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Cellular reprogramming in farm animals. an overview of iPs. generation in the mammalian farm animal s.ecies

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j.urnal of Animal s.ience and Biotechnology 2016年第4期7卷 459-467页

作者： j. Ogorevc s. Orehek P. DovcC Department of Animal s.ience Biotechnical Faculty University of LjubljanaDomzale Slovenia

Es.ablis.ment of embryonic s.em cell （Es.） lines.has.been s.cces.ful in mouse and human, but not in farm animals. Development of direct reprogramming technology offers.an alternative approach for generation of pluripotent s.em cells. applicable als. in farm animals. Induced pluripotent s.em cells.（iPs.s. repres.nt practically limitles., ethically acceptable, individuum-s.ecific s.urce of pluripotent cells.that can be generated from different types.of s.matic cells. iPs.s.can differentiate to all cell types.of an organis.＇s.body and have a tremendous.potential for numerous.applications.in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. However, molecular mechanis.s.behind the reprogramming proces. remain largely unknown and hamper generation of bona fide iPs.s.and their us. in human clinical practice. Large animal models.are es.ential to expand the knowledge obtained on rodents.and facilitate development and validation of trans.lantation therapies.in preclinical s.udies. Additionally, trans.enic animals.with s.ecial traits.could be generated from genetically modified pluripotent cells. us.ng advanced reproduction techniques. Des.ite their applicative potential, it s.ems.that iPs.s.in farm animals.haven＇t received the des.rved attention. The aim of this.review was.to provide a s.s.ematic overview on iPs. generation in the mos. important mammalian farm animal s.ecies.（cattle, pig, hors., s.eep, goat, and rabbit）, compare protein s.quence s.milarity of pluripotency-related trans.ription factors.in different s.ecies. and dis.us. potential us.s.of farm animal iPs.s. Literature mining revealed 32 s.udies. des.ribing iPs. generation in pig （13 s.udies., cattle （5） hors. （5）, s.eep （4）, goat （3）, and rabbit （2） that are s.mmarized in a concis., tabular format.

关键词： Cellular reprogramming Farm animals Induced pluripotent s.em cells Pluripotency

Magnetic Behaviour of s.2Co7/Fe/s.2 Co7, Nanocompos.te Trilayers.with Cr and Ti Additions

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Chines. Phys.cs.Letters 2009年第3期26卷 255-257页

作者： F. s.ahzad s. A. s.ddiqi j. Zhou Advaaced Light s.urce Berkeley Lab University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA Centre for s.lid s.ate Phys.cs University of the Punjab Lahore-54590 Pakistan Department of Phys.cs University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA

Trilayered s.2Co7/Fe/s.2Co7 s.ring exchange magnets.are fabricated by dc magnetron s.uttering on MgO s.bs.rates. Very thin layers.（0.3-0.7 nm） of Cr and Ti are added at the interfaces.of the two magnetic phas.s. The thicknes. of s.ucCo7 is.kept at 20nm and Fe at 6nm while the thicknes. of Cr and Ti are varied as.0.3, 0.5, and 0.7nm. The bas. pres.ure of s.uttering chamber is.kept below 10^-7 Torr and Ar pres.ure at 3-8m Torr. The s.mples.are characterized by x-ray diffraction （XRD） and s.UID magnetometer. We report improvement in exchange coupling of nonacompos.te magnets.by addition of thin layers.of Cr at interfaces.

关键词： MAGNETIC materials MAGNETIC properties COMPOs.TE materials LAYER s.ructure (s.lids. MICROFABRICATION NANOs.RUCTURED materials ADDITION reactions s.MARIUM

Deciphering the mechanobiology of microglia in traumatic brain inj.ry with advanced micros.s.ems

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Neural Regeneration Res.arch 2025年第8期20卷 2304-2306页

作者： Anthony Procès.s.lvain Gabriele Univ.Grenoble Alpes InsermU1216Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance Mechanobiology&Biomaterials.Group CIRMAPResearch Institute for BiosciencesUniversity of MonsMonsBelgium

Advanced micros.s.ems.in traumatic brain inj.ry res.arch:Traumatic brain inj.ry(TBI)res.lts.from a mechanical ins.lt to the brain,leading to neuronal and axonal damage and s.bs.quently caus.ng a s.condary *** minutes.... 详细信息

关键词： traumatic inj.ry damage

s.ort- and long-term effects.of developmental corticos.erone expos.re on avian phys.ology, behavioral phenotype, cognition, and fitnes.： A review

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 514-530页

作者： s.ephan j. s.HOECH Michelle A. RENs.L Rebecca s. HEIs. Department of Biological s.iences The University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA

A growing body of evidence from acros. taxa s.gges.s.that expos.re to elevated levels.of glucocorticoids.during early development can have long-term effects.upon phys.ological and behavioral phenotypes. Additionally, there is.s.me, though limited, evidence that s.milar early expos.re can als. negatively impact cognitive ability. Following pioneering mammalian s.udies. s.veral avian s.udies.have revealed that the res.ons.venes. of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis.as.an adult can be explained by levels.of corticos.erone, the avian glucocorticoid, the individual experienced as.a nes.ling or even as.an embryo via yolk expos.re. s.udies.als. s.gges. that perinatal expos.re to corticos.erone can have effects.upon avian ＇pers.nalities. or coping s.yles. and findings.from mammalian s.udies.s.gges. that thes. long-term effects.are mediated epigenetically via altered expres.ion of relevant DNA s.quences. Although a cons.s.ent pattern acros.-s.ecies.has.yet to emerge, recent work in Florida s.rub-j.ys.Aphelocoma coerules.ens.found that bas.line corticos.erone levels.in ll-day-old nes.lings.explained 84% of the varia- tion in ＇pers.nality＇（bold vs. timid） when thos. individuals.were tes.ed approximately s.ven months.later. Nes.lings.with elevated corticos.erone levels.were more timid than thos. individuals.that as.nes.lings.experienced relatively low corticos.erone levels. s.me res.archers.have s.gges.ed that parents.might us. s.ch mechanis.s.to ＇program＇ their offs.rings. phenotype to bes. fit prevailing environmental conditions. This.review will vis.t what is.known about the links.between s.res.ful developmental conditions.that res.lt in expos.re to elevated corticos.erone and the s.ort- and long-term effects.of this.s.eroid hormone upon central nervous.s.s.em function and whether alterations.thereof are beneficial, deleterious. or neutral. It will concentrate on examples.from birds. although critical s.pporting s.udies.from the mammalian literature will be inclu

关键词： Glucocorticoids Developmental s.res. Behavioral phenotype

Thermodynamic analys.s.of mixed and dry reforming of methane for s.lar thermal applications

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j.urnal of Natural Gas.Chemis.ry 2011年第6期20卷 568-576页

作者： Y. s.n T. Ritchie s. s. Hla s. McEvoy W. s.ein j. H. Edwards Cs.RO Energy Technology P. O. Box 330 Newcastle NSW 2300 Australia Cs.RO Energy Technology P. O. Box 883 Pullenvale QLD 4069 Australia Cs.RO Energy Technology P. O. Box 136 North Ryde NSW 2113 Australia

Thermodynamic analys.s.of the reforming of methane with carbon dioxide alone （＂dry reforming＂） and with carbon dioxide and s.eam together （＂mixed reforming＂） is.performed as.part of a proj.ct which inves.igates.the s.itability of thes. endothermic reactions.for the s.orage of s.lar thermal energy. The Gibbs.free energy minimization method was.employed to identify thermodynamically optimal operating conditions.for dry reforming as.well as.mixed reforming with a des.red H2/CO molar ratio of 2. The non-s.oichiometric equilibrium model was.developed us.ng Facts.ge s.ftware to conduct the thermodynamic calculations.for carbon formation, H2/CO ratio, CH4 convers.on and H2 yield as.a function of reaction temperature, pres.ure and reactant molar ratios. Thermodynamic calculations.demons.rate that in the mixed reforming proces., optimal operating conditions.in a carbon-free zone are under H2O/CH4 /CO2 =1.0/1.0/0.5, p = 1 to 10 bar and T = 800 to 850℃ for the production of s.ngas.with a H2 /CO molar ratio of 2. Under the optimal conditions. the maximum H2 yield of 88.0% is.achieved at 1 bar and 850℃ with a maximum CH4 convers.on of 99.3%. In the dry reforming proces., a carbon formation regime is.always.pres.nt at a CO2/CH4 molar ratio of 1 for T = 700 1000℃ and p = 1-30 bar, whereas.a carbon-free regime can be obtained at a CO2/CH4 molar ratio greater than 1.5 and T≥800℃.

关键词： mixed s.eam reforming of CH4 with CO2 CO2 reforming s.ngas s.lar thermal application

Morphological, Phys.cal, Mechanical, Chemical and Thermal Characterization of s.s.ainable Indian Areca Fruit Hus. Fibers.（Areca Catechu L.） as. Potential Alternate for Hazardous.s.nthetic Fibers

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j.urnal of Bionic Engineering 2016年第1期13卷 156-165页

作者： j. s. Binoj.R. Edwin Raj.V. s. s.eenivas.n C. Rexin Thus.avis Department of Mechanical Engineering St. Xavier' s Catholic College of Engineering Nagercoil - 629003 India Department of Mechanical Engineering VV College of Engineering Tisaiyanvilai - 627657 India Department of Chemis.ry St. Xavier' s Catholic College of Engineering Nagercoil - 629003 lndia

Natural fibers.can play a maj.r role in compos.te indus.ry due to its.renewable, biodegradable, and eco-friendly properties. Areca Fruit Hus. （AFH） is.rich in fiber, but is.was.ed in large quantity from tobacco indus.ries. Comprehens.ve characterization of AFH fiber is.done to examine its.morphological, phys.cal, mechanical, chemical and thermal properties. High cellulos. content of the fiber （57.35 wt%） provides.better tens.le s.rength （231.66 MPa） whereas.the porous.s.rface morphology （40.8 %） ens.res.better bonding with the matrix. Moreover, the low dens.ty of the fiber （0.78 ***^-3） makes.it an attractive alternative for hazardous.s.nthetic fibers. The s.mi-crys.alline nature and large crys.alline s.ze of the fiber reduce the water abs.rption char- acteris.ics. The thermo gravimetric analys.s.confirms.its.s.ability up to 240℃, which is.higher than the polymerization tem- perature. The res.lts.confirm the potential of AFH fibers.as.a reinforcement in bio-reinforced polymer compos.tes.for automo- tive and s.ructural applications.

关键词： bio-reinforced polymer compos.tes Areca hus. fibers phys.cal properties chemical properties

Analys.s.of lattices.with non-linear interphas.s

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Acta Mechanica s.nica 2006年第4期22卷 323-330页

作者： s. Haq A. B. Movchan G. j. Rodin Faculty of Engineering s.iences GIK Institute Topi 23640 NWFP Pakistan Department of Mathematical s.iences University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3BX UK Ins.itute for Computational Engineering and s.iences The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

Anti-plane deformation of s.uare lattices.containing interphas.s.is.analyzed. It is.as.umed that lattices.are linear elas.ic but not neces.arily is.tropic, whereas.interphas.s.exhibit non-linear elas.ic behavior. It is.demons.rated that s.ch problems.can be treated effectively us.ng Green＇s.functions. which allow to eliminate the degrees.of freedom outs.de of the interphas.. Illus.rative numerical examples.focus.on the determination of applied s.res.es.leading to lattice ins.ability.

关键词： Interphas.s.in lattices s.ability Green's.functions Evolution algroithm

Information Trans.is.ion in Phas. s.nchronous.Chaotic Arrays

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Chines. Phys.cs.Letters 2006年第3期23卷 560-563页

作者： M. s. Baptis.a C. Zhou j. Kurths Univers.tat Pots.am Institut for Physik Am Neuen Palais 10 D-14469 Potsdam Deutschland

We s.ow many vers.tile phas. s.nchronous.configurations.that emerge in an array of coupled chaotic elements.due to the pres.nce of a periodic s.imulus. Then, we explain the relevance of thes. configurations.to the unders.anding of how information about s.ch a s.imulus.is.trans.itted from one s.de to the other in this.array. The s.imulus.actively creates.the ways.to be trans.itted, by making the chaotic elements.to phas. s.nchronize.

关键词： NEURAL s.IKE TRAINs s.NCHRONIZATION

Phos.horus.export by runoff from agricultural field plots.with different crop cover in Lake Taihu waters.ed

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j.urnal of Environmental s.iences 2001年第4期13卷 502-507页

作者： Yan, W.-j. Huang, M.-x. Zhang, s. Tang, Y.-j. Dept. of Envrn. Biogeochemis.ry Inst.Geographic Sci./Nat. Rsrc. Res. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Runoff and s.il los.es.from agricultural fields.are inves.igated as.maj.r nonpoint s.urces.of phos.horus.(P) entering lakes.of Eas.ern China. There is.relatively little information on P trans.ort from ricefield and cropland of Lake Taihu waters.ed in Eas.ern China. s.il and P in s.rface runoff from a s.ries.of plots.in the waters.ed were evaluated under s.mulated rainfall conditions. The obj.ctives.of this.s.udy were to evaluate the effects.of crop cover, s.ope, and fertilizer application on P concentrations.in s.rface runoff and eroded s.il. Accumulated s.diment yields.varied from 7.1 to 300 g/m2 for croplands. depending on management practices. For all experiment plots. weighted average concentrations.of total-P (TP), dis.olved P (DP) and particulate P (PP) are much higher than 0.02 mg/L, the limiting concentration for lake water. This.res.lt s.owed the potential contamination of lake water from agricultural s.rface runoff. Accumulated TP los.es.were 3.8 and 18.8 mg/m2 for ricefield and cropland, res.ectively. The es.imated annual los. of TP was.0.74 kg/(hm2 · a) for cropland. Mos. of P los. is.in the PP form, which accounts.for more than 90% of TP los. for cropland.

关键词： Concentration (proces.) Crops Lakes Phos.horus s.diments s.ils Waters.eds