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Evidence on result-based financing in maternal and child health in low-and middle-income countries:a systematic review

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Global Health Research and Policy 2020年第1期5卷 179-193页

作者： Nigel James kenny Lawson Yubraj acharya Department of Health Policy and Administration The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16801USA Translational Health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversitySydneyAustralia Hunter Medical Research Institute Lot 1 Kookaburra CircuitNew Lambton HeightsNSWAustralia

Introduction:Result-Based Financing(RBF)is an umbrella term for financial mechanisms that link incentives to outputs or *** development agencies are promoting RBF as a viable financing approach for the realization of universal health coverage,with numerous pilot trials,particularly in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).There is limited synthesized evidence on the performance of these mechanisms and the reasons for the lack of RBF *** study aims to review the evidence of RBF schemes that have been scaled or institutionalized at a national level,focusing on maternal,newborn,and child health(MNCH)programming in ***:A systematic literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRIsMA)*** authors identified and reviewed country-level RBF evaluation reports for the period between January 2000 and June *** were extracted from both published and gray literature on RBF application in MNCH using a predesigned *** matrix headers included country of application;program setting;coverage and duration;evaluation design and methods;outcome measures;and key findings.A content thematic analysis approach was used to synthesize the evidence and emerging ***:The review identified 13 reports from 11 countries,predominantly from sub-saharan *** financing was the most common form of RBF *** majority of evaluation designs were randomized *** evaluations focused on outputs,such as coverage and service utilization,rather than *** schemes in all 11 countries expanded their scope,either geographically or accordingly in terms of performance ***,only three studies conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis,and only two included a discussion on RBF’s *** three countries have institutionalized RBF into their national *** the basis of the experience of these three

关键词： Result-based financing Maternal and child health care Low-and middle-income countries Pay for performance Institutionalization

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situs inversus totalis in an asymptomatic adolescent-importance of patient education:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2023年第5期12卷 359-364页

作者： Lauren C.Hayashi Ratna acharya Department of Pediatrics University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFL 32608United States Division of General Pediatrics Department of PediatricsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32608United States

BACkGROUND situs inversus totalis(sIT)may be an incidental finding in asymptomatic *** may not understand the implications of this condition and the importance of relaying the diagnosis to their healthcare *** sUMMARY We report an asymptomatic seventeen-year-old adolescent with previouslydiagnosed sIT who presented for a routine well-child *** history taking,he denied any past medical conditions,including cardiovascular *** when physical exam revealed point of maximal impulse and heart sounds on the right side,did he convey that he had been diagnosed with sIT incidentally at age of 12 *** was not aware of associated conditions or the potential implications of his diagnosis,nor did he realize it is pertinent medical history to be relayed to healthcare *** X-ray confirmed dextrocardia and abdominal X-ray showed right-sided *** sonogram showed left-sided liver and right-sided *** showed normal valvular structure and function.A comprehensive discussion was provided to address the patient’s lack of understanding that sIT is a medical diagnosis with potential *** While sIT is rare and mostly asymptomatic,affected patients may not comprehend the importance of the diagnosis and its potential *** of the patient’s lack of awareness allows the healthcare provider to educate the patient and hopefully can prevent potential medical and surgical complications.

关键词： situs inversus Dextrocardia Adolescent Education Case report

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r＇ranscriptome assembly strategies for ）recision medicine

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Frontiers of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in China 2017年第4期5卷 280-290页

作者： Lu Wang Lipi acharya Changxin Bai Dongxiao Zhu Department of Computer science Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 USA DOW Agrosciences lndianapolis IN 46268 USA

Background： Precision medicine approach holds great promise to tailored diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Individuals can be vastly different in their genomic information and genetic mechanisms hence having unique transcriptomic signatures. The development of precision medicine has demanded moving beyond DNA sequencing （DNA-seq） to much more pointed RNA-sequencing （R_NA-seq） [Cell, 2017, 168： 584--599]. Results： Here we conduct a brief survey on the recent methodology development of transcriptome assembly approach using RNA-seq. Conclusions： since transcriptomes in human disease are highly complex, dynamic and diverse, transcriptome assembly is playing an increasingly important role in precision medicine research to dissect the molecular mechanisms of the human diseases.

关键词： precision medicine transcriptome assembly RNA-seq de novo De Bruijn

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Tillage, crop residue, and nutrient management effects *** organic carbon in rice-based cropping systems： A review

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第1期16卷 1-15页

作者： Rajan Ghimire sushil Lamichhane Bharat sharma acharya Prakriti Bista Upendra Man sainju Agricultural science Center New Mexico State University NM 88101 USA soil science Division Nepal Agricultural Research Council Khumaltar Nepal Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management Oklahoma State University OK 74078 USA Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center Oregon State University OR 97801 USA Northern Plains Agricultural Research Lab USDA-ARS MT 59270 USA

soil organic carbon （sOC） sequestration is one of the major agricultural strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions, enhance food security, and improve agricultural sustainability. This paper synthesizes the much-needed state- of-knowledge on the effects of tillage, crop residue, and nutrient management practices on sOC sequestration and identifies potential research gap, opportunities, and challenges in studying sOC dynamics in rice （Oryza sativa L.）-based cropping systems in south Asia, mainly in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and sri Lanka. Improved management prac- tices such as reduced- and no-tillage management, nitrogen （N） fertilizer and farmyard manure （FYM） application, and crop residue addition can improve sOC accumulation. Positive effects of no-tillage, crop residue addition, N addition through manure or compost application, and integration of organic and chemical fertilizers on sOC accumulation in rice-based cropping systems have been documented from south Asia. However, limited data and enormous discrepancies in sOC measurements across the region exist as the greatest challenge in increasing sOC sequestration and improving agricultural sustainability. More research on sOC as influenced by alternative tillage, crop residue, and nutrient management systems, and development of sOC monitoring system for existing long-term experiments will advance our understanding of the sOC dynamics in rice-based cropping systems and improve agricultural system sustainability in south Asia.

关键词： carbon mapping carbon sequestration crop residue no-tillage rice-wheat system

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spatial Variation of Nutrient Concentrations (NH+4and Cl-) in the Dudhkoshi River Basin, sagarmatha National Park, Nepal

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2020年第7期12卷 577-589页

作者： Jessique Ghezzi-Haeft k. Nicholson k. Neumann L. Wood s. acharya s. sharma Environment Geology and Natural Resources Ball State University Muncie USA Department of Earth sciences Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis USA Aquatic Ecology Laboratory Kathmandu University Dhulikhel Nepal

The sagarmatha National Park (sNP) in Nepal is home to unique natural beauty and cultural significance. While the sNP has a relatively small local population, it has drawn thousands of visitors since Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay reached the peak of Mt Everest in 1953. Importantly, the tourists and their concurrently generated refuse have caused massive anthropogenic pressure with serious environmental consequences for the unique sNP and sNP Buffer Zone ecosystems. This study aimed to understand the spatial variation of nutrient concentrations in stream water and drinking water (primarily shallow springs) using analyses of nitrogen as NHsup>+sup>sub style="margin-left:-5px;">4sub> and chlorine (Clsup>-sup>) concentrations. sampling occurred in April 2017 during the pre-monsoon dry season in the upper Dudhkoshi River Basin, sNP. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (NHsup>+sup>sub style="margin-left:-5px;">4sub>) concentrations in both drinking water and stream water were low with average concentrations in drinking water of 0.016 mg/L (±0.010) and 0.033 mg/L (±0.031) in stream water. similarly, Clsup>-sup> concentrations were also low with average concentrations of 0.185 mg/L (±0.045) and 0.124 mg/L (±0.051) in stream and drinking water, respectively. Importantly, nitrogen in stream waters exhibits a decreasing trend with altitude whereas Clsup>-sup> values decrease with altitude in both drinking water and streams. The observed spatial variations of nitrogen and chlorine concentrations are attributed primarily to the significant variations in land use/land cover from the highest portions of the drainage basin to the lowest elevations, which are outside of the sNP boundary and therefore allow more agricultural development. Our results demonstrated that although the quality of stream water in the upper reach of Dudhkoshi River Basin meets WHO standards for drinking water, there is significant surface water contamination in the form of agricultural run-

关键词： sagarmatha Nutrients Nitrogen LULC Water Quality Nepal

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Blockchain Driven Metaheuristic Route Planning in secure Wireless sensor Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 933-949页

作者： M.V.Rajesh T.Archana acharya Hafis Hajiyev E.Laxmi Lydia Haya Mesfer Alshahrani Mohamed k Nour Abdullah Mohamed Mesfer Al Duhayyim Department of Computer science and Engineering Aditya Engineering CollegeSurampalem533437India Department of Business Administration Vignan’s Institute of Information TechnologyVisakhapatnam530049India Department of Accounting and Audit Azerbaijan State University of Economics(UNEC)BakuRepublic of Azerbaijan Department of Computer science and Engineering Vignan’s Institute of Information TechnologyVisakhapatnam530049India Department of Information systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer sciences College of Computing and Information SystemUmm Al-Qura UniversitySaudi Arabia Research Centre Future University in EgyptNew Cairo11845Egypt Department of Computer science College of Sciences and Humanities-AflajPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversitySaudi Arabia

Recently,Internet of Things(IoT)has been developed into a field of research and it purposes at linking many sensors enabling devices mostly to data collection and track *** sensor network(WsN)is a vital element of IoT paradigm since its inception and has developed into one of the chosen platforms for deploying many smart city application regions such as disaster management,intelligent transportation,home automation,smart buildings,and other such IoT-based *** routing approaches were extremely-utilized energy efficient approaches with an initial drive that is,for balancing the energy amongst sensor *** clustering and routing procedures assumed that Non-Polynomial(NP)hard problems but bio-simulated approaches are utilized to a recognized time for resolving such *** this motivation,this paper presents a new blockchain with Enhanced Hunger Games search based Route Planning(BCEHGs-RP)scheme for IoT assisted *** presented BCEHGs-RP model majorly employs BC technology for secure communication in the IoT supportedWsN *** addition,an effective multihop route planning approach was designed by the use of EHGs *** proposed EHGs technique is derived from the concept of Hill Climbing strategy(HCs)and HGs ***,a fitness function with two parameters namely residual energy(RE)and intercluster distance to elect optimal *** performance validation of the BCEHGs-RP model is experimented with under diverse number of *** experimental outcomes highlighted the better performance of the BCEHGs-RP technique on recent approaches.

关键词： Internet of things wireless sensor networks routing metaheuristics blockchain

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Anti-thymocyte globulin for treatment of T-cell-mediated allograft rejection

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World Journal of Transplantation 2023年第6期13卷 299-308页

作者： sumit acharya suraj Lama Durga Anil kanigicherla Department of Nephrology Shahid Dharmabhakta National Transplant CenterBhaktapur 44800Nepal Department of Renal Medicine Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom

Anti-thymocyte globulin(ATG)is a pivotal immunosuppressive therapy utilized in the management of T-cell-mediated rejection and steroid-resistant rejection among renal transplant *** available as Thymoglobulin(rabbit-derived,sanofi,United states),ATG-Fresenius s(rabbit-derived),and ATGAM(equine-derived,Pfizer,United states),these formulations share a common mechanism of action centered on their interaction with cell surface markers of immune cells,imparting immunosuppressive *** the prevailing mechanism predominantly involves T-cell depletion via the complement-mediated pathway,alternate mechanisms have been *** dosing and treatment duration of ATG have exhibited variance across randomised trials and clinical reports,rendering the establishment of standardized guidelines a *** spectrum of risks associated with ATG administration spans from transient adverse effects such as fever,chills,and skin rash in the acute phase to long-term concerns related to immunosuppression,including susceptibility to infections and *** comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough exploration of the current understanding of ATG,encompassing its mechanism of action,clinical utility in the treatment of acute renal graft rejections,specifically steroid-resistant cases,efficacy in rejection episode reversal,and a synthesis of findings from different eras of maintenance ***,it delves into the adverse effects associated with ATG therapy and its impact on long-term graft ***,the review underscores the existing gaps in evidence,particularly in the context of the Banff classification of rejections,and highlights the challenges faced by clinicians when navigating the available literature to strike the optimal balance between the risks and benefits of ATG utilization in renal transplantation.

关键词： Anti-thymocyte globulin T-cell-mediated rejection steroid-resistant rejection Biopsy confirmed acute rejection

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spinal cord injury regeneration using autologous bone marrowderived neurocytes and rat embryonic stem cells:A comparative study in rats

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World Journal of stem Cells 2020年第12期12卷 1591-1602页

作者： Mir sadat-Ali Dakheel A Al-Dakheel Ayesha Ahmed Haifa A Al-Turki Abdallah s Al-Omran sadananda acharya Methal I Al-Bayat Department of Orthopedic surgery Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University and King Fahd Hospital of the UniversityDammam 31952Saudi Arabia Department of Orthopedic surgery Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityAlKhobar 31952Saudi Arabia Department of Pathology Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam 31952Saudi Arabia Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam 31142Saudi Arabia Department of Orthopedic surgery Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University and King Fahd Hospital of the UniversityAlKhobar 31952Saudi Arabia Department of Public Health College of Public HealthImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam 31441Saudi Arabia

BACkGROUND spinal cord injury(sCI)is an important cause of traumatic paralysis and is mainly due to motor vehicle ***,there is no definite treatment for spinal cord *** To assess the outcome of rat embryonic stem cells(rEsC)and autologous bone marrow-derived neurocytes(ABMDN)treatment in iatrogenic sCI created in rats,and to compare the efficacy of the two different cell *** The study comprised 45 male Wistar rats weighing between 250 and 300 g,which were divided into three groups,the control,rEsC and ABMDN *** anesthetized animals underwent exposure of the thoracic 8th to lumbar 1st vertebrae.A T10-thoracic 12th vertebrae laminectomy was performed to expose the spinal cord.A drop-weight injury using a 10 g weight from a height of 25 cm onto the exposed spinal cord was *** wound was closed in *** urinary bladder was manually evacuated twice daily and after each evacuation Ringer lactate 5 mL/100 g was administered,twice daily after each bladder evacuation for the first 7 postoperative *** the 10th day,the rats underwent nerve conduction studies and behavioral assessment[Basso,Beattie,Brenham(BBB)]to confirm *** embryonic stem cells,ABMDN and saline were injected on the 10th *** animals were euthanized after 8 wk and the spinal cord was isolated,removed and placed in 2%formalin for histopathological analysis to assess the healing of neural tissues at the axonal *** All the animals tolerated the procedure *** BBB scale scoring showed that at the end of the first week no recovery was observed in the ***-injection,there was a strong and significant improvement in rats receiving rEsC and ABMDN as compared to the control group based on the BBB scale,and the Trainof-four-Watch sX acceleromyography device exhibited statistically significant(Pssue after *** evaluation of the spinal cord showed maximum vacuolization and least gliosis i

关键词： spinal cord injury Regeneration Embryonic stem cells Autologous bone marrow-derived neurocytes Iatrogenic stem cells

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Covalent organic framework shows high isobutene adsorption selectivity from C_(4) hydrocarbons:Mechanism of interpenetration isomerism and pedal motion

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Green Energy & Environment 2022年第2期7卷 296-306页

作者： Wei Chen Mian Li Wen-Li Peng Ling Huang Chao Zhao Dinesh acharya Wentao Liu Anmin Zheng state key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics National Center for Magnetic Resonance in WuhanKey Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological SystemsWuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China Department of Chemistry and key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou UniversityGuangdong515063China Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Shantou515031China Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China school of Materials science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450001China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing100049China

Adsorption and separation of C_(4) hydrocarbons are crucial steps in petrochemical *** of porous materials for enhancing the separation efficiency have paid much ***-organic frameworks of diamond-topology,dia-COFs,often exhibit unique structural properties such as interpenetration isomerism and pedal ***,in order to get a deep insight into the structure-performance correlation of such dia-COFs,a series of dia-COF materials have been proposed and theoretically investigated on the C_(4) *** is found that these dia-COFs display an excellent adsorption and separation property towards isobutene with respect to other C_(4) hydrocarbons(i.e.,1,3-butadiene,1-butene,2-cis-butene,2-trans-butene,isobutane and n-butane).What’s more,the correlation between the topology parameters and experimental synthesis feasibility has been established for COF-300(dia-cN),and the unreported COF-300(dia-c3) is predicted to be experimentally feasible *** findings not only provide a deep insight into the mechanism of topology characteristics of dia-COFs on C_(4) adsorption and separation properties but also guide the design and synthesis of novel highly-effective porous materials.

关键词： adsorption hydrocarbons separation

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Effect of equiproprotional substitution of Zn and Mn in BaTiO_(3)ceramic-An index to multiferroic applications

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2012年第3期1卷 241-248页

作者： s.k.DAs P.P.ROUT s.k.PRADHAN B.k.ROUL Institute of Materials science Planetarium BuildingAcharya ViharBhubaneswar 751013India

This paper reports that ferromagnetism(FM)can be induced in ferroelectric barium titanate(BaTiO_(3))ceramic with selection of appropriate substituents like Zn and *** density polycrystalline samples of Zn and Mn substituted BaTiO_(3)(Ba_(1-x)Zn_(x)Ti_(1-x)Mn_(x)O_(3),x=0,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08 and 0.1)were prepared using slow step solid state sintering technique to study the effect of equiproprotional substituents on structural,ferroelectric and magnetic properties of BaTiO_(3)(BTO).High precision electrical and magnetic measurements were carried out along with XRD,XPs,and sEM to understand and co-relate magnetic and ferroelectric hysteresis loop observed at room temperature with different values of‘x’.It is seen that ferroelectric hysteresis loop(P~E)is deteriorated(became lossy type)with the increase of Zn and Mn ***,at x=0.1,the material showed the signature of room temperature ferromagnetism,which is an index for BTO to became a promising material for multiferroic applications.M~H loops observed in Zn and Mn substituted BTO are expected to be due to the formation of oxygen vacancies and exchange interaction induced magnetism.

关键词： ceramic magnetism hexagonal polarization

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