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Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) corrects chronic inflammatory response syndrome (cIRS) acquired following exposure to water-damaged buildings

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Health 2013年第3期5卷 396-401页

作者： Ritchie c. Shoemaker Dennis House James c. ryan center for Research on Biotoxin Associated Illnesses Pocomoke City USA Proteogenomics LLC Vero Beach USA

Exposure in water-damaged buildings (WDB) to airborne bioaerosols including metabolic products of toxigenic fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes;and inflammagens, can lead to a persistent innate immune inflammatory illness. This illness, termed a chronic inflammatory response syndrome (cIRS-WDB), is systemic with symptoms acquired from multiple organ systems. Treatment of cIRS-WDB has progressed rapidly as a better understanding of the inflammatory pathophysiology has led to targeted, sequential therapies. The fundamental basis of uncontrolled innate immune responses, the humoral deficiency of regulatory neuropeptides melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), seen in over 98% of pa tients, has not consistently responded to any treatment modality. Use of replacement VIP has been attempted anecdotally;VIP replacement therapies show promise in short term studies but longer therapies have not been attempted. Here we report an open label trial of 20 patients with refractory cIRS-WDB illness who took replacement VIP in a nasal spray for at least 18 months with confirmation of durable efficacy and absence of significant side effects. These 20 patients were similar in symptoms and lab find- ings to three previously published cohorts in- volving 1829 patients and 169 controls. Dosage of VIP was titrated downwards from four to zero doses a day to determine minimum effective dose, and retitrated upwards for maximum improvement over time. The trial showed that VIP therapy safely 1) reduced refractory symptoms to equal controls;2) corrected inflammatory parameters c4a, TGF beta-1, VEGF, MMP9;3) corrected estradiol, testosterone and 25-OH Vitamin D;4) returned pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) during exercise to normal;and 5) enhanced quality of life in 100% of trial patients. Subsequent identification of correction of T-regulatory cell levels supports the potential role of VIP in both innate and adaptive immune function.

关键词： Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (cIRS) TGF Beta-1 c4a MSH T Regulatory cells Water-Damaged Buildings

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Diel and seasonal patterns of variation in the singing behaviour of Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis)

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Avian Research 2019年第3期10卷 336-343页

作者： Ines G.Moran Katrina c.Lukianchuk Stephanie.M.Doucet Amy E.M.Newman Heather Williams D.ryan Norris Daniel J.Mennill Department of Biological Sciences University of WindsorWindsorON N9B3P4Canada Department of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphON N1G2W1Canada Biology Department Williams CollegeWilliamstownMD 01267USA

Background:The vocalizations of birds are dynamic traits that often vary in output with time of day and time of *** quantifying patterns of diel and seasonal variation in vocal output,we can gain insight into the ecology and evolution of birds and the function of their *** this investigation,we quantified diel and seasonal variation in song output by studying a breeding population of Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis).Methods:We used autonomous recorders to collect extensive recordings across the breeding season in a long-term, colour-marked study population of Savannah Sparrows in eastern *** described diel and seasonal variation across five different breeding stages based on recordings of more than 50,000 songs from 34 ***:During the pre-breeding stage, prior to female arrival, males sang a pronounced dawn chorus with a peak in song output during the early *** the breeding stage,in contrast,the dawn chorus was diminished and males instead exhibited a pronounced dusk chorus with a peak in song output during the *** the breeding season,the highest levels of song output occurred in late April and early May,soon after males arrived on the breeding grounds,and the lowest levels occurred in August,prior to the departure of birds for the wintering ***:These patterns suggest that Savannah Sparrows' early-season dawn choruses are directed at males and serve a territorial defense ***-season dusk choruses,in contrast, appear to play a role in attracting mates and possibly acoustic mate guarding.

关键词： Bird song Breeding activities circadian rhythms Seasonal variation in song

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An Assessment capability for LNG Leaks in complex Environments

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2018年第6期6卷 65-77页

作者： Sydney D. ryan Robert c. Ripley Lloyd’s Register Applied Technology Group Halifax Canada

Pollutants may be introduced into urban or marine settings by various means and could result in an adverse impact to public safety and the environment. Therefore, it is important for emergency management personnel to understand the potential risks and physical extents of a leaked substance, whether it is toxic, flammable or explosive. Traditional tools for predicting the atmospheric dispersion of leaked substances are quick and simple to use, but may not adequately consider the effects of the built environment that includes complex urban and terrain geometries. Alternatively, cFD methods have been increasing in application;although, their superior accuracy is met with commensurate manual effort. The All Hazards Planner is a fast, accurate gas dispersion modelling tool for city and port environments, which employs a full-physics cFD approach but automates the intensive manual effort. In this work, a credible LNG leak from a 12-mm-diameter hole is modelled for two hypothetical case studies: adjacent to an LNG tanker and between a cruise ship and pier during bunkering. The LNG vapour flammability extents are compared to an empirical model in the absence of geometry effects and are contrasted with geometry effects to highlight the importance of the real environment. The free-field extents are invariant, whereas the inclusion of geometry is shown to reduce the flammability extents by spreading at the ground-level and forcing the plume upwards.

关键词： All Hazards Planner Atmospheric Gas Dispersion computational Fluid Dynamics Urban canopy Flow Emergency Response Geohazards Health and Safety Environmental Impact

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changes in soil organic carbon contents and fractionations of forests along a climatic gradient in china

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第1期6卷 1-12页

作者： Xiaolu Sun Zuoxin Tang Michael G.ryan Yeming You Osbert Jianxin Sun college of Forest Science Beijing Forestry University Institute of Forestry and climate change Research Beijing Forestry University Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State University Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest Service college of Forestry Guangxi University

Background: Soil organic carbon(SOc) is a large reservoir of terrestrial carbon(c); it consists of different fractions of varying complexity and stability. Partitioning SOc into different pools of decomposability help better predict the trend of changes in SOc dynamics under climate change. Information on how physical fractions and chemical structures of SOc are related to climate and vegetation types is essential for spatial model ing of SOc processes and responses to global change ***: Soil samples were col ected from multiple representative forest sites of three contrasting climatic zones(i.e. cool temperate, warm temperate, and subtropical) in eastern china. Measurements were made on SOc contents and physical fractions of the 0–20 cm soil layer, and the chemical composition of SOc of the 0–5 cm soil layer, along with measurements and compilation of the basic site and forest stand variables. The long-term effects of temperature, litter inputs, soil characteristics and vegetation type on the SOc contents and factions were examined by means of "space for time substitution" approach and statistical ***: Mean annual temperature(MAT) varied from 2.1 °c at the cool temperate sites to 20.8 °c at the subtropical sites. Total SOc of the 0–20 cm soil layer decreased with increasing MAT, ranging from 89.2 g·kg^(-1) in cool temperate forests to 57.7 g·kg^(-1) in subtropical forests, at an average rate of 1.87% reduction in SOc with a 1 °c increase in *** increasing MAT, the proportions of aromatic c and phenolic c displayed a tendency of decreases, whereas the proportion of alkyl c and A/O-A value(the ratio of alkyl c to the sum of O-alkyl c and acetal c) displayed a tendency of increases. Overall, there were no significant changes with MAT and forest type in either the physical fractions or the chemical composition. Based on the relationship between the SOc content and MAT, we estimate that SOc in the top 20 soil layer of forests potentially cont

关键词： carb on fractions Forest soil Global warming Solid-state 13c-cPMAS NMR

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Testing allometric scaling relationships in plant roots

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第4期7卷 770-780页

作者： Qiang Deng Zhiyou Yuan Xinrong Shi T.ryan Lock Robert L.Kallenbach State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100ShaanxiChina. University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China. Institute of Soil and Water conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Division of Plant Sciences College of AgricultureFoodand Natural ResourcesUniversity of Missouri108 Waters HallColumbiaMO 65211USA.

Background:Metabolic scaling theory predicts that plant productivity and biomass are both ***,this theory has not yet been tested in plant ***:In this study,we tested how metabolic scaling occurs in plants using a comprehensive plant root dataset made up of 1016 observations from natural *** generated metabolic scaling exponents by logtransformation of root productivity versus ***:Results showed that the metabolic scaling exponents of fine root(ctivity versus biomass were close to 1.0 for all ecosystem types and functional *** exponents decreased in coarse roots(>2mm in diameter).conclusions:We found isometric metabolic scaling in fine roots,a metabolically active organ similar to seedlings or *** findings also indicate a shift in metabolic scaling during plant ***,our study supports the absence of any unified single constant scaling exponent for metabolism-biomass relationships in terrestrial plants,especially for forests with woody species.

关键词： Allometry Biomass Metabolic scaling Plant roots Productivity

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Microstructural evolution of a silicon carbide-carbon coated nanostructured ferritic alloy composite during in-situ Kr ion irradiation at 300℃ 450℃

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第12期71卷 75-83页

作者： Kaustubh Bawane Kathy Lu Xian-Ming Bai Jing Hu Meimei Li Peter M.Bald Edward ryan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA IVEM-Tandem Facility Argonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA

This work focuses on irradiation behaviors of a novel silicon carbide and carbon coated nanostructured ferritic alloy(Sic-c@NFA)composite for potential applications as a cladding and structural material for next generation nuclear *** Sic-c@NFA samples were irradiated with 1 MeV Kr ions up to 10 dpa at 300 and 4500 *** and defect evolution were studied in-situ at the IVEM-Tandem facility at Argonne National *** effects of ion irradiation on various phases such asα-ferrite matrix,(Fe,cr)_(7)c_(3),and(Ti,W)c precipitates were ***α-ferrite matrix showed a continuous increase in dislocation density along with spatial ordering of dislocation loops(or loop strings)at>5 *** size of the dislocation loops at 450℃was larger than that at 300℃.The nucleation and growth of new(Ti,W)c precipitates inα-ferrite grains were enhanced with the ion dose at 450℃.This study provides new insight into the irradiation resistance of the Sic-c@NFA system.

关键词： In-situ ion irradiation Ferritic steel (Fecr)_(7)c_(3) Metal matrix composite Fuel cladding

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Parallel personal measurements of diesel engine exhaust and crystalline silica using dual sampling port

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第3期30卷 313-319页

作者： Alan Fleck caroline couture Virginie cabelguen Patrick Eddy ryan Ross Thuot Guillaume Lachapelle Hugo coulombe Maximilien Debia Department of Environmental and Occupational Health University of MontrealMontreal H3T 1A8Canada Health and Safety Agnico Eagle MinesToronto M5C 2Y7Canada Health and Safety Westwood Mine(IAMGOLD)Preissac J0Y 2E0Canada

Diesel engine exhaust(DEE) and crystalline silica exposures occur simultaneously in the mining industry,and occupational sampling campaigns can be time-and cost-consuming. The authors evaluated a dualport system for simultaneous sampling of DEE and crystalline silica in laboratory and field *** tests evaluated the operation of pumps during 8 h sampling and the intensity of the flow variation for various filter loading conditions and for different modes of operation. Field validation was performed in an underground mine. Pumps operated in constant flow or constant pressure *** in constant flow mode showed that when the flowrate increased on one side of the system, it decreased on the opposite side according to the loading intensity. Tests in constant pressure mode showed that flowrates systematically decreased when using loaded cassettes. However, the higher the backpressure setting, the lower the flow variation was. Flow variations during field tests were generally within the acceptable ±5% range. However, significant flow variations were identified in higher concentrations. A significant negative correlation was found between flowrate variation and total carbon concentration. While the majority of tests support the use of the dual-port for evaluating concomitant exposures, results highlight the possibility of filter overloading as a cause of flowrate changes.

关键词： crystalline silica Diesel engine exhaust Dual-port Mining Monitoring

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Simultaneous Dual Selective Targeted Delivery of Two covalent Gemcitabine Immunochemotherapeutics and complementary Anti-Neoplastic Potency of [Se]-Methylselenocysteine

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Journal of cancer Therapy 2015年第1期6卷 62-89页

作者： c. P. coyne Toni Jones ryan Bear Department of Basic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University Mississippi State USA Wise center Mississippi State University Mississippi State USA

The anti-metabolite chemotherapeutic, gemcitabine is relatively effective for a spectrum of neoplastic conditions that include various forms of leukemia and adenocarcinoma/carcinoma. Rapid systemic deamination of gemcitabine accounts for a brief plasma half-life but its sustained administration is often curtailed by sequelae and chemotherapeutic-resistance. A molecular strategy that diminishes these limitations is the molecular design and synthetic production of covalent gemcitabine immunoche-motherapeutics that possess properties of selective “targeted” delivery. The simultaneous dual selective “targeted” delivery of gemcitabine at two separate sites on the external surface membrane of a single cancer cell types represents a therapeutic approach that can increase cytosol chemotherapeutic deposition;prolong chemotherapeutic plasma half-life (reduces administration frequency);minimize innocent exposure of normal tissues and healthy organ systems;and ultimately enhance more rapid and thorough resolution of neoplastic cell populations. Materials and Methods: A light-reactive gemcitabine intermediate synthesized utilizing succinimidyl 4,4-azipentanoate was covalently bound to anti-EGFR or anti-HER2/neu IgG by exposure to UV light (354-nm) resulting in the synthesis of covalent immunoche-motherapeutics, gemcitabine-(c4-amide)-[anti-EGFR] and gemcitabine-(c4-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu]. cytotoxic anti-neoplastic potency of gemcitabine-(c4-amide)-[anti-EGFR] and gemcitabine-(c4-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] between?gemcitabine-equivalent concentrations of 10-12 M and 10-6 M was determined utilizing chemotherapeutic-resistant mammary adenocarcinoma (SKRr-3). The organoselenium compound, [Se]-methylselenocysteine was evaluated to determine if it complemented the anti-neoplastic potency of the covalent gemcitabine immunoche-motherapeutics. Results: Gemcitabine-(c4-amide)-[anti-EGFR], gemcitabine-(c4-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] and the dual simultaneous combination of gemcitabine-(c4-amide)-[a

关键词： Gemcitabine Anti-EGFR Anti-HER2/neu covalent Immunochemotherapeutic Gemcitabine-(c4-amide)-[Anti-EGFR] Gemcitabine-(c4-amide)-[Anti-HER2/neu] Mammary Adenocarcinoma (SKBr-3) [Se]-Methylselenocysteine

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A ten-year experience of inferior vena cava reconstruction for malignancy:The importance of a multidisciplinary approach with hepatobiliary surgery

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2020年第4期19卷 396-398页

作者： Maria R.Baimas-George ryan c.Pickens Jesse K.Sulzer Dionisios Vrochides John B.Martinie David M.Levi David A.Iannitti Division of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department of SurgeryCarolinas Medical Center1025 Morehead Medical DriveSuite 600CharlotteNC 28204USA Division of Transplant Surgery Department of SurgeryCarolinas Medical CenterCharlotteNCUSA

To the Editor,Tumor invasion of the inferior vena cava(IVc)through direct erosion is a rare and poor prognostic feature of aggressive hepatic or perihepatic malignancies[1,2].Literature shows poor response to chemotherapy,such that resection often is the only option for improved survival[3].Multidisciplinary collaborations can expand technical options;incorporation of transplant techniques has led to successful R0 resection involving difficult vascular reconstruction and extended resection[4,5].This study describes and analyzes the ten-year collaborative experience of hepatobiliary(HPB)surgeons in management of malignancies involving the perihepatic IVc.

关键词： hepato hepatic invasion

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Gridded 20-year climate parameterization of Africa and South America for a stochastic weather generator (cLIGEN)

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Big Earth Data 2023年第2期7卷 349-374页

作者： Andrew Fullhart Guillermo E.Ponce-campos Menberu B.Meles ryan P.McGehee Gerardo Armendariz Paulo Tarso S.Oliveira cristiano Das Neves Almeida José c.de Araújo Werner Nel David c.Goodrich Southwest Watershed Research center USDA-ARS TucsonAZUSA School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA Sustainable Agricultural Water Systems Unit USDA-ARS DavisCAUSA Agricultural and Biological Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Urbanism and GeographyFederal University of Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMSBrazil Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Laboratory Federal University of ParaíbaJoao PessoaPBBrazil Federal University of Fortaleza Department of Agricultural EngineeringFortalezaBrazil Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of Fort HareAliceSouth Africa

cLIGEN is a stochastic weather generator that creates statistically representative timeseries of daily and sub-daily point-scale weather variables from observed monthly statistics and other parameters. cLIGEN precipitation timeseries are used as climate input for various risk-assessment modelling applications as an alternative to observe long-term, high temporal resolution records. Here, we queried gridded global climate datasets (Terraclimate, ERA5, GPM-IMERG, and GLDAS) to estimate various 20-year climate statistics and obtain complete cLIGEN input parameter sets with coverage of the African and South American continents at 0.25 arc degree resolution. The estimation of cLIGEN precipitation parameters was informed by a ground-based dataset of >10,000 locations worldwide. The ground observations provided target values to fit regression models that downscale cLIGEN precipitation input parameters. Aside from precipitation parameters, cLIGEN’s parameters for temperature, solar radiation, etc. were in most cases directly calculated according to the original global datasets. cross-validation for estimated precipitation parameters quantified errors that resulted from applying the estimation approach in a predictive fashion. Based on all training data, the RMSE was 2.23 mm for the estimated monthly average single-event accumulation and 4.70 mm/hr for monthly maximum 30-min intensity. This dataset facilitates exploration of hydrological and soil erosional hypotheses across Africa and South America.

关键词： climate cLIGEN Africa South America

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