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Evolutionary modifications of Astyanax larval prey capture (LPC) in a dark environment

Zoological Research 2023年第4期44卷 750-760页

作者： Luis Espinasa ruth Diamant Ehud Vinepinsky Monika Espinasa School of Science Marist CollegePoughkeepsieNY 12601USA Depto.de Física Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaCiudad de México C.P.09310México Institut de Biologie de l’ENS(IBENS) Département de BiologieÉcole Normale SupérieureCNRSINSERMUniversitéPSL75005 ParisFrance SUNY Ulster Stone RidgeNY 12484USA

Feeding strategies of an organism depend on the multimodal sensory processing that most efficiently integrates available visual,chemosensory,and/or mechanoreceptive cues as part of their environmental *** blind cavefish morph of Astyanax mexicanus has developed sensory-dependent behaviors to find food more efficiently than their eyed,surface-morph counterparts while in *** the absence of light,adult cavefish have evolved enhanced behaviors,such as vibration attraction behavior(VAB),and changes in feeding ***,we identified evolved differences in cavefish larval prey capture(LPC)*** the dark,LPC is more efficient in cavefish than in surface ***,different cave populations express laterality in their LPC and strike towards prey preferentially located on their left or right *** suggests the occurrence,to some extent,of divergent LPC evolution among cave *** LPC can be triggered exclusively by a vibration stimulus in both surface and cavefish,we provide evidence that LPC is,at least partially,a multimodal sensory process different from adult *** also found that a lack of food may exacerbate the laterality of ***,we proposed a mathematical model for explaining laterality based on a balance between:(1)enlarged range of foraging field(behavioral or perceptive)due to asymmetry,(2)food abundance,and(3)disadvantages caused by laterality(unequal lateral hydrodynamic resistance when swimming,allocation of resources for the brain and receptors,and predator escape).

关键词： Astyanax Cave Troglobite Neuromast Prey Asymmetry

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The evolution of a geoscience standard:An instructive tale of science keyword development and adoption

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第5期14卷 396-401页

作者： Mark A.Parsons ruth Duerr Øystein Godøy University of Alabama in Huntsville AlabamaUSA Ronin Institute BroomfieldCOUSA Norwegian Meteorological Institute OsloNorway

In 1987,NASA sponsored an international workshop that inspired the Directory Interchange Format or DIF–a metadata format to enable“catalog interoperability”.The DIF formed the basis of the International Directory Network(IDN)and the Global Change Master Directory(GCMD)and included a set of science *** primary intent was to catalog NASA Earth science and related data,but the keywords have been implemented in many different systems and adopted in varying ways by many different organizations around the *** review provides an ethnographic examination of how the keywords have evolved and been managed and how they have been adopted over the last 35 *** illustrates how semantic approaches have evolved over time and provides insights on how standards and associated processes can be sustained and *** institutional commitment is essential,but so is transparency and technical *** and empowering the different roles involved in standards creation,maintenance,and use of standards as well as the services that standards enable is also *** is apparent that semantic representations need to be mindful of different contexts and carefully define verbs as well as nouns and *** and representing relationships is central to interdisciplinary interoperability.

关键词： Data management Standards Digital earth Semantic web Information science

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Systematic review:Laparoscopic fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease in partial responders to proton pump inhibitors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第3期20卷 804-813页

作者： Lars Lundell Martin Bell Magnus ruth Department of Surgery CLINTEC Karolinska Institutet Research Evaluation Unit Oxford PharmaGenesisTM Ltd.OxfordOX13 5QJUnited Kingdom Shire-Movetis NV B-2300 TurnhoutBelgium

AIM: To assess laparoscopic fundoplication (LF) in partial responders to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

关键词： Laparoscopic fundoplication Gastroesophageal reflux disease Partial response Proton pump inhibitors Systematic review

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The immune modifying effects of amino acids on gut-associated lymphoid tissue

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2013年第3期4卷 195-204页

作者： Megan R ruth Catherine J Field Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science 4-126A Li Ka Shing Health Research Innovation Centre University of AlbertaEdmonton AB T6G 2E1 Canada

The intestine and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue（GALT） are essential components of whole body immune defense,protecting the body from foreign antigens and pathogens,while allowing tolerance to commensal bacteria and dietary *** requirement for protein to support the immune system is well *** is known regarding the immune modifying properties of individual amino acids,particularly on the *** oral and parenteral feeding studies have established convincing evidence that not only the total protein intake,but the availability of specific dietary amino acids（in particular glutamine,glutamate,and arginine,and perhaps methionine,cysteine and threonine） are essential to optimizing the immune functions of the intestine and the proximal resident immune *** amino acids each have unique properties that include,maintaining the integrity,growth and function of the intestine,as well as normalizing inflammatory cytokine secretion and improving T-lymphocyte numbers,specific T cell functions,and the secretion of IgA by lamina propria *** understanding of this area has come from studies that have supplemented single amino acids to a mixed protein diet and measuring the effect on specific immune *** studies should be designed using amino acid mixtures that target a number of specific functions of GALT in order to optimize immune function in domestic animals and humans during critical periods of development and various disease states.

关键词： Amino acids Arginine Epithelium Glutamate Glutamine Gut-associated lymphoid tissue Intestine Mucosa

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Association between Placental Malaria and Severe Pre-Eclampsia in Two University Hospitals of Yaounde City

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第9期14卷 1488-1511页

作者： Ayissi Gregory Astrid ruth Ndolo Kondo Ndoumba Afouba Alice Noa Ndoua Claude Cyrille Essiben Félix Meka Esther Belinga Etienne Metogo Junie Engo Engo Samuel Désiré Bodo Edmond Lemaire Tchente Nguefack Charlotte Foumane Pascal Mboudou Emile Télésphore Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicals Sciences University of Yaound I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceuticals Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Morphological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon. Department of Morphological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicals Sciences University of Yaound I Yaounde Cameroon

Context: Pre-eclampsia and placental malaria, are two diseases that share pathophysiological similarities, such as placental ischemia, endothelial dysfunction and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Objective: The objective of our study was to investigate the association between placental malaria lesions and severe pre-eclampsia. Methodology: We conducted a prospective analytical cross-sectional study in two University Hospitals in the city of Yaounde (Yaounde Central Hospital and the Gynaecological Obstetrics and Paediatrics Hospital), and in the laboratory of the Centre Pasteur in Yaounde over an eight-month period (1st January 2021 – 1st September 2021). All patients with pre-eclampsia diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Society for the Study of Hypertension (ISSHP) and free of chronic metabolic or infectious pathology were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (mild pre-eclampsia) and group 2: severe pre-eclampsia. Socio-demographic, clinical and histopathological characteristics specific to pre-eclampsia and placental malaria were investigated. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 23.0 software, Chi 2 was used to compare categorical variables, Student t-test was used to compare means, and logistic regression was used to assess the association between placental malaria lesions and PES. Results: The mean age of our study population was 29.93 ± 7.36 years versus 28.28 ± 7.18 years in patients with mild and severe pre-eclampsia respectively. Pre-eclampsia placental lesions (accelerated villous maturation, infarction) were significantly greater in patients with severe pre-eclampsia (p Conclusion: Placental malaria lesions were significantly associated with severe pre-eclampsia and increased the risk of developing severe pre-eclampsia placental lesions by a factor of 10.

关键词： Mild Pre-Eclampsia Severe Pre-Eclampsia Malaria Placental Lesions Association

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Determination of Trace Metal Impurities in Cerium Oxide by Fluorination-Assisted ETV-ICP-AES after HPLC Separation

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Journal of Rare Earths 2004年第2期22卷 197-200页

作者： ruth Wanjau 胡斌江祖成秦永超何蔓梁沛 Department of Chemistry Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

A new method for the separation and detection of trace metal impurities in cerium oxide (CeO_2) using HPLC combined with electrothermal vaporization (ETV)-ICP-AES was developed. This combination links the high separation power of HPLC and high sensitivity of ETV-ICP-AES. The 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen 2-ethylhexylphosphate (P_(507)) resin was used as stationary phase for the separation of metallic impurities in order to eliminate severe spectral interferences of the matrix. The dilute nitric acid was adopted as mobile phase for eluting Cu, Mn, Ni and La. The separation process can be accomplished in about 30 min. After concentrating the eluate by evaporation, the trace impurities were determined by using ETV-ICP-AES with the addition of 6% PTFE slurry as chemical modifier. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of CeO_2 with satisfactory recoveries.

关键词： chemical analysis fluorination-electrothermal vaporization HPLC P_(507) resin cerium oxide rare earths

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Peptide self-assembly into lamellar phases and the formation of lipid-peptide nanostructures

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Nano Research 2018年第2期11卷 913-928页

作者： Karin Kornmueller Bernhard Lehofer Gerd Leitinger Heinz Amenitsch ruth Prassl Institute of Biophysics Medical University of Graz BioTechMed-Graz Graz Austria Institute of Cell Biology Histology and Embryology Research Unit Electron Microscopic Techniques Medical University of Graz Graz Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Graz University of Technology Graz Austria

Lipids exhibit an extraordinary polymorphism in self-assembled mesophases, with lamellar phases as the most relevant biological representative. To mimic lipid lamellar phases with amphiphilic designer peptides, seven systematically varied short peptides were engineered. Indeed, four peptide candidates （V4D, V4WD, V4WD2, I4WD2） readily self-assembled into lamellae in aqueous solution. Small-angle X-ray scattering （SAXS） patterns revealed ordered lamellar structures with a repeat distance of 4-5 nm. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） images confirmed the presence of stacked sheets. Two derivatives （V3D and V4D2） remained as loose aggregates dispersed in solution; one peptide （L4WD2） formed twisted tapes with internal lameUae and an antiparaUel -type monomer aligrtment. To understand the interaction of peptides with lipids, they were mixed with phosphatidylcholines. Low peptide concentrations （1.1 mM） induced the formation of a heterogeneous mixture of vesicular structures. Large multilamellar vesicles （MLV, d-spacing - 6.3 nm） coexisted with oligo- or unilamellar vesicles （- 50 nm in diameter） and bicelle-like structures （- 45 nm length, - 18 nm width）. High peptide concentrations （11 mM） led to unilamellar vesicles （ULV, diameter - 260-280 nm） with a homogeneous mixing of lipids and peptides. SAXS revealed the temperature-dependent fine structure of these ULVs. At 25 ℃ the bilayer is in a fully Interdigitated state （headgroup-to-headgroup distance dH, -2.9 nm）, whereas at 50 ℃this interdigitation opens up （dtm- 3.6 nm）. Our results highlight the versatility of self-assembled peptide superstructures. Subtle changes in the amino acid composition are key design elements in creating peptide- or lipid- peptide nanostructures with richness in morphology similar to that of naturally occurrin~ lioids.

关键词： amphiphilic designerpeptides lipids nanostructures lamellae small-angle X-rayscattering (SAXS) transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM)

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The role of functional materials to produce high areal capacity lithium sulfur battery

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第3期29卷 195-209页

作者： Masud Rana Bin Luo Mohammad Rejaul Kaiser Ian Gentle ruth Knibbe Materials Engineering School of Mechanical and Mining EngineeringUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia Nanomaterials Centre School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of Queensland QLDSt Lucia 4072Australia School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization(CSIRO) Manufacturing Business Unit36 Bradfield RoadLindfieldNSW 2070Australia

The lithium sulfur batteries(LSBs) are considered as one of the promising next generation energy storage devices due to the high theoretical specific capacity of sulfur(1675 m Ah g-1), naturally available, low ***, the practical LSBs are impeded by the well-known "shuttle effect" combined with other technical drawbacks. The "shuttle effect" causes rapid capacity decay, severe self-discharging and low active material utilization. The polysulfide(PS) which has lone pair electrons in each sulfur atom is considered as Lewis base and shows strong affinity to various polar, Lewis acid and catenation interactive materials but very weakly interacts with the non-polar conductive carbons. The "shuttle effect" occurs due to the diffusion of high order PS from the cathode to the anode and then low-order PS back to the cathode. The PS is polar and, due to a lone pair of electrons associated with the sulfur atom, is considered a Lewis base. As such, the PS shows a strong affinity with various polar and Lewis acid materials. In addition, a more novel trapping can be performance through a catenation reaction. For LSBs to compete with the state-of-the-art lithium ion batteries(LIBs), the LSB areal capacity need to be ~6 m Ah cm-2(which is proportional to sulfur loading). To achieve this target the PS shuttling needs to mitigate, which can be achieved through using functional materials. This review addresses the aforementioned phenomena by considering the PS phase interacts with the various functional materials and how this impacts areal capacity and cycling stability of LSBs.

关键词： Sulfur loading Specific capacity Areal capacity Polysulfides Chemical interaction

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The association between Tai Chi exercise and safe driving performance among older adults： An observational study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第1期7卷 83-94页

作者： Sally Miller ruth E.Taylor-Piliae School of Nursing Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37240 USA College of Nursing The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA

Background: Age-related cognitive and physical decline can impair safe driving performance. Tai Chi exercise benefits cognitive and physical function and may influence safe driving performance in older adults. The primary aim of this observational study was to compare cognitive processes and physical function related to safe driving performance among older adult Tai Chi practitioners to normative reference *** aims were to examine relationships between Tai Chi exercise habits, cognitive processes, and physical function related to safe driving performance and to explore potential predictors of safe driving ***: The Driving Health Inventory, the Driving Scenes Test, other driving-related cognitive and physical measures, and self-reported measures including the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS) and the Vitality Plus Scale(VPS) were collected from current Tai Chi practitioners(n = 58; age 72.9 ± 5.9 years, mean ± SD) with median >3 years Tai Chi ***: Compared to normative reference values, participants performed better on numerous cognitive measures including the Driving Scenes Test(p < 0.001, d = 1.63), maze navigation(p = 0.017, d = 0.27), the Useful Field of View Test(p < 0.001, r = 0.15), and on physical measures including the Rapid Walk Test(p < 0.001, r = 0.20), and the Right Foot Tapping Test,(p < 0.001, r = 0.35). Participants scored higher than normative reference values on MAAS and VPS(p < 0.001, d = 0.75; p = 0.002, d = 0.38, respectively). Statistically significant correlations were found between several study measures. The digit span backward test was the strongest predictor of safe driving performance(β = 0.34,p = 0.009).Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise has the potential to impact cognitive processes and physical function related to safe driving performance. Further study using randomized controlled trials, structured Tai Chi exercise doses, and driving simulator or on-road driving performance as outcome measures

关键词： Automobile driving Driving performance Exercise Older adults Physical activity Tai Chi

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Male, Female, and Nonbinary Differences in UK Twitter Self-descriptions: A Fine-grained Systematic Exploration

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2021年第2期6卷 1-27页

作者： Mike Thelwall Saheeda Thelwall ruth Fairclough Statistical Cybermetrics Research Group University of WolverhamptonUK

Purpose: Although gender identities influence how people present themselves on social media, previous studies have tested pre-specified dimensions of difference, potentially overlooking other differences and ignoring nonbinary ***/methodology/approach: Word association thematic analysis was used to systematically check for fine-grained statistically significant gender differences in Twitter profile descriptions between 409,487 UK-based female, male, and nonbinary users in 2020. A series of statistical tests systematically identified 1,474 differences at the individual word level, and a follow up thematic analysis grouped these words into ***: The results reflect offline variations in interests and in jobs. They also show differences in personal disclosures, as reflected by words, with females mentioning qualifications, relationships, pets, and illnesses much more, nonbinaries discussing sexuality more, and males declaring political and sports affiliations more. Other themes were internally imbalanced, including personal appearance(e.g. male: beardy;female: redhead), selfevaluations(e.g. male: legend;nonbinary: witch;female: feisty), and gender identity(e.g. male: dude;nonbinary: enby;female: queen).Research limitations: The methods are affected by linguistic styles and probably underreport nonbinary *** implications: The gender differences found may inform gender theory, and aid social web communicators and ***/value: The results show a much wider range of gender expression differences than previously acknowledged for any social media site.

关键词： Twitter Online self-presentation Gender Nonbinary genders Twitter bios

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