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基于体外仿生消化法构建不同来源玉米、高粱原料的鸡有效能预测模型

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动物营养学报 2024年第5期36卷 3296-3305页

作者：白国松李凯严鸿林周建川马腾钟儒清陈亮中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室北京100193 西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院绵阳621010 铁骑力士食品有限责任公司绵阳621010

本试验旨在以不同来源的玉米、高粱原料为试验材料,利用单胃动物仿生消化系统(SDS)测定玉米和高粱原料的酶水解物能值(EHGE),并结合前期研究测定的鸡表观代谢能(AME)和真代谢能(TME),建立基于EHGE的AME及TME预测模型。本试验采用单因素... 详细信息

本试验旨在以不同来源的玉米、高粱原料为试验材料,利用单胃动物仿生消化系统(SDS)测定玉米和高粱原料的酶水解物能值(EHGE),并结合前期研究测定的鸡表观代谢能(AME)和真代谢能(TME),建立基于EHGE的AME及TME预测模型。本试验采用单因素完全随机设计,利用SDS分别测定5种不同来源的玉米原料和5种不同来源的高粱原料的体外干物质消化率(IVDMD)、体外总能消化率(IVGED)及EHGE。本试验参照的鸡AME和TME值为前期使用同批次原料,以健康体成熟的海兰褐公鸡通过自由采食法结合全收粪法测定所得。结果表明:1)不同来源玉米的IVDMD、IVGED和EHGE存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中2号玉米的IVDMD、IVGED和EHGE分别为75.12%、80.89%和15.19 MJ/kg DM,显著高于1号玉米(P<0.05)。2)不同来源高粱的IVDMD、IVGED和EHGE存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中5号高粱的IVDMD、IVGED和EHGE最高,分别为79.28%、85.15%和15.73 MJ/kg DM,而2号高粱的IVDMD、IVGED和EHGE最低,分别为55.93%、58.28%和10.72 MJ/kg DM。3)高粱的EHGE与AME和TME之间存在显著的正相关(P<0.05),玉米的EHGE与AME和TME之间的相关系数均为0.80。4)基于EHGE建立的玉米和高粱AME预测模型分别为:AME=7.62+0.57×EHGE[R^(2)=0.64,相对标准偏差(RSD)=0.11,P=0.11]、AME=10.03+0.31×EHGE(R^(2)=0.80,RSD=0.38,P=0.04);基于EHGE建立的玉米和高粱的TME预测模型分别为:TME=7.58+0.58×EHGE(R^(2)=0.64,RSD=0.11,P=0.10)、TME=9.98+0.33×EHGE(R2=0.89,RSD=0.28,P=0.02)。由此可见,不同来源的玉米和高粱的EHGE差异明显,在本试验条件下高粱原料的EHGE与AME和TME之间存在较强的相关关系,使用SDS对高粱原料的AME和TME有更好的预测性。

关键词：仿生消化法玉米高粱有效能鸡

Evaluation of energy values of high-fiber dietary ingredients with different solubility fed to growing pigs using the difference and regression methods

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 569-575页

作者： Zhengqun Liu ruqing zhong Kai Li Liang Chen Bifeng Zhang Lei Liu Hongfu Zhang State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Tianjin Academy of Agricultural SciencesTianjin300381China

The objective of this study was to compare the energy values of high-fiber dietary ingredients with different solubility(sugar beet pulp[SBP]and defatted rice bran[DFRB])in growing pigs using the difference and the regression methods.A total of 21 barrows(initial BW,40.5±1.2 kg)were assigned to 3 blocks with BW as a blocking factor,and each block was assigned to a 7×2 incomplete Latin square design with 7 diets and two 13-d experimental *** 7 experimental diets consisted of a corn-soybean meal basal diet and 6 additional diets containing 10%,20%,or 30%SBP or DFRB in the basal diet,*** of the exper-imental periods lasted 12 d,with a 7 d dietary adaptation period followed by 5-d total fecal and urine *** showed that the digestible energy(DE)and metabolizable energy(ME)of the SBP determined by the difference method with different inclusion levels(10%,20%,or 30%)were 2,712 and 2,628 kcal/kg,2,683 and 2,580 kcal/kg,and 2,643 and 2,554 kcal/kg DM basis,*** DE and ME in the DFRB evaluated by the difference method with 3 different inclusion levels were 2,407 and 2,243 kcal/kg,2,687 and 2,598 kcal/kg,and 2,630 and 2,544 kcal/kg DM basis,*** inclusion levels had no effects on the energy values of each test ingredient estimated by the difference *** DE and ME of the SBP and the DFRB estimated by the regression method were 2,562 and 2,472 kcal/kg and 2,685 and 2,606 kcal/kg DM basis,*** energy values of each ingredient determined by the regression method were similar to the values estimated by the difference method with the 20%or 30%inclusion ***,the energy values of the SBP and DFRB estimated by the difference method with the 10%inclusion level were inconsistent with the values determined by the regression method(P<0.05).In conclusion,the regression method was a robust indirect method to evaluate the energy values for high-fiber ingredients with different solubility in growing pi

关键词： High-fiber ingredient Energy value Difference method Regression method Inclusion level Growing pigs

Time-course effects of different fiber-rich ingredients on energy values,microbiota composition and SCFA profile in growing pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 263-275页

作者： Qingtao Gao Zhengqun Liu Kai Li Guosong Bai Lei Liu ruqing zhong Liang Chen Hongfu Zhang State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Tianjin Academy of Agriculture SciencesTianjinChina

This study was to investigate time-course effects of different types of dietary fiber on the energy values,fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)concentration in growing pigs.A total of 24 barrows(initial body weight,19.8±0.5 kg)were assigned to 4 dietary treatments based on body weight(BW)in a completely randomized design,including a basal diet(CON)and 3 fiber-rich diets replacing corn,soybean meal and soybean oil in the CON diet with 20%sugar beet pulp(SBP),defatted rice bran(DFRB)or soybean hull(SBH),*** feces were sampled on d 7,14 and 21,followed by 5 d total feces and urine *** results showed that there were no differences in DE and ME between any of the fiber ingredients on d 7,14 or ***,fiber inclusion decreased the DE and ME of the diet(P<0.05)regardless of the time *** coordinate analysis(PCoA)revealed distinctly different microbial communities on the DFRB diet and SBH diet across different times(P<0.05)and the fecal microbiota of the 4 diet groups demonstrated notably distinct clusters at each time point(P<0.05).With adaptation time increased from 7 to 21 d,cellulose-degrading bacteria and SCFA-producing bacteria(e.g.,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014,Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Bifidobacterium)increased in the fiber inclusion diets,and pathogenic genera(e.g.,Streptococcus and Selenomonas)were increased in the basal diet(P<0.05).Furthermore,the gut microbiota of growing pigs adapted more easily and quickly to the SBP diet compared to the DFRB diet,as reflected by the concentration of propionate,butyrate,isovalerate and total SCFA which increased with time for growing pigs fed the DFRB diet(P<0.05).Collectively,our results indicated at least 7 d adaptation was required to evaluate the energy values of fiber-rich ingredients,as the hindgut microbiota of growing pigs may need more time to adapt to a high fiber diet,especially for insoluble dietary fiber.

关键词： Adaptation time Energy value Fecal microbiota Fiber-rich ingredient Growing pig

Chronic heat stress induces the disorder of gut transport and immune function associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress in growing pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 228-241页

作者： Shanlong Tang Jingjing Xie Wei Fang Xiaobin Wen Chang Yin Qingshi Meng ruqing zhong Liang Chen Hongfu Zhang State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100093China Academy of State Administration of Grain Beijing100037China

Although high temperatures influence gut health,data on underlying mechanisms remains *** a pig model,this study performed a global analysis on how chronic heat stress affects the transport and immune function of the gut through transcriptome,proteome,microbial diversity and flow cytometry.A total of 27 pigs with similar body weights were assigned into 3 groups,control(Con)group(23℃),chronic heat stressed(HS)group(33°C),and pair-fed(PF)group,in a controlled environment for 21 *** results showed that pigs in the HS group had reduced growth performance and diminished height of ileal villi(P<0.01).Transcriptome and proteome analyses demonstrated notable modification of expression of nutrients and ion transport-related transporters and gut mechanical barrier-related genes by chronic heart stress(P<0.05),suggesting damage of transport functions and the gut *** heat stress-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress also increased the synthesis of misfolded proteins,leading to upregulation of misfolded protein degradation and synthesis,as well as vesicle transport disorder(P<0.05).Energy supply processes were enhanced in the mitochondrion(P<0.05)to maintain biological processes with high energy ***,chronic heat stress activated complement cascade response-related genes and proteins in the gut mucosa(P<0.05).Our flow cytometry assays showed that the proportion of gut lymphocytes(CD4^(+)T cells,T cells,B cells in Peyer’s patch lymphocytes and CD4^(+)CD25^(+)T cells in intraepithelial lymphocytes)were significantly altered in the HS group pigs(P<0.05).In addition,the occurrence of gut microbial dysbiosis in the HS group pigs was characterized by increased potential pathogens(e.g.,Asteroleplasma,Shuttleworthia,Mycoplasma)and suppression of beneficial bacteria(e.g.,Coprococcus and Aeriscardovia),which are associated with gut immune ***,our data demonstrated that chronic heat stress induced gut transport and immune function diso

关键词： Chronic heat stress Gut transport and immunity Endoplasmic reticulum stress Growing pigs Multi-omics

Pectin modulates intestinal immunity in a pig model via regulating the gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolite-AhR-IL22 pathway

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第4期14卷 1451-1465页

作者： Guoqi Dang Xiaobin Wen ruqing zhong Weida Wu Shanlong Tang Chong Li Bao Yi Liang Chen Hongfu Zhang Martine Schroyen State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio TechTERRA Teaching and Research CentreLiege UniversityPassage des Deportes 2GemblouxBelgium The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture National Engineering Research Center of Biological FeedFeed Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesNo.12 Zhongguancun South StreetHaidian DistrictBeijing 100081China

Background Pectin is a heteropolysaccharide that acts as an intestinal immunomodulator,promoting intestinal development and regulating intestinal flora in the ***,the relevant mechanisms remain *** this study,pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with either 5%microcrystalline cellulose(MCC)or 5%pectin for 3 weeks,to investigate the metabolites and anti-inflammatory properties of the *** The results showed that dietary pectin supplementation improved intestinal integrity(Claudin-1,Occludin)and inflammatory response[interleukin(IL)-10],and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines(IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α)was down-regulated in the ***,pectin supplementation altered the jejunal microbiome and tryptophan-related metabolites in *** specifically increased the abundance of Lactococcus,Enterococcus,and the microbiota-derived metabolites(skatole(ST),3-indoleacetic acid(IAA),3-indolepropionic acid(IPA),5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid(HIAA),and tryptamine(Tpm)),which activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)*** activation modulates IL-22 and its downstream *** analysis revealed the potential relationship between metabolites and intestinal morphology,intestinal gene expression,and cytokine *** In conclusion,these results indicated that pectin inhibits the inflammatory response by enhancing the AhR-IL22-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway,which is activated through tryptophan metabolites.

关键词： Dietary fiber Gut microbiota Immune pectin Tryptophan metabolites

外源蛋白酶对肉鸡饲粮体外干物质消化率和酶水解物能值的影响

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中国农业科学 2017年第7期50卷 1326-1333页

作者：张立兰陈亮钟儒清张宏福中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所/动物营养学国家重点实验室

【目的】研究外源蛋白酶对肉鸡饲粮体外干物质消化率（DMD）和酶水解物能值（EHGE）的影响,并使用仿生法获取饲粮中外源蛋白酶的最适添加量,为饲用酶制剂效价快速评价方法的建立提供理论参考。【方法】试验采用单因素完全随机设计,对照... 详细信息

【目的】研究外源蛋白酶对肉鸡饲粮体外干物质消化率（DMD）和酶水解物能值（EHGE）的影响,并使用仿生法获取饲粮中外源蛋白酶的最适添加量,为饲用酶制剂效价快速评价方法的建立提供理论参考。【方法】试验采用单因素完全随机设计,对照组分别为肉鸡前期和后期基础饲粮（粗蛋白质水平分别为:24.29%和21.72%,干物质基础）,试验组分别在肉鸡前期和后期基础饲粮中添加0、15 000、75 000和150 000 PROT·kg-1的外源蛋白酶,试验共8种饲粮样品,每种饲粮样品设5个重复,每个重复1根仿生消化管,使用单胃动物仿生消化系统（SDS-Ⅱ）分别模拟饲粮在鸡的胃和胃—肠道的消化过程,测试并计算饲粮样品的DMD、体外能量消化率（GED）和EHGE,分别建立DMD和EHGE与蛋白酶添加量（protease supplementation,PS）的回归方程,并分析DMD和EHGE与PS的相关关系。【结果】随着外源蛋白酶添加剂量的增加,肉鸡前期和后期基础饲粮全消化道DMD、GED和EHGE也随之增加（P0.05）。肉鸡前期基础饲粮全消化道DMD（%）和PS(g·kg;)的关系为:DMD（%）=2.56 PS-0.82 PS×PS+73.90（R;=0.82,RSD=0.42,P<0.001）;EHGE(MJ·kg;)和PS(g·kg;)的关系为:EHGE(MJ·kg;)=0.75 PS-0.30 PS×PS+15.02（R;=0.89,RSD=0.07,P<0.001）;当外源蛋白酶添加剂量为112 500 PROT·kg;时,肉鸡前期基础饲粮全消化道EHGE达到最大值。肉鸡后期基础饲粮全消化道DMD（%）和PS(g·kg;)的关系为:DMD（%）=3.56PS-1.46 PS×PS+75.20（R;=0.70,RSD=0.60,P<0.001）;EHGE(MJ·kg;)和PS(g·kg;)的关系为:EHGE(MJ·kg;)=0.61 PS-0.30 PS×PS+15.67（R;=0.79,RSD=0.06,P<0.001）,当外源蛋白酶添加剂量为91 800 PROT·kg;时,肉鸡后期基础饲粮全消化道的EHGE达到最大值。【结论】玉米-豆粕基础饲粮中添加外源蛋白酶,可显著提高肉鸡基础饲粮体外全消化道DMD、GED和EHGE。但外源蛋白酶的添加剂量对不同消化道阶段和不同营养指标消化率的影响并不呈单纯一致的剂量反应规律。本试验条件下,肉鸡前期和后期基础饲粮中分别添加112 500和91 800PROT·kg;的蛋白酶时EHGE提升效果最好。

关键词：外源蛋白酶干物质消化率酶水解物能值仿生消化系统肉鸡

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猪饲粮纤维的利用及其对养分消化的影响

畜牧兽医学报 2023年第9期54卷 3745-3757页

作者：陈莹钟儒清陈亮张宏福中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所/畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室北京100193

我国粮食安全主要压力在饲料粮,破解粮食安全的重要潜力也在饲料粮。饲料资源短缺、人畜争粮矛盾日益加剧。开发非粮饲料资源和提高饲料养分利用率是缓解我国粮食安全矛盾的重大战略需求。自1864年Henneberg与Stohmann首倡的概略成分分... 详细信息

我国粮食安全主要压力在饲料粮,破解粮食安全的重要潜力也在饲料粮。饲料资源短缺、人畜争粮矛盾日益加剧。开发非粮饲料资源和提高饲料养分利用率是缓解我国粮食安全矛盾的重大战略需求。自1864年Henneberg与Stohmann首倡的概略成分分析方法以来,饲料养分的测试方法已沿用一个半世纪,基本保持原体系未变。而针对饲料原料碳水化合物组分的复杂性和多样性,其分析方法和分析层次从Weende proximate粗纤维(概略养分分析)——van Soest洗涤纤维(范式洗涤纤维法)——总饲粮纤维法不断地演进。饲粮纤维黏性、溶解性和持水力等理化特性限制了本身以及饲粮中其它养分被单胃动物消化、吸收和利用,其抗营养作用受到饲粮结构、畜禽品种、生理阶段、环境条件等种种复杂因素的影响,同时饲粮纤维的分解产物具有重要的营养健康功能。因此,剖析饲粮碳水化合物组分和解析饲粮纤维对养分消化、吸收、利用规律至关重要。本文从饲粮纤维的定义和内涵入手,剖析饲粮碳水化合物组分的分析方法和层次的演进,分析饲粮纤维的物理化学特性及其抗营养机制,总结饲粮纤维在猪消化道利用特点,其中侧重分析了饲粮纤维水平和类型对猪饲粮能量、蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪等主要养分消化率的影响规律,并对其影响的机理做出相应的阐述,旨在为非粮饲料资源开发与饲粮纤维高效利用提供重要参考。

关键词：饲粮纤维养分消化率饲料猪

外源蛋白酶对猪、鸡生长性能、养分消化率、健康以及环境排放的影响

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动物营养学报 2018年第3期30卷 848-856页

作者：张立兰陈玉霞钟儒清陈亮中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所动物营养学国家重点实验室北京100193

外源蛋白酶因可改善畜禽生长性能和健康,提高蛋白质、氨基酸等养分的消化率和节约饲料资源等特点而备受关注。外源蛋白酶对猪、鸡生长性能、养分消化率和健康受动物的年龄、饲粮类型、酶自身特性等因素的影响。本文概述了蛋白酶的分类... 详细信息

外源蛋白酶因可改善畜禽生长性能和健康,提高蛋白质、氨基酸等养分的消化率和节约饲料资源等特点而备受关注。外源蛋白酶对猪、鸡生长性能、养分消化率和健康受动物的年龄、饲粮类型、酶自身特性等因素的影响。本文概述了蛋白酶的分类、酶活性测定方法及其功能,侧重分析了外源蛋白酶对猪、鸡生长性能、养分消化率和健康等方面的影响,并讨论了添加外源蛋白酶对猪、鸡生产中环境排放的影响作用,以期为外源蛋白酶在畜禽养殖中的高效使用提供理论依据。

关键词：外源蛋白酶生长性能养分消化率动物健康环境排放

跨代饲喂转maroACC基因玉米对子代蛋鸡肠道发育和形态的影响

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饲料工业 2018年第18期39卷 34-39页

作者：张立兰钟儒清陈亮张宏福中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所动物营养学国家重点实验室

研究旨在探究长期、跨代饲喂转maroACC基因玉米对子代蛋鸡肠道发育和形态的影响。选用48只50周龄的产蛋母鸡随机分为2个处理组,分别饲喂同源非转基因玉米饲粮(CT)和转maroACC基因玉米饲粮(CC),连续饲喂12周后,通过人工授精、孵化得到子... 详细信息

研究旨在探究长期、跨代饲喂转maroACC基因玉米对子代蛋鸡肠道发育和形态的影响。选用48只50周龄的产蛋母鸡随机分为2个处理组,分别饲喂同源非转基因玉米饲粮(CT)和转maroACC基因玉米饲粮(CC),连续饲喂12周后,通过人工授精、孵化得到子代蛋鸡。子代鸡根据亲代的分组分为2个饲粮处理组:亲代饲喂CT玉米/子代饲喂CT玉米(CT-CT);亲代饲喂CC玉米/子代饲喂CC玉米(CC-CC)。子代公鸡(6个重复/处理,6只鸡/重复;饲喂32周)和母鸡(8个重复/处理,3只鸡/重复;饲喂36周)分开饲养。试验结束后,每个重复随机选择一只子代蛋鸡(6只公鸡/处理和8只母鸡/处理)分别屠宰取样,测定子代母鸡和公鸡的肠道长度和肠道组织形态等指标,并计算体重校正长度。结果显示:(1)与CT-CT组相比,CC-CC组子代母鸡小肠总长、大肠总长以及肠道总长的绝对长度和体重校正长度均没有显著差异;小肠各段绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度等指标均没有显著差异。(2)与CT-CT组相比,CC-CC组子代公鸡小肠总长、大肠总长以及肠道总长的绝对长度和体重校正长度没有显著差异;小肠各段绒毛高度、隐窝深度以及绒毛高度/隐窝深度等指标均没有显著差异。(3)子代母鸡和公鸡小肠各段切片未见明显的病理变化。由此可见,跨代饲喂转maroACC基因玉米未发现对子代蛋鸡肠道发育和形态有显著不良影响。

关键词：转基因玉米长期跨代效应纯系蛋鸡肠道发育小肠绒毛