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Stepped-up development of accelerator mass spectrometry method for the detection of ^(60)Fe with the HI-13 tandem accelerator

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第4期35卷 136-143页

作者： Yang Zhang Sheng-Quan Yan Ming He Qing-Zhang Zhao Wen-Hui Zhang Chao-Xin Kan Jian-Ming Zhou Kang-Ning Li Xiao-Fei Wang Jian-Cheng liu Zhao-Hua Peng Zhuo Liang Ai-Ling Li Jian Zheng Qi-Wen Fan Yun-Ju Li You-Bao Wang Zhi-Hong Li Yang-Ping Shen Ding Nan Wei Nan Yu-Qiang Zhang Jia-Ying-Hao Li Jun-Wen Tian Jiang-Lin Hou Chang-Xin Guo Zhi-Cheng Zhang Ming-Hao Zhu Yu-Wen Chen Yu-Chen Jiang Tao Tian Jin-long Ma Yi-Hui liu Jing-Yu Dong run-long liu Mei-Yue-Nan Ma Yong-Shou Chen Wei-Ping liu Bing Guo China Institute of Atomic Energy P.O.Box 275(10)Beijing 102413China College of Science Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China School of Physics Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

The Moon provides a unique environment for investigating nearby astrophysical events such as *** samples retain valuable information from these events,via detectable long-lived“fingerprint”radionuclides such as^(60)*** this work,we stepped up the development of an accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS)method for detecting^(60)Fe using the HI-13tandem accelerator at the China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE).Since interferences could not be sufficiently removed solely with the existing magnetic systems of the tandem accelerator and the following Q3D magnetic spectrograph,a Wien filter with a maximum voltage of±60 kV and a maximum magnetic field of 0.3 T was installed after the accelerator magnetic systems to lower the detection background for the low abundance nuclide^(60)Fe.A 1μm thick Si_(3)N_(4) foil was installed in front of the Q3D as an energy *** particle detection,a multi-anode gas ionization chamber was mounted at the center of the focal plane of the ***,an^(60)Fe sample with an abundance of 1.125×10^(-10)was used to test the new AMS *** results indicate that^(60)Fe can be clearly distinguished from the isobar^(60)*** sensitivity was assessed to be better than 4.3×10^(-14)based on blank sample measurements lasting 5.8 h,and the sensitivity could,in principle,be expected to be approximately 2.5×10^(-15)when the data were accumulated for 100 h,which is feasible for future lunar sample measurements because the main contaminants were sufficiently separated.

关键词： Accelerator mass spectrometry Wien filter Isobar separation Supernovae Chang'e-5 lunar samples

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Lignin-reinforced PVDF electrolyte for dendrite-free quasi-solid-state Li metal battery

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 1006-1016页

作者： Xin-Yang Chen Xue-Jie Gao Han-Yan Wu Yu-long liu Xiao-Fei Yang run-Cang Sun Center for Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials College of Light Industry and Chemical EngineeringDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian116034China Division of Energy Storage Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023China School of Chemistry Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China

Quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries(QSSLMBs)assembled with polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)are a promising class of next-generation rechargeable batteries due to their safety,high energy density,and superior interfacial ***,PVDF has a series of inherent drawbacks such as low ionic conductivity,ease of crystallization,and hydrophobic character that leading to poor cell *** tackle these issues,a lignin-reinforced PVDF electrolyte is proposed in this work to solve these drawbacks of PVDF and enhance the comprehensive performance of *** lithophilic polar groups of lignin can promote uniform deposition of Li on the *** with the improved mechanical properties can efficiently prevent Li dendrites penetration through the *** addition,more active sites provided by lignin can also enhance Li^(+)transport and lead to a faster electrochemical reaction *** from the ingenious design,Li symmetric cells with 5%lignin-PVDF quasi-solid-state electrolyte can operate for 900 h at a high current density/capacity of 5 mA·cm^(-2)/5 mAh·cm^(-2),while shortcircuiting occurs after 56 h for the counterpart(pure PVDF).Moreover,a full cell of Li/5%lignin-PVDF/LFP cell demonstrates a high capacity of 96.2 mAh·g^(-1)after 2000 cycles at 10 *** work is expected to open up promising opportunities to develop other high-energy/power-density QSSLMBs.

关键词： Quasi-solid-state electrolyte Lignin PVDF Dendrite-free Li metal battery

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Influence of Incomplete Soil Plugs on Bearing Capacities of Bucket Foundations in Clay

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第1期38卷 144-155页

作者： LI Hui-shan liu run YANG Xu LIAN Ji-jian State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China School of Civil Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Institute of Marine Energy and Intelligent Construction Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China

Due to the uneven seabed and heaving of soil during pumping,incomplete soil plugs may occur during the installation of bucket foundations,and the impacts on the bearing capacities of bucket foundations need to be *** this paper,the contact ratio(the ratio of the top diameter of the soil plug to the diameter of the bucket)and the soil plug ratio(the ratio of the soil heave height to the skirt height)are defined to describe the shape and size of the incomplete soil ***,finite element models are established to investigate the bearing capacities of bucket foundations with incomplete soil plugs and the influences of the contact ratios,and the soil plug ratios on the bearing capacities are *** results show that the vertical bearing capacity of bucket foundations in homogeneous soil continuously improves with the increase of the contact ***,in normally consolidated soil,the vertical bearing capacity barely changes when the contact ratio is smaller than 0.75,while the bearing capacity suddenly increases when the contact ratio increases to 1 due to the change of failure *** contact ratio hardly affects the horizontal bearing capacity of bucket ***,the moment bearing capacity improves with the increase of the contact ratio for small aspect ratios,but hardly varies with increasing contact ratio for aspect ratios larger than ***,the reduction coefficient method is proposed based on this analysis to calculate the bearing capacities of bucket foundations considering the influence of incomplete soil *** comparison results show that the proposed reduction coefficient method can be used to evaluate the influences of incomplete soil plug on the bearing capacities of bucket foundations.

关键词： bucket foundation incomplete soil plug uniaxial bearing capacity contact ratio soil plug ratio

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Integrating machine learning and genome editing for crop improvement

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aBIOTECH 2024年第2期5卷 262-277页

作者： long Chen Guanqing liu Tao Zhang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education Agricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Genome editing is a promising technique that has been broadly utilized for basic gene function studies and trait ***,the exponential growth of computational power and big data now promote the application of machine learning for biological *** this regard,machine learning shows great potential in the refinement of genome editing systems and crop ***,we review the advances of machine learning to genome editing optimization,with emphasis placed on editing efficiency and specificity ***,we demonstrate how machine learning bridges genome editing and crop breeding,by accurate key site detection and guide RNA ***,we discuss the current challenges and prospects of these two techniques in crop *** integrating advanced genome editing techniques with machine learning,progress in crop breeding will be further accelerated in the future.

关键词： Machine learning Genome editing Crop improvement Molecular design breeding

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Double-confined nanoheterostructure Sb/Sb_(2)S_(3)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@C toward ultra-stable Li-/Na-ion batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第5期43卷 2067-2079页

作者： Dan Wang Qun Ma Huan He Zhi-Yuan Wang run-Guo Zheng Hong-Yu Sun Yan-Guo liu Chun-Li liu School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819China School of Resources and Materials Northeastern University at QinhuangdaoQinhuangdao 066004China Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province Qinhuangdao 066004China Department of Physics and Oxide Research Center Hankuk University of Foreign StudiesYongin 17035Korea

Antimony-based materials with high capacities and moderate potentials are promising anodes for lithium-/-sodium-ion ***,their tremendous volume expansion and inferior conductivity lead to poor structural stability and sluggish reaction ***,a doubleconfined nanoheterostructure Sb/Sb_(2)S_(3)@Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@C has been fabricated through a solvothermal method followed by low-temperature heat *** dual protection of“MXene”and“carbon”can better accommodate the volume expansion of Sb/Sb_(2)S_(3).The strong covalent bond(Ti-S,Ti-O-Sb,C-O-Sb)can firmly integrate Sb-based material with Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)and carbon,which significantly improves the structure *** addition,the carbon layer can restrain the oxidation of MXenes,and the nano-Sb/Sb_(2)S_(3)can facilitate electron/ion transport and suppress the restacking of *** heterogeneous interface between Sb and Sb_(2)S_(3)can further promote interfacial charge *** MXene-Sb/Sb_(2)S_(3)@C-1 with the optimal Sb content shows high specific capacities,comparable rate properties and ultra-stable cycling performances(250 m Ah·g^(-1)after 2500 cycles at 1 A·g^(-1)for sodium-ion batteries).Ex situ X-ray diffractometer(XRD)test reveals the storage mechanism including the conversion and alloying process of MXene-Sb/Sb_(2)S_(3)@*** voltammetry(CV)test results demonstrate that the pseudocapacitance behavior is dominant in MXene-Sb/Sb_(2)S_(3)@C-1,especially at large *** design paves the way for exploring high-performance alloy-based/conversion-type anode for energy storage devices.

关键词： Sb/Sb_(2)S_(3) MXene Carbon Anode Lithium-ion batteries Sodium-ion batteries

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Impacts of multi-foulings on salinity gradient energy conversion process in negatively charged conical nanochannels

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1714-1726页

作者： MAO RuiJie CHEN Xi ZHOU RuHong long Rui liu ZhiChun liu Wei School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China

Membrane fouling inevitably occurs during nanofluidic reverse ***,the impact of multi-fouling on the energy conversion performance of negatively charged conical nanochannels under asymmetrical configurations is systematically *** results reveal that in Configuration I,where a high-concentration solution is applied at the tip side,at small concentration ratios,multiple foulings reduce the electric *** Configuration II,where a low-concentration solution is applied at the tip side,multiple foulings near the base side contribute to the electric *** fouling that formed near the lowconcentration entrance diminished the electric power and energy conversion ***-fouling lowered the electrical power consumption by 69.27%and 99.94%in Configurations I and II,*** Configuration I,the electric power first increased with increasing fouling surface charge density,reached its maximum value,and thereafter *** Configuration II,the electric power first decreased with increasing fouling surface charge density,reached its minimum value,and thereafter *** negative or positive charge densities of fouling contribute to the electric power and energy conversion efficiency.

关键词： conical nanochannel fouling nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis salinity gradient energy

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Enhanced Grain Refining Effect of Mg–Zr Master Alloy on Magnesium Alloys via a Synergistic Strategy Involving Heterogeneous Nucleation and Solute‑Driven Growth Restriction

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第8期37卷 1354-1366页

作者： Gang Zeng Hong liu Jing‑Peng Xiong Jian‑long Li Yong liu Key Laboratory of Lightweight and High Strength Structural Materials of Jiangxi Province School of Advanced ManufacturingNanchang UniversityNanchang 330031China

Zirconium(Zr)emerges as the most effective grain refiner for magnesium(Mg)alloys incorporating ***,Zr is introduced in the form of an Mg–Zr master ***,within Mg–Zr master alloys,Zr predominantly exists in a particle form,which tends to aggregate due to attractive van der Waals *** clustered Zr is prone to settling,thereby reducing its refining impact on Mg *** this work,a combined pretreatment process for Mg–Zr master alloys was proposed,encompassing the introduction of a physical field to intervene the agglomeration of particle Zr and the employ of high-temperature dissolution and peritectic reactions to promote the solid solution of *** results demonstrate that the particle Zr within the pretreated Mg–Zr master alloy is effectively dispersed and refined,and greater solute Zr levels can be *** subsequent grain refinement ability was studied on a typical Mg–6Zn–0.6Zr(wt%)*** outcome highlights that an improvement in the grain refinement efficacy(32.4%)of Mg–Zr master alloys was obtained with a holding time of 60 *** pretreated Mg–Zr master alloy significantly augments the efficiency of grain refinement for Mg alloys through a synergistic strategy involving heterogeneous nucleation and solute-driven growth *** crucial factor in achieving effective grain refinement of Zr in Mg alloys lies in regulating the presence and morphology of Zr in the Mg–Zr master alloy,distinguishing between particle Zr and solute *** study introduces a novel method for developing more efficient Mg–Zr refiners.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Mg-Zr master alloy Grain refinement Heterogeneous nucleation Solute-driven growth restriction Synergistic strategy

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Hydrometallurgical recovery of lithium carbonate and iron phosphate from blended cathode materials of spent lithium-ion battery

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 1275-1287页

作者： Shao-Le Song run-Qing liu Miao-Miao Sun Ai-Gang Zhen Fan-Zhen Kong Yue Yang School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083China Zhejiang Tianneng New Materials Co. Ltd.Huzhou313103China

The recycling of cathode materials from spent lithium-ion battery has attracted extensive attention,but few research have focused on spent blended cathode *** reality,the blended materials of lithium iron phosphate and ternary are widely used in electric vehicles,so it is critical to design an effective recycling *** this study,an efficient method for recovering Li and Fe from the blended cathode materials of spent LiFePO_(4)and LiNi_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(1-x-y)O_(2)batteries is ***,87%A1 was removed by alkali ***,91.65%Li,72.08%Ni,64.6%Co and 71.66%Mn were further separated by selective leaching with H_(2)SO_(4)and H_(2)O_(2).Li,Ni,Co and Mn in solution were recovered in the form of Li_(2)CO_(3)and hydroxide ***,98.38%Fe was leached from the residue by two stage process,and it is recovered as FePO_(4)·2H_(2)O with a purity of 99.5%by *** and P were present in FePO_(4)·2H_(2)O in amounts of 28.34%and 15.98%,***,the drift and control of various components were discussed,and cost-benefit analysis was used to assess the feasibility of potential application.

关键词： Spent lithium-ion battery Blended cathode materials Recovery Lithium carbonate Iron phosphate

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Structure engineering of cathode host materials for Li-S batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1370-1389页

作者： Jia-Jun long Hua Yu Wen-Bo liu School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China School of Mechanical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

Although lithium-sulfur batteries are one of the favorable candidates for next-generation energy storage devices,a few key challenges that have not been addressed have limited its *** challenges include lithium dendrite growth in the anode side,volume change of the active material,poor electrical conductivity,dissolution and migration of poly sulfides,and slow rate of solid-state reactions in the cathode *** the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries is greatly affected by the design of the cathode host material,it has also been widely discussed in addressing the abovementioned *** this paper,three design ideas of cathode host materials in terms of microstructure,crystal structure and electronic structure are introduced and ***,the current progress of these three structural design strategies and their effects on the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries are discussed in ***,future directions in the structural design of cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries are discussed and further perspectives are provided.

关键词： Lithium-sulfur batteries Structure engineering Cathode Host materials

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Design Strategies for Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries with High Zinc Utilization: From Metal Anodes to Anode-Free Structures

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第4期16卷 305-349页

作者： Xianfu Zhang long Zhang Xinyuan Jia Wen Song Yongchang liu School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing30 College RoadBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Institute for Advanced Materials and TechnologyState Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China

Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage due to the excellent safety, environmental friendliness, natural abundance, high theoretical specific capacity, and low redox potential of zinc(Zn) metal. However,several issues such as dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and passivation of Zn metal anodes cause irreversible loss of the active materials. To solve these issues, researchers often use large amounts of excess Zn to ensure a continuous supply of active materials for Zn anodes. This leads to the ultralow utilization of Zn anodes and squanders the high energy density of AZMBs. Herein, the design strategies for AZMBs with high Zn utilization are discussed in depth, from utilizing thinner Zn foils to constructing anode-free structures with theoretical Zn utilization of 100%, which provides comprehensive guidelines for further research. Representative methods for calculating the depth of discharge of Zn anodes with different structures are first summarized. The reasonable modification strategies of Zn foil anodes, current collectors with pre-deposited Zn, and anode-free aqueous Zn metal batteries(AF-AZMBs) to improve Zn utilization are then detailed. In particular, the working mechanism of AF-AZMBs is systematically introduced. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for constructing high-utilization Zn anodes are presented.

关键词： Aqueous zinc metal batteries Zinc anodes High zinc utilization Depth of discharge Anode-free structures

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