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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第7期23卷 1135-1142页

作者： rukhsana satarn Qayyum Husai Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Life Sciences Aligarh Muslim University Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Jazan University Jazan

Calcium-alginate pectin entrapped bitter gourd peroxidase （BGP） has been employed for the treatment of disperse dyes： Disperse Brown 1 （DB 1） and Disperse Red 17 （DR 17）. Peroxidase alone was unable to decolorize DR 17 and DB 1. However, the investigated dyes were decolorized maximally by BGP in the presence of 0.2 mmol/L redox mediator, violuric acid （VA）. A slow decrease in percent decolorization was observed when VA concentration was higher than 0.2 mmol/L which could likely be due to the high reactivity of its aminoxyl radical （ N–O . ） intermediate, that might undergo chemical reactions with aromatic amino acid side chains of the enzyme thereby inactivating it. Maximum decolorization of the dyes was observed at pH 3.0 and 40°C within 2 hr of incubation. Immobilized peroxidase decolorized 98% DR 17 and 71% DB 1 using 35 U of BGP in batch process in 90 min. Immobilized enzyme decolorized 85% DR 17 and 51% DB 1 whereas soluble enzyme decolorized DR 17 to 48% and DB 1 to 30% at 60°C. UV-visible spectral analysis was used to evaluate the degradation of these dyes and their toxicity was tested by Allium cepa test. The generally observed higher stability of the bioaffinity bound enzymes against various forms of inactivation may be related to the specific and strong binding of enzyme with bioaffinity support which prevents the unfolding/denaturation of enzyme. Thus entrapped peroxidase was found to be effective in the decolorization of the investigated dyes.

关键词： bitter gourd peroxidise (BGP) alginate pectin decolorization disperse dyes

Assessing tourism sustainability in hill towns:Case study of Shimla,India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第9期17卷 2241-2261页

作者： rukhsana N.BADAR Sarika P.BAHADURE Department of Architecture and Planning Visvesvaraya National Institute of TechnologySouth Ambazari RoadNagpur 440010MaharashtraIndia

Hill towns form a popular niche in tourism *** are renowned for their natural beauty and distinctive cultural *** development can lead to a loss in opportunity to access the potential of these resources or cause their *** decisions need to adopt a sustainable approach that balances tourism growth with the preservation of the natural and cultural *** present research details a comprehensive assessment tool to study the sustainability of tourism in hill towns with a focus on Shimla,a popular hill destination in *** tool specifies seven dimensions of sustainable tourism;1)Tourism Assets;2)Tourism Activity;3)Tourism Related Linkages;4)Tourism Related Leakages;5)Environmental and Social Sustainability;6)Infrastructure;and 7)*** data were collected through questionnaire surveys of local households and arriving *** survey is conducted to map built-environment and *** data were gathered from government reports and scholarly articles.A framework of indicators and sub-indicators was developed to analyze the data at two levels–city and *** the appraisal of the city provides an overall view of the performance of the tourism industry,at the ward level a comparative analysis was carried out to reveal sector related potentials and *** study reveals the imbalanced tourismconcentration in the core of the city as compared to other wards and the gap between tourist potential and infrastructure *** are addressed through planning recommendations for more balanced development with a focus on *** research helps develop a framework which paves way to sustainable tourism development in Indian hill towns.

关键词： Sustainable tourism Hill towns Tourism assets Tourism linkages Tourism leakages

Radiative properties of matter based on quantum statistical method

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第7期26卷 234-243页

作者： rukhsana Kouser G Tasneem Muhammad Saleem Shahzad S Sardar Amjad Ali M H Nasim M Salahuddin Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China

We present the preliminary results of our code OPAQS（opacity calculation using quantum statistical model） that is based on the self consistent Hartree-Fock-Slater model for the average atom. The code is capable of performing robust calculations of average charge state, frequency-dependent and mean opacities. The accuracy of the atomic model is verified by comparing the calculations of average charge state with various published results. The monochromatic opacities for iron computed at different sets of temperatures and densities are compared with LEDCOP. The Rosseland and Planck opacities for iron and aluminum are validated with some state-of-the-art codes. The results are in good agreement with the published data.

关键词： self-consistent average atom model average ionization state Rosseland opacity Planck opacity

Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan and Chitosan/corn Starch Based Biodegradable Film Reinforced with Refined Bamboo Cellulose Powder

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Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan and Chitosan/co...

作者： MOST ZUBAIDA rukhsana USHA 厦门大学

学位级别：硕士

几十年来,不可降解的石油基薄膜制品一直占据着市场主导地位,从而给环境和生态带来了巨大的压力。近年来,多糖类的可降解薄膜一直是研究热点。壳聚糖和玉米淀粉这类天然生物聚合物,因具有半结晶结构、良好的成膜性和易得性,己经得到了... 详细信息

几十年来,不可降解的石油基薄膜制品一直占据着市场主导地位,从而给环境和生态带来了巨大的压力。近年来,多糖类的可降解薄膜一直是研究热点。壳聚糖和玉米淀粉这类天然生物聚合物,因具有半结晶结构、良好的成膜性和易得性,己经得到了广泛使用。目前,由壳聚糖和玉米淀粉制成的活性包装薄膜已经被大量应用在食品行业等领域中。但由于多糖性能受限,导致这类薄膜没有良好的实用性能。想要薄膜同时具备防水和良好的力学性能,往往要依赖辅助材料的材料的添加。然而,多种辅助材料的添加直接导致了薄膜的成本过高。而竹子作为天然植物,不仅价格低廉,纤维韧性大,而且容易获得。在对竹子所进行的一系列广泛研究中,本文特别关注了其天然抗菌剂竹醌,并成功制备了纳米级竹纤维,将其添加到了壳聚糖-玉米淀粉复合薄膜中,研了不同比例的纳米竹纤维所带来的影响,并对所得的薄膜进行了一系列的表征。首先,通过单因素影响实验,选定了基本的成膜材料。除了壳聚糖和玉米淀粉外,还选用了聚乙烯醇和甘油作为增塑剂。在成功使用流延法制备薄膜后,进行了一系列正交测试,确定了每项材料的最优添加比例和浓度。其次,通过碱液腐蚀、双氧水氧化等表面处理后,制备了竹纤维增强材料—纳米竹纤维素粉(RBCP)。经过共混后,发现纳米竹纤维可以很好的溶解在成膜液中。借助FTIR、XRD和SEM表征并研究了不同比例的RBCP溶液给壳聚糖膜和壳聚糖-玉米淀粉混合膜所带来的结构及表观影响,结果表明在一定浓度范围内,纳米竹纤维表面裸露的-OH等官能团能够与壳聚糖中的-NH3基团和玉米淀粉中的-OH基团形成缔合,有效的牵制了大分子链的滑动,缩小分子间空隙,从而增大了分子空间密度。机械测试和吸水性测试也证实了薄膜中分子链结构的改变而带来的补强作用。多次测试结果表明薄膜的机械性能得到了增强,而吸水率却得到了抑制,这符合实用要求。同时,对薄膜的包装活性和降解性也做了一系列测试。通过对红葡萄的2周包装测试,壳聚糖-竹纤维膜和壳聚糖-玉米淀粉-竹纤维薄膜显示出了更好的结果。除了壳聚糖本身所具有的抗菌性,这可能是因为竹纤维也具有良好的抑菌活性,从而使得薄膜的保鲜效果得到了增强。纳米级竹纤维材料的加入改善了壳聚糖和壳聚糖-玉米淀粉膜的机械和物理性质,并且这些膜可作为活性包装材料,用来储存红葡萄等水果,并延长其保质期。

关键词：壳聚糖玉米淀粉可生物降解精制竹纤维素粉活性包装材料

Ion population fraction calculations using improved screened hydrogenic model with l-splitting

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第10期27卷 424-432页

作者： Amjad Ali G Shabbir Naz rukhsana Kouser Ghazala Tasneem M Saleem Shahzad Aman-ur-Rehman M H Nasim Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics Pakistan Institute of Engineeringand Applied Sciences Department of Nuclear Engineering Pakistan Institute of Engineeringand Applied Sciences

Ion population fraction（IPF） calculations are very important to understand the radiative spectrum emitted from the hot dense matter. IPF calculations require detailed knowledge of all the ions and correlation interactions between the electrons of an ion which are present in a plasma environment. The average atom models, e.g., screened hydrogenic model with l-splitting（SHML）, now have the capabilities for such calculations and are becoming more popular for in line plasma calculations. In our previous work [Ali A, Shabbir Naz G, Shahzad M S, Kouser R, Rehman A and Nasim M H 2018 High Energy Density Phys. 26 48], we have improved the continuum lowering model and included the exchange and correlation effects in SHML. This study presents the calculation of IPF using classical theory of fluctuation for our improved screened hydrogenic model with l-splitting（I-SHML） under local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions for iron and aluminum plasma over a wide range of densities and temperatures. We have compared our results with other models and have found a very good agreement among them.

关键词： self-consistent average atom model average ionization state ion population

Effect of radiation on compressibility of hot dense sodium and iron plasma using improved screened hydrogenic model with𝑙splitting

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第3期30卷 225-236页

作者： Amjad Ali G Shabbir Naz rukhsana Kouser Ghazala Tasneem M Saleem Shahzad Aman-ur-Rehman M H Nasim Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied SciencesIslamabad 45650Pakistan Department of Nuclear Engineering Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied SciencesIslamabad 45650Pakistan

High pressure investigations of matter involve the study of strong shock wave dynamics within the materials which gives rise to many thermal effects leading to dissociation of molecules,ionization of atoms,and radiation emission,*** response of materials experiencing a strong shock can be determined by its shock Hugoniot calculations which are frequently applied in numerical and experimental studies in inertial confinement fusion,laboratory astrophysical plasma,*** studies involve high energy density plasmas in which the radiation plays an important role in determining the energy deposition and maximum compressibility achieved by the shock within *** this study,we present an investigation for the effect of radiation pressure on the maximum compressibility of the material using shock Hugoniot *** shock Hugoniot calculations,an equation of state(EOS)is developed in which electronic contributions for EOS calculations are taken from an improved screened hydrogenic model with−l splitting(I-SHML)[High Energy Density Physics(2018)2648]under local thermodynamic equilibrium(LTE)*** thermal ionic part calculations are adopted from the state of the art Cowan model while the cold ionic contributions are adopted from the scaled binding energy *** Shock Hugoniot calculations are carried out for sodium and iron plasmas and our calculated results show excellent agreement with published results obtained by using either sophisticated self-consistent models or the first principle study.

关键词： self-consistent-field methods thermodynamics of plasmas average atom model shock Hugoniot calculation

Effects of Replacing Fishmeal with Animal By-products Meal Supplementation in Diets on the Growth and Nutrient Utilization of Mangrove Red Snapper

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2007年第3期6卷 292-298页

作者： Khalid Jamil Ghulam Abbas rukhsana Akhtar LIN Hong LI Zhenxing Food and Marine Resource Centre Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex Karachi Pakistan Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology University of Karachi Karach# 7 5270 Pakistan Division of Life Science and Technology Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 P. R. China

A feeding trial was conducted for 75 d to evaluate the nutritive value of a mixture of animal by-products （MAB） as a possible protein source in diets for juvenile mangrove red snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus （mean initial body weight, 30 g）. Fish were fed one of five isonitrogenous diets （40% crude protein） replacing 0, 25% （MAB25）, 50% （MAB50）, 75% （MAB75） and 100% （MAB100） of fish meal protein with similar percentages of MAB. The MAB consisted of 25% cow liver meal, 20% leather meal, 20% meat and bone meal, 15% blood meal, 10% APC （poultry feather meal）, 8% poultry manure dried, 1.5% choline and 0.5% chromic oxide. After 75 d of feeding, fish fed with diets MAB50, MAB75 and MABI00 exhibited significantly lower growth performance than that of fish fed with control and MAB25 diets. The optimum level of MAB was estimated to be 23%. Replacement of fish meal by MAB23% showed the following performance： maximum weight gain, 510%; SGR, 2.39% and FCE, 2.83%. The MAB substitution up to 75% of fish meal protein in diets did not show differences in apparent protein digestibility （83.6% for MAB25, 79.2% for MAB50, 78.7% for MAB75） compared with control （83.4%）, whereas in MABI00 group digestibility （65.3%） was significantly lower than in other groups. The apparent phosphorus absorption of test diet groups was significantly higher （37.1% for MAB25, 28.5% for MABS0, 55.6% for MAB75 and 54.5% for MABI00） than that of control （1 1.2%）. The levels of protein and ash in the whole body, carcass and viscera increased as MAB substitution in diets increased, whereas lipids and moisture remained consistent among all treatment groups. These results showed that approximately 23% of fish meal protein could be replaced by a mixture of animal by-products for juvenile snapper growing from 30 g to 167 g in 75 d without compromising growth performance and feed efficiency.

关键词： mangrove red snapper animal by-product growth body composition energy retention Lutjanus argentimaculatus

The ＂Mother Complex＂ of Martha Quest

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2014年第10期4卷 810-816页

作者： rukhsana Rahim Chowdhury BRAC University Dhaka Bangladesh

Human experience can best be understood in the framework of collective social relations. Like any other tie, the mother-daughter relationship is forged not in isolation but informed by cultural, historical, and social values, circumstances, and practices. The twentieth century has witnessed the greatest changes in world history. As an outcome of the noticeable shift in gender ideologies in the last half of that century, modern mothers and daughters struggled to experience a union, a bond, an understanding of themselves and the world around them. Clash of tradition and modernity in ideals and mores can be held accountable for the consequential neurotic development of the psyche in twentieth century mothers and daughters. Doris Lessing＇s writings reflect the way in which these complex changes in society affect family relationships. Her first novel of the Children of Violence series, Martha Quest, is an apt study of a mother and her daughter＇s struggle with their newly defined roles in society. This paper will seek to examine the conflicts that are encountered in the wake of such adjustments by contemporary mothers and daughters. In order to do so, the study will focus on an exploration of the kind of issues that Martha Quest and May Quest experience in Lessing＇s Martha Quest through approaches available in works by Carl Jung on his theory of the ＂mother complex＂.

关键词： gender roles "mother complex" resistance psychic dilemmas Matrophobia motherhood

Reading Dickens Romantically：＂Night Walks＂

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2014年第6期4卷 436-441页

作者： rukhsana Rahim Chowdhury BRAC University Dhaka Bangladesh

This paper will examine the essay, ＂Night Walks＂（2000）, to see how Charles Dickens （1812-1870）, a social-realist writer of the Victorian era, has used elements adapted from the Romantics in order to draw attention to the pitiable social conditions of Victorian London. Dickens＇ the realist paradoxically reflected a readiness to think and feel ＂without immediate external excitement＂. He expressed his alignment with Romanticism by way of a cultivation of feeling and empathizing. His genius was, as expressed by Bagehot, ＂essentially irregular and unsymmetrical＂ because he was ＂utterly deficient in the faculty of reasoning＂. His daily, or rather nightly walks provided him with the inspiration to follow the Romantic tradition of writing on walks. The essay under consideration, ＂Night Walks＂, clearly supports the notion that Romanticism was fallaciously opposed to realism. The paper will examine the ways in which the theme, style, and structure of the essay evoke the preoccupation of a Romantic soul--for whom the walk becomes a space for ＂encounter and reflection＂--and the Romantic mind which is empowered by ＂imaginative self definition or discovery＂.

关键词： Romanticism imagination isolation self-knowledge human-mind

Perceptions and experiences of female burn survivors with facial disfigurement

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2021年第1期24卷 53-56页

作者： Zainab Habib rukhsana Saddul Fatima Kamran Institute of Applied Psychology University of PunjabLahore54590Pakistan Government College for Women University Sialkot51310Pakistan

Purpose This study aimed at exploring the perceptions and experiences of female burn survivors with facial disfigurement in *** Two different quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted,of which the data were collected from 100 burn patients.A pilot interview protocol was *** indepth interview of five female burn survivors with facial disfigurement was taken in Lahore,*** transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis and four major themes were identified,respectively physical appearance,posttraumatic growth,relationships and coping *** Thematic analysis reflected differences in attributional style,perceptions and individual experiences of female burn survivors with facial *** study showed the importance of physical appearance for different burn survivors and how their life had changed after suffering from a burn *** It could be easy to have a positive outlook towards life and accept visible differences post injury for the burn survivors,who are grateful for life,get a strong family support and have available *** the contrary,with low self-esteem,lack of a family support and available resources,patients would be dissatisfied with their life.

关键词： Burn injury Facial disfigurement Quality of life Physical appearance Coping