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Advances in bio-inspired electrocatalysts for clean energy future

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 515-533页

作者： Jing-w.n Duan Mu Min-rui Gao Division of Nanomaterials&Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Electrocatalysis can enable efficient energy storage and conversion and thus is an effective w.y to achieve carbon *** unique structure and function of organisms can offer many ideas for the design of electrocatalysts,w.ich has become one of the most promising research ***,the understanding of the mechanism of bio-inspired electrocatalysis has become clearer,w.ich has promoted the design of bio-inspired catalysts and catalytic *** bio-inspired catalysts(enzyme-like catalysts,layered porous catalysts,superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces,and so on)have been developed to enable efficient electrocatalytic ***,w. discuss the key advances in the field of bio-inspired electrocatalysts progressed in recent ***,the role of bio-inspiration in increasing the intrinsic activity and number of active sites of catalysts is ***,the structure and mechanism of layered porous catalytic systems that mimic biological transport systems are comprehensively ***,the design of three-phase interfaces from micro-nanoscale to atomic scale is highlighted,including the w.ttability of the electrode surface and the transport system near the *** conclude the review.by identifying challenges in bio-inspired electrocatalysts and providing insights into future prospects for the exciting research field.

关键词： bio-inspired electrocatalysts active sites layered porous structure three-phase interface

Plasma-assisted ammonia synthesis under mild conditions for hydrogen and electricity storage:Mechanisms,pathw.ys,and application prospects

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第4期18卷 418-435页

作者： Feng GONG Yuhang JING rui XIAO Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Process Measurement and Control of the Ministry of Education School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China

Ammonia,w.th its high hydrogen storage density of 17.7 w..%(mass fraction),cleanliness,efficiency,and renew.bility,presents itself as a promising zero-carbon ***,the traditional Haber−Bosch(H−B)process for ammonia synthesis necessitates high temperature and pressure,resulting in over 420 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions annually,and relies on fossil fuel *** contrast,dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma-assisted ammonia synthesis operates at low.temperatures and atmospheric pressures,utilizing nitrogen and hydrogen radicals excited by energetic electrons,offering a potential alternative to the H−B *** method can be effectively coupled w.th renew.ble energy sources(such as solar and w.nd)for environmentally friendly,distributed,and efficient ammonia *** review.delves into a comprehensive analysis of the low.temperature DBD plasma-assisted ammonia synthesis technology at atmospheric pressure,covering the reaction pathw.y,mechanism,and catalyst system involved in plasma nitrogen *** from current research,it evaluates the economic feasibility of the DBD plasmaassisted ammonia synthesis technology,analyzes existing dilemmas and challenges,and provides insights and recommendations for the future of nonthermal plasma ammonia processes.

关键词： plasma catalysis nitrogen fixation ammonia synthesis hydrogen storage catalyst carbon neutralization

Novel method for extraction of ship target w.th overlaps in SAR image via EM algorithm

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2024年第4期35卷 874-887页

作者： CAO rui w.NG Yong School of Electronics and Information Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

The quality of synthetic aperture radar(SAR)image degrades in the case of multiple imaging projection planes(IPPs)and multiple overlapping ship targets,and then the performance of target classification and recognition can be *** addressing this issue,a method for extracting ship targets w.th overlaps via the expectation maximization(EM)algorithm is ***,the scatterers of ship targets are obtained via the target detection ***,the EM algorithm is applied to extract the scatterers of a single ship target w.th a single ***,a novel image amplitude estimation approach is pro-posed,w.th w.ich the radar image of a single target w.th a sin-gle IPP can be *** proposed method can accom-plish IPP selection and targets separation in the image domain,w.ich can improve the image quality and reserve the target information most *** of simulated and real mea-sured data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： expectation maximization(EM)algorithm image processing imaging projection plane(IPP) overlapping ship tar-get synthetic aperture radar(SAR)

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Deciphering and integrating invariants for neural operator learning w.th various physical mechanisms

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 111-122页

作者： rui Zhang Qi Meng Zhi-Ming Ma Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Microsoft Research

Neural operators have been explored as surrogate models for simulating physical systems to overcome the limitations of traditional partial differential equation(PDE) solvers. How.ver, most existing operator learning methods assume that the data originate from a single physical mechanism, limiting their applicability and performance in more realistic scenarios. To this end, w. propose the physical invariant attention neural operator(PIANO) to decipher and integrate the physical invariants for operator learning from the PDE series w.th various physical mechanisms. PIANO employs self-supervised learning to extract physical know.edge and attention mechanisms to integrate them into dynamic convolutional *** to existing techniques, PIANO can reduce the relative error by 13.6%–82.2% on PDE forecasting tasks across varying coefficients, forces or boundary conditions. Additionally, varied dow.stream tasks reveal that the PI embeddings deciphered by PIANO align w.ll w.th the underlying invariants in the PDE systems, verifying the physical significance of PIANO.

关键词： neural operator PDE solver contrastive learning physical invariants

The Role of Adipose Tissue-derived Exosomes in Chronic Metabolic Disorders

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Current Medical Science 2024年第3期44卷 463-474页

作者： rui HE Yong CHEN Division of Endocrinology Department of Internal MedicineTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China Laboratory of Endocrinology & Metabolism Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging of the Ministry of EducationTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases Wuhan430030China

Excessive fat deposition in obese subjects promotes the occurrence of metabolic diseases,such as type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),cardiovascular diseases,and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Adipose tissue is not only the main form of energy storage but also an endocrine organ that not only secretes adipocytokines but also releases many extracellular vesicles(EVs)that play a role in the regulation of w.ole-body *** are a subtype of EVs,and accumulating evidence indicates that adipose tissue exosomes(AT Exos)mediate crosstalk betw.en adipose tissue and multiple organs by being transferred to targeted cells or tissues through paracrine or endocrine ***,the roles of AT Exos in crosstalk w.th metabolic organs remain to be fully *** this review.w. summarize the latest research progress on the role of AT Exos in the regulation of metabolic ***,w. discuss the potential role of AT Exos as biomarkers in metabolic diseases and their clinical application.

关键词： exosome adipose tissue obesity diabetes chronic metabolic disorder miRNA

Understanding Bonding Nature of α-Keggin Polyoxometalates [Xw.2O40]n- (X = Al, Si, P, S): A Generalized Superatomic Perspective

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ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 2024年第6期7卷 176-183页

作者： Li, rui Shi, Yulei Yu, Famin w.ng, rui Yan, Haitao Teo, Boon K. w.ng, Zhigang Capital Normal Univ Dept Phys Beijing 100048 Peoples R China Jilin Univ Coll Phys Key Lab Mat Simulat Methods & Software Minist Educ Changchun 130012 Peoples R China Jilin Univ Inst Atom & Mol Phys Changchun 130012 Peoples R China Jilin Univ Inst Theoret Chem Coll Chem Changchun 130012 Peoples R China Xiamen Univ Coll Chem & Chem Engn State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces Xiamen 361005 Peoples R China

alpha-Keggin polyoxometalates (POMs) [Xw.2O40](n-) (X = Al, Si, P, S) are w.dely used in batteries ow.ng to their remarkable redox activity. How.ver, the mechanism underlying the applications appears inconsistent w.th the w.dely accepted covalent bonding nature. Here, first-principles calculations show.that Xw.2 are core-shell structures composed of a shell and an XO4n- core, both are stabilized by covalent interactions. Interestingly, ow.ng to the presence of a substantial number of electrons in w.2O36 shell, the frontier molecular orbitals of Xw.2 are not only strongly delocalized but also exhibit superatomic properties w.th high-angular momentum electrons that do not conform to the Jellium model. Detailed analysis indicates that energetically high lying filled molecular orbitals (MOs) have reached unusually high-angular momentum characterized by quantum number K or higher, allow.ng for the accommodation of numerous electrons. This attribute confers strong electron acceptor ability and redox activity to Xw.2. Moreover, electrons added to Xw.2 still occupy the K orbitals and w.ll not cause rearrangement of the MOs, thereby maintaining the stability of these structures. Our findings highlight the structure-activity relationship and provide a direction for tailor-made POMs w.th specific properties at atomic level.

关键词： first principles molecular orbital polyoxometalate redox activity superatom ELECTRONIC SHELL STRUCTURE CORRELATION-ENERGY BASIS-SET DENSITY STABILITY CHEMISTRY HETEROPOLYANIONS ORBITALS MODEL DFT

Cloud Microphysical Characteristics of Typhoon Meranti(2016)during Its Rapid Intensification:Model Validation and SST Sensitivity Experiments

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第3期38卷 542-557页

作者： rui w.NG Yihong DUAN Jianing FENG Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai200438China State Key Laboratory of Severe w.ather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China

Cloud microphysics plays an important role in determining the intensity and precipitation of tropical cyclones(TCs).In this study,a high-resolution numerical simulation by w.F(version 4.2)of Typhoon Meranti(2016)during its rapid intensification(RI)period w.s conducted and validated by multi-source observations including Cloud-Sat and Global Precipitation Mission satellite *** snow.and ice particles content w.re found to increase most rapidly compared w.th other hydrometeors during the RI *** all hydrometeors continued to *** graupel content only increased in the initial RI stage,and then decreased afterw.rds due to precipitation during the RI *** addition,sea surface temperature(SST)sensitivity experiments show.d that,although the intensity of the TC increased w.th a higher SST,not all hydrometeors *** graupel content continued to increase w.th the increase in SST,mainly due to the accumulation of more low.r-temperature supercooled w.ter vapor at the corresponding *** content of snow.decreased w.th the increase in SST because stronger vertical motion at the corresponding height affected the aggregation of ice crystals.

关键词： tropical cyclone rapid intensification cloud microphysical characteristics sea surface temperature(SST)

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Biomimetic chitin hydrogel via chemical transformation

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 771-777页

作者： rui-rui Liu Qian-Qian Shi Yu-Feng Meng Yong Zhou Li-Bo Mao Shu-Hong Yu Division of Nanomaterials&Chemistry Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryInstitute of Biomimetic Materials&ChemistryAnhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China College&Hospital of Stomatology Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui ProvinceAnhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032China Department of Dental Implantology College&Hospital of StomatologyAnhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032China

Chitin hydrogel has been recognized as a promising material for various biomedical applications because of its biocompatibility and ***,the fabrication of strong chitin hydrogel remains a big challenge because of the insolubility of chitin in many solvents and the reduced chain length of chitin regenerated from *** herein introduce the fabrication of chitin hydrogel w.th biomimetic structure through the chemical transformation of chitosan,w.ich is a w.ter-soluble deacetylated derivative of *** reacetylation of the amino group in chitosan endow. the obtained chitin hydrogel w.th outstanding resistance to sw.lling,degradation,extreme temperature and pH conditions,and organic *** chitin hydrogel has excellent mechanical properties w.ile retaining a high w.ter content(more than 95 w..%).It also show. excellent antifouling performance that it resists the adhesion of proteins,bacteria,blood,and ***,as the initial chitosan solution can be feasibly frozen and templated by ice crystals,the chitin hydrogel structure can be either nacre-like or w.od-like depending on the freezing method of the precursory chitosan *** to these anisotropic structures,such chitin hydrogel can exhibit anisotropic mechanics and mass transfer *** current w.rk provides a rational strategy to fabricate chitin hydrogels and paves the w.y for its practical applications as a superior biomedical material.

关键词： chitin hydrogel biomimetic structure chemical stability mechanical strength antifouling

Plasma-exfoliated g-C_(3)N_(4) w.th oxygen doping: tailoring photocatalytic properties

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 27-39页

作者： Yuxin Li Junxin Guo rui Han Zhao w.ng National Engineering Research Centre of Industry Crystallization Technology School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Heteroatom doping and defect engineering have been proposed as effective w.ys to modulate the energy band structure and improve the photocatalytic activity of g-C_(3)N_(4). In this w.rk, ultrathin defective g-C_(3)N_(4) w.s successfully prepared using cold plasma. Plasma exfoliation reduces the thickness of g-C_(3)N_(4) from 10 nm to 3 nm, w.ile simultaneously introducing a large number of nitrogen defects and oxygen atoms into g-C_(3)N_(4). The amount of doped O w.s regulated by varying the time and pow.r of the plasma treatment. Due to N vacancies, O atoms formed strong bonds w.th C atoms, resulting in O doping in g-C_(3)N_(4). The mechanism of plasma treatment involves oxygen etching and gas expansion. Photocatalytic experiments demonstrated that appropriate amount of O doping improved the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B compared w.th pure g-C_(3)N_(4). The introduction of O optimized the energy band structure and photoelectric properties of g-C_(3)N_(4). Active species trapping experiments revealed ·O_(2)^(–) as the main active species during the degradation.

关键词： graphitic carbon nitride cold plasma oxygen doping nitrogen defect visible-light photocatalysis