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Long-term monitoring of cycles in Clethrionomys rutilus in the Yukon boreal forest

Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 27-36页

作者： Charles j.KREBS Alice j.KENNEY B.Scott GILBERT rudy BOONSTRA Department of Zoology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada Renewable Resources Management Program Yukon UniversityWhitehorseYukonCanada Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada

Baseline studies of small rodent populations in undisturbed ecosystems are *** report here 50 years of mon-itoring and experimentation in Yukon of a dominant rodent species in the North American boreal forest,the red-backed vole Clethrionomys *** voles breed in summer,weigh 20–25 g,and reach a maximum density of 20 to 25 per *** populations have shown consistent 3–4-year cycles for the last 50 years with the only change being that peak densities averaged 8/ha until 2000 and 18/ha since that *** the last 25 years,we have measured food resources,predator numbers,and winter weather,and for 1-year social interactions,to estimate their contribution to changes in the rate of summer increase and the rate of overwinter *** these potential limiting factors could contribute to changes in density,and we measured their relative contributions statistically with multiple *** rate of winter decline in density was related to both food supply and winter *** rate of summer increase was related to summer berry crops and white spruce cone *** measure of predator numbers was related to winter or summer changes in vole *** was a large signal of climate change effects in these *** is no density dependence in summer population growth and only a weak one in winter population *** of our results provide a clear understanding of what generates 3–4-year cycles in these voles,and the maj.r missing piece may be an understanding of social interactions at high density.

关键词： boreal forest climate change density dependence population cycles predation winter severity

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Sex-specifc seasonal variations of wild boar distance traveled and home range size

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 284-290页

作者： Silvia Cavazza rudy Brogi Marco Apollonio Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassarivia Vienna 2I-07100 SassariItaly

Distance traveled and home range size describe how animals move in *** seasonal variations of these parameters are important to comprehensively understand animal ecology and its connection with reproductive behavior and energy *** usually estimate the distance traveled as the sum of the straight-line displacements between sampled positions,but this approach is sensitive to the sampling frequency and does not account for the tortuosity of the animal’s *** means of the continuous-time movement modeling which takes into account autocorrelation and tortuosity of movement data,we estimated the distance traveled and monthly home range size of 28 wild boar Sus scrofa and modeled their inter-sexual seasonal *** traveled longer distances and used larger home ranges than females,particularly during the rut in autumn-winter,consistently with the different biological cycles of males and *** enlarged their home ranges during the rut but traveled constant average distances along the year,whereas females traveled shorter distances in correspondence with the peak of food resources and birth periods but exhibited constant home range size across *** differences between the seasonal variation patterns of distance traveled and home range size,observed in both sexes,revealed the complex relationship between these two aspects of spatial behavior and the great opportunity of including both distance traveled and home range size in behavioral ecology inves*** provided a detailed analysis of wild boar spatial behavior and its relationships with the reproductive cycles of males and females,promoting a deeper comprehension of their behavioral ecology.

关键词： continuous-time ctmm daily range movements spatial behavior Sus scrofa

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Urbanization does not affect red foxes’interest in anthropogenic food,but increases their initial cautiousness

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 394-405页

作者： Martina Lazzaroni rudy Brogi Valentina Napolitano Marco Apollonio Friederike Range Sarah Marshall-Pescini Domestication Laboratory Konrad Lorenz Institute of EthologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineVienna A-1160Austria Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassarivia Vienna 2I-07100 SassariItaly

Human presence and activities have profoundly altered animals’habitats,exposing them to greater risks but also providing new opportunities and *** animals’capacity to effectively navigate and strike a balance between risks and benefts is crucial for their survival in the Anthropocene *** foxes(Vulpes vulpes),adept urban dwellers,exhibit behavioral plasticity in human-altered *** investigated variations in detection frequency on trail cameras and the behavioral responses(explorative,bold,and fearful)of wild red foxes living along an urbanization gradient when exposed to a metal bin initially presented clean and then flled with anthropogenic *** fox populations displayed an increased interest and similar explorative behavioral responses toward the anthropogenic food source,irrespective of the urbanization gradi*** no impact on explorative behaviors,foxes in more urbanized areas initially showed heightened fear toward the empty bin,indicating increased apprehension toward novel ***,this fear diminished over time,and in the presence of food,urban foxes displayed slightly reduced fear compared with their less urban *** results highlight foxes’potential for adaptability to human landscapes,additionally underscoring the nuanced interplay of fear and explorative behavioral response of populations living along the urbanization gradient.

关键词： anthropization bold explorative fearful human footprint Vulpes vulpes.

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A lead role for a“secondary”axonal inj.ry response

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 469-470页

作者： Melissa A.rudy Trent A.Watkins Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology Department of NeurologyUniversity of California at San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA Development Disease Modelsand Therapeutics Graduate ProgramBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA

Stress signaling following axon inj.ry stimulates a transcriptional program for regeneration that might be exploited to promote central nervous system ***,this stress response drives neuronal apoptosis in non-regenerative *** duality presents a quandary for the development of therapeutic interventions:manipulating stress signaling to enhance recovery of damaged neurons risks accelerating neurodegeneration or restricting regenerative *** dichotomy is well illustrated by the fates of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)following optic nerve *** this central nervous system inj.ry model,disruption of a stress-activated MAP kinase(MAPK)cascade blocks the extensive apoptosis of RGCs that occurs in wild-type mice(Watkins et al.,2013;Welsbie et al.,2017).

关键词： inj.ry axonal stress

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Insights from an academic endeavor into central nervous system drug discovery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1717-1718页

作者： Lieve van Veggel An M.Voets Tim Vanmierlo rudy Schreiber BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesHasselt UniversityHasseltBelgium Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology Division of Translational NeuroscienceEuropean Graduate School of NeuroscienceSchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands Section of Psychopharmacology Neuropsychology and PsychopharmacologyFaculty of Psychology and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands University MS Center(UMSC) Hasselt-PeltBelgium

Historically,"big pharma"did most central nervous system drug discovery R&D ***,in modern times their"management reductionism"resulted in disappointing pipelines and pharma resided to(late)development,regulatory approval,and marketing(Thong,2015).This had significant consequences for financing and executing research,resulting in a larger role for funding by governments and patient-organizations and a shift of research to academia(Mazzucato,2013).

关键词： academic approval consequences

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Capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry in the analysis of 10 opiates in 10 nanoliters of sample

Capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry in the an...

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30th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography、4th GC×GC Symposium、16th National Symposium and Exhibition on Chromatography,i.e. 1st Dalian International Symposium and Exhibition on Chromatography

作者： Uboh,CE. Soma,LR. rudy,j. PA Equine Toxicology & Research Center 220 East Rosedale Ave West ChesterPA 19382 and University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine.New Bolton Center Campus382 West Street RoadKennett SquarePA 19348

Opiates are widely used in the management of pain and thus,can be abused leading to drug *** use in the management of pain has also lead to abuse in an attempt to allow the athlete,whether human or horse, to compete despite unsuitable physical conditions.A horse competing under these conditions is especially dangerous for the equine athlete and the j.ckey or driver.A horse tumbling to the ground while running in excess of 35 mph can be devastating to both the horse and human *** most troubling part is that these agents have been illegally administered to horses to alter their *** deter such illegal use of opiates in racehorses,sensitive methods for screening and confirmation of these agents are essential.A method to address this need is the use of capillary electrophoresis(CE)coupled with tandem mass spectrometry(MS). The advantages of this method are accuracy,high efficiency,sensitivity,selectivity,small sample size and high resolution ***(MOR),codeine(COD),dihydrocodeine(DHC),norcodeine(NCOD),normorphine (NMOR),dihydromorphine(DMOR),diacetylmorphine(DHM),ethylmorphine(EMOR),6-monoacetylmor- phine(6-MAM)and hordenine(HOR)were selected as the target *** were recovered from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction(LLE).To 1.0 mL sample,equal volume of 0.1M borate buffer(pH 10)and 5.0 mL dichloromethane(DCM)were added and mixed for 3 min before centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 15min. The organic layer was transferred into a glass tube,added 2 drops of 2 M acetic acid in ethyl acetate and evaporated to dryness at 45℃ under *** residue was reconstituted in 50 L 20 mM ammonium acetate and 20 mM acetic *** was performed on a PACE/MDQ integrated with a Finnigan LCQDuo tandem mass spectrometer using a Polymicron bare fused-silica capillary(80 cm×50 m,i.d.)of which 15-20 mm portion of the polyimide coating was removed from the outlet end of the capillary to help maintain a stable *** buf

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Multiple aspects of the maternal reproductive investmentin a polytocous species:What do mothers really control?

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Current Zoology 2023年第2期69卷 136-142页

作者： rudy Brogi Roberta Chirichella Enrico Merli Marco Apollonio Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassarivia Vienna 2I-07100 SassariItaly Department of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Sassarivia Roma 151I-07100 SassariItaly

One of the factors facilitating the expansion and proliferation of wild boar Sus scrofa is the plasticity of its reproductive ***,the real influence of maternal and environmental factors on number and sex of the offspring is stll *** the litter size was shown to be related with the maternal condition,the strength of this relation remains to be understood,together with the possible role played by environmental ***,it is unclear whether wild boar females can adj.st their offspring *** investigated multiple aspects of wild boar maternal investment by means of a 10-year dataset of female reproductive traits and a set of biologically meaningful environmental *** maternal condition slightly affected the litter size but not the offspring sex,and environment did not affect the litter size or the offspring ***,mothers did not cope with the higher costs entailed by producing sons by placing them in the most advantageous intrauterine position,nor by allocating less resources on *** set of results showed that the female reproductive investment is quite rigid in comparison with other aspects of wild boar reproductive *** boar females seem to adopt a typical rstrategy,producing constantly large litters and allocating resources on both sexes regardless of internal and external *** strategy may be adaptive to cope with environmental unpredictability and an intense human harvest,contributing to explain the extreme success of wild boar within human-dominated landscapes.

关键词： investment life history litter size reproduction sex allocation wild boar

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Distributed Model Predictive Contouring Control for Real-Time Multi-Robot Motion Planning

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Complex System Modeling and Simulation 2022年第4期2卷 273-287页

作者： j.anbin Xin Yaoguang Qu Fangfang Zhang rudy Negenborn the School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China the Department of Marine and Transport Technology Delft University of TechnologyDelftCD2628the Netherlands

Existing motion planning algorithms for multi-robot systems must be improved to address poor coordination and increase low real-time *** paper proposes a new distributed real-time motion planning method for a multi-robot system using Model Predictive Contouring Control(MPCC).MPCC allows separating the tracking accuracy and productivity,to improve productivity better than the traditional Model Predictive Control(MPC)which follows a time-dependent *** the proposed distributed MPCC,each robot exchanges the predicted paths of the other robots and generates the collision-free motion in a parallel *** proposed distributed MPCC method is tested in industrial operation scenarios in the robot simulation platform *** simulation results show that the proposed distributed MPCC method realizes real-time multi-robot motion planning and performs better than three commonly-used planning methods(dynamic window approach,MPC,and prioritized planning).

关键词： multi-robot system path planning model predictive contouring control distributed optimization

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It is time to mate: population-level plasticity of wild boar reproductive timing and synchrony in a changing environment

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Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 371-380页

作者： rudy Brogi Enrico Merli Stefano Grignolio Roberta Chirichella Elisa Bottero Marco Apollonio Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassarivia Vienna 2Sassari I-07100Italy

On a population level,individual plasticity in reproductive phenology can provoke either anticipations or delays in the average reproductive timing in response to environmental ***,a rigid reliance on photoperiodism can constraint such plastic responses in populations inhabiting temperate *** regulation of breeding season length may represent a further tool for populations facing changing ***,this skill was reported only for equatorial,nonphotoperiodic *** goal was to evaluate whether species living in temperate regions and relying on photoperiodism to trigger their reproduction may also be able to regulate breeding season *** 10 years,we collected 2,500 female reproductive traits of a mammal model species(wild boar Sus scrofa)and applied a novel analytical approach to reproductive patterns in order to observe population-level variations of reproductive timing and synchrony under different weather and resources availability *** favorable conditions,breeding seasons were anticipated and population synchrony increased(i.e.,shorter breeding seasons).Conversely,poor conditions induced delayed and less synchronous(i.e.,longer)breeding *** potential to regulate breeding season length depending on environmental conditions may entail a high resilience of the population reproductive patterns against environmental changes,as highlighted by the fact that almost all mature females were reproductive every year.

关键词： breeding season length phenology photoperiodism population ecology reproduction wild boar

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Brain Inj.ry Biomechanics and Abusive Head Trauma

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j.urnal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2018年第2期4卷 91-100页

作者： rudy j.Castellani Carl j.Schmidt Center for Neuropathology Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of MedicineKalamazoo Department of Pathology University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Pathology University of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan

Contemporary biomechanical theory of traumatic brain inj.ry has its foundation in Holbourn’s thesis on shear strain and Ommaya’s primate experimentation demonstrating the role of rotation in a variety of lesions including subdural hematoma(SDH)and diffuse axonal *** human observations have since confirmed,for the most part,the early *** concerns regarding primate research,however,have prompted in vitro models,which in turn has led to challenges with respect to the correlation between in vitro observations and the clinical *** these challenges,medicolegal proceedings may call upon biomechanical engineers to reconstruct complex inj.ry scenarios and offer opinions on the scientific plausibility of clinical disease states,such as SDH,hemorrhagic retinopathy,and cerebral edema,associated with hypothetical or proffered action sequences during the course of an unwitnessed *** is important to note,however,that in vitro models by their nature are low‑evidence quality studies that attempt to advance hypotheses but do not address cause and *** a whole,biomechanical models,as they pertain specifically to the brain and spine,are mathematically ***,endpoints of limited relevance are relied upon(e.g.,skull fracture thresholds),which predictably overestimate the in vivo risk of significant *** the increasing role of biomechanical engineering in the interpretation of fatal pediatric head trauma,a heightened awareness of the limitations warranted.

关键词： Abusive head trauma biomechanics brain inj.ry impact subdural hematoma

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