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Small size does not restrain frugivory and seed dispersal across the evolutionary radiation of Galapagos lava lizards

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 353-361页

作者： Sandra HERVIAS-PAREJO ruben HELENO Beatriz RUMEU Beatriz GUZMAN Pablo VARGAS Jens M. OLESEN Anna TRAVESET Carlos VERA Edgar BENAVIDES Manuel NOGALES Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avanqats (CSIC-UIB) Global Change Research Group Mallorca Balearic Islands Spain Centre for Functional Ecology Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Portugal Real Jardin Botanico (CSIC-RJB) Madrid Spain Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Denmark Galapagos National Park Puerto Ayora Santa Cruz Galapagos Ecuador Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University USA lnstituto de Productos Naturales Agrobiologia (CSIC-IPNA) Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group Canary Islands Spain

Frugivory in lizards is often assumed to be constrained by body size;only large individuals are considered capable of consuming fruits, with the potential of acting as seed dispersers. However, only one previous study has tested the correlation of frugivory with body and head size at an archipelago scale across closely related species. All nine lava lizards (Microlophus spp.) were studied on the eleven largest Galapagos islands from 2010 to 2016 to investigate whether frugivory is related to body and head size. We also tested whether fruit abunda nee in flue nces fruit con sumption and explored the effect of seed ingestion on seedling emergence time and percentage. Our results showed that across islands, lava lizards varied considerably in size (64-102 mm in mean snoutvent length) and level of frugivory (1-23%, i.e., percentage of droppings with seeds). However, level of frugivory was only weakly affected by size as fruit consumption was also common among small lizards. Lava lizards consumed fruits throughout the year and factors other than fruit abundance may be more importa nt drivers of fruit selecti on (e.g., fruit size, energy con tent of pulp). From 2,530 droppings, 1,714 seeds of at least 61 plant species were identified, 76% of the species being native to the Galapagos. Most seeds (91%) showed no external structural damage. Seedling emergence time (44 versus 118 days) and percentage (20% versus 12%) were enhanced for lizardingested seeds compared to control (uningested) fruits. De-pulping by lizards (i.e., removal of pulp with potential germi nation inhibitors) might in crease the chances that at least some seeds find suitable recruitment conditi ons. We con eluded that lizards are importa nt seed dispersers throughout the year and across the whole archipelago, regardless of body size.

关键词： Microlophus oceanic islands plant-animal interactions seed disperser size seed dispersal effectiveness seedling emergence

Research as a Deliberate Chess Activity Software Testing Platform for Professional Dynamic Development of the Education Sector

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Management Studies 2016年第4期4卷 161-166页

作者： ruben Mirzakhanyan Srbuhi Gevorgyan Vladimir Karapetyan Armenian State Pedagogical University Named After Khachatur Abovyan Yervan Armenia

Current paper presents the influence of academic chess activity in Armenian schools. Nowadays, people face many obstacles connected with the high quality education. This sphere forces them to implement new methods and approaches in everyday learning process. The following academic research done on research as a deliberate chess activity software testing platform for professional dynamic development of the education sector showed that the implementation of academic chess with low grade students may have positive effect. The experiment done in this paper is closely related to the inclusive education as well. Mainly this experiment showed that collaborative training or learning can be very positive when children with disabilities are integrated in the learning process.

关键词： academic chess chess at schools achievements of students

Interindividual variation and consistency of migratory behavior in the Eurasian woodcock

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Current Zoology 2020年第2期66卷 155-163页

作者： Alessandro TEDESCHI Michele SORRENTI Michele BOTTAZZO Mario SPAGNESI Ibon TELLETXEA ruben IBANEZ Nicola TORMEN Federico DE PASCALIS Laura GUIDOLIN Diego RUBOLINI Associazione"Amici di Scolopax" Via Roma57Mugnano del CardinaleAVI-83027Italy Federazione Italiana della Caccia Ufficio Avifauna MigratoriaVia Salaria 298/ARoma1-00199Italy Veneto Agricoltura Viale dell’Universita 14LegnaroP D1-35020Italy Ekoclub International Via per Volano 45Volano di CodigoroFE1-44020Italy Club de Cazadores de Becada Avda.Schulz 84 dchaGijonE-33208Spain Dipartimento di Biologia Universita degli Studi di PadovaVia U.Bassi 58/bPadova1-35131Italy Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali Universita degli Studi di Milanovia Celoria 26Milano1-20133Italy

Diverse spatio-temporal aspects of avian migration rely on relatively rigid endogenous ***,flexibility in migratory behavior may allow effective coping with unpredictable variation in ecological conditions that can occur during *** aimed at characterizing inter-and intraindividual variation of migratory behavior in a forest-dwelling wader species,the Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola,focusing on spatio-temporal consistency across repeated migration *** satellite-tracking birds from their wintering sites along the Italian peninsula to their breeding areas,we disclosed a remarkable variability in migration distances,with some birds flying more than 6,000 km to Central Asian breeding grounds(up to 101°E).Prebreeding migration was faster and of shorter duration than postbreeding *** moving over longer distances migrated faster during prebreeding migration,and those breeding at northernmost latitudes left their wintering areas ***,birds making longer migrations departed earlier from their breeding *** site fidelity was very high,whereas fidelity to wintering areas increased with *** routes were significantly consistent,both among repeated migration episodes and between pre-and postbreeding *** migration departure date was not significantly repeatable,whereas arrival date to the breeding areas was highly ***,interindividual variation in migratory behavior of woodcocks was mostly explained by the location of the breeding areas,and spatial consistency was relatively large through the entire annual *** in prebreeding migration departure date may suggest that environmental effects have a larger influence on temporal than on spatial aspects of migratory behavior.

关键词： arrival date breeding latitude flexibility repeatability satellite tracking wading birds

Using the Prony Analysis for Assessing Servo Drive Control

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Intelligent Control and Automation 2011年第4期2卷 293-298页

作者： Reimund Neugebauer ruben Schonherr Holger Schlegel Chemnitz University of Technology Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringInstitute for Machine Tools and Production ProcessesChemnitzGermany

The Prony Analysis is already used in different fields of science and industries. The described new approach intends assessing the performance of Servo Drive Control. The basic approach is, that two important dynamic parameters of closed loop behavior, damping and frequency, are estimated by the Prony method. Hence analyzing a control loop in this way leads to a statement concerning the quality of control and allows comparing different parameter sets. The paper presents results achieved by using this method on a test rig.

关键词： Servo Drive Control Assessment Monitoring Prony Method

Huge capacity spacial division multiplexing transmission and integrated optical switching technologies(Invited Paper)

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Chinese Optics Letters 2016年第12期14卷 12-16页

作者： Naoya Wada Ben J.Puttnam ruben S.Luis Werner Klaus Jun Sakaguchi Jose M.D.Mendinueta Yoshinari Awaji Satoshi Shinada Hideaki Furukawa National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Tokyo 184-8795 Japan

We review the research and development of beyond Pb/s capacity space-division-multiplexed transmission technology using multi-core optical fibers for satisfying the ever-increasing traffic demand. Moreover, we present an optical packet and circuit integrated network technology to improve switching capacity and flexibility in network nodes for the rapid traffic fluctuation and the data service diversification.

关键词： switching multiplexing satisfying fluctuation traffic packet frames transmit throughput overhead

Projected Long-Term Behavior of the CO2 Emission Factor in the Electricity System of Uruguay

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2014年第12期8卷 2027-2038页

作者： Fernanda Maciel Mario Vignolo ruben Chaer IMFIA (Institute of Fluids Mechanics and Environmental Engineering) Universidad de la Republica Montevideo ZIP 11300Uruguay HE (Institute of Electric Engineering) Universidad de la Republica Montevideo ZIP 11300 Uruguay

Estimating CO2 emission factor of the electricity system is a key aspect in the calculation of the baseline emissions for projects certified as CDM （Clean Development Mechanism）, which replace energy from the grid. Currently, Uruguay is driving the expansion of the electricity system based on domestic renewable energies, in addition to replacing oil-based fuels for others with lower emission factors. This implies a substantial change of the generation park in the next decade and of the associated CO2 emissions. In this paper, a calculation methodology of the baseline emissions is adapted for its incorporation in the software SimSEE （Electric Energy Systems Simulator）, which is used for modeling the Uruguayan electric system, and therefore, allows modeling the current energy generator park and the future one. Using this tool, the CO2 emission factor＇s evolution is evaluated in the 2012-2020 period. The 2020 scenario is based on an optimal expansion of the electric system. The results indicate a strong reduction of the emission factor between 2012 and 2020, going from average values （for 100 simulations） around 0.60 tCO2/MWh to 0.15 tCO2/MWh. In this possible future scenario, CDM certification will probably not act as a strong incentive in Uruguay for the development of projects based on non-traditional renewable energies.

关键词： Carbon emissions electric system clean development mechanism future energy scenario.

Expeditious management plan towards digital earth

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2014年第8期7卷 635-649页

作者： Naveen Kumar Sidda Aneta J.Florczyk Francisco J.Lopez-Pellicer Dinesh Babu I.V ruben Bejar F.Javier Zarazaga-Soria Department of Computer Science and System Engineering University of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain Department of Wood Science forestry and GeomaticsUniversity LavalSainte-FoyQCCanada

The breakthrough developments in geospatial technologies and the increasing availability of spatial data make geoinformation a business and a decisional element to the ***,it is important to have a management plan to factor in practical and feasible data sources,in building geo *** authors of this paper are motivated by the fact that right data sources could outclass in-house resources in various application *** paper outlines pragmatic cases for the tangible benefits of the existing potential data and expeditious patterns for digital *** work also proposes‘good-enough’solutions based on the pragmatic cases,available literature,and the 3D city model developed that could be sufficient in contriving the objectives of the common public usage and open business *** demonstrate this approach,the paper encapsulated the low-cost development of virtual 3D city model using publicly available cadastral data and web services.

关键词： spatial data sources geo management web services APIs cadastral data

Using a stand-level model to predict light absorption in stands with vertically and horizontally heterogeneous canopies

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Forestry Studies in China 2014年第3期16卷 158-176页

作者： David I Forrester ruben Guisasola Xiaolu Tang Axel T Albrecht Tran Lam Dong Guerric le Maire Chair of Silviculture Faculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesFreiburg University Chair of Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing Georg-August-Universitt Gttingen Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wrttemberg Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture(TIA) Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences Silviculture Research Institute CIRAD UMR Eco & Sols2 Place VialaMontpellier 34060France

Background： Forest ecosystem functioning is strongly influenced by the absorption of photosynthetically active radiation （APAR）, and therefore, accurate predictions of APAR are critical for many process-based forest growth models. The Lambert-Beer law can be applied to estimate APAR for simple homogeneous canopies composed of one layer, one species, and no canopy gaps. However, the vertical and horizontal structure of forest canopies is rarely homogeneous. Detailed tree-level models can account for this heterogeneity but these often have high input and computational demands and work on finer temporal and spatial resolutions than required by stand-level growth models. The aim of this study was to test a stand-level light absorption model that can estimate APAR by individual species in mixed-species and multi-layered stands with any degree of canopy openness including open-grown trees to closed canopies. Methods： The stand-level model was compared with a detailed tree-level model that has already been tested in mixed-species stands using empirical data. Both models were parameterised for five different forests, including a wide range of species compositions, species proportions, stand densities, crown architectures and canopy structures. Results： The stand-level model performed well in all stands except in the stand where extinction coefficients were unusually variable and it appears unlikely that APAR could be predicted in such stands using （tree- or stand-level） models that do not allow individuals of a given species to have different extinction coefficients, leaf-area density or analogous parameters. Conclusion： This model is parameterised with species-specific information about extinction coefficients and mean crown length, diameter, height and leaf area. It could be used to examine light dynamics in complex canopies and in stand-level growth models.

关键词： Complex forests Mixed-species Stand structure Extinction coefficient Lambert-Beer law Light absorption

Microstructure, hardness evolution and thermal stability of binary Al-7Mg alloy processed by ECAP with intermediate annealing

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2014年第7期24卷 2301-2306页

作者：查敏李彦军 Ragnvald MATHIESEN ruben BJRGE Hans J. ROVEN Department of Materials Science and Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University

A binary Al-7Mg alloy was processed by equal channel angular pressing （ECAP） at room temperature via route Bc, combined with intermediate annealing. After 6 passes, a high hardness of HV218 is achieved. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） observations demonstrate that ECAP leads to a significant grain refinement and ultrafine grains down to 100-200 nm are developed after 5 or 6 passes. X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis indicates that the major part of Mg atoms are in solid solution in the deformed material, and the possible strengthening effect of Mg solute atom clusters or precipitates is neglected. The high hardness of the 6 pass-treated materials comes mainly from grain boundary strengthening, which contributes about 41% to the total strength, while dislocations and Mg solid solution contribute about 24% and 35% to the remaining strength, respectively. Also, the thermal stability of this severely deformed material was investigated by hardness measurements. The material is relatively stable when annealed at a temperature lower than 250 ℃, while annealing at 300 ℃ leads to a rapid softening of the material.

关键词： Al-Mg alloys equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) as-deformed microstructure hardness evolution strengthening thermal stability