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Frugivory and seed dispersal in the Galápagos:what is the state of the art?

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第2期6卷 110-129页

作者： ruben HELENO Stephen BLAKE Patricia JARAMILLO Anna TRAVESET Pablo VARGAS Manuel NOGALES Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies(CSIC-UIB) Terrestrial Ecology GroupMallorcaBalearic Islands Royal Botanical Garden Madrid(CSIC-RJB) Madrid Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group(CSIC-IPNA) TenerifeCanary IslandsSpain Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Vogelwarte RadolfzellRadolfzellGermany Charles Darwin Foundation Puerto AyoraSanta CruzGalapagosQuitoEcuador

The Galápagos are considered a model oceanic archipelago,with unique flora and fauna currently threatened by alien invasive *** dispersal is an important ecosystem function with consequences for plant population dynamics and vegetation ***,understanding the seed dispersal abilities of the assemblages of frugivores will inform scientists and managers of the dynamics of plant invasions and improve management *** we provide the first comprehensive review of published information on frugivory and animal seed dispersal in the Galá*** collected data from a variety of sources,including notes of the first naturalist expeditions,gray literature available only in Galápagos collections,and peer-reviewed journal ***–animal frugivorous interactions were retrieved from 43 studies and compiled into an interaction matrix describing 366 unique *** studies focused on fruit consumption as a driving force for natural selection,but seed fate was seldom *** most(71%)of the interactions involved native plants,more than one-quarter(28%)involved introduced *** involving birds are considerably more common than those of reptiles and mammals,probably reflecting a research bias towards *** the historical importance of the archipelago as the laboratory for evolutionary and ecological research,understanding of its seed dispersal systems is *** end the review by suggesting 3 priority areas of research on frugivory and seed dispersal in the Galápagos:(i)target research to close knowledge gaps;(ii)the use of a network approach to frame seed dispersal at the community level;and(iii)evaluation of the effect of seed dispersal as a selective pressure acting upon plants and ***,the output of this research has to be properly delivered to the Galápagos National Park Services to help increase management effectiveness.

关键词： conservation planning oceanic islands plant invasions plant-animal interaction seed predation

An analysis of key process parameters for hybrid manufacturing by material extrusion and CNC machining

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2018年第4期1卷 237-244页

作者： ruben Paz Javier Santamarta Mario D.Monzon Joshua Garcfa Eujin Pei Departamento de Ingenierfa Mecainica Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas Palmas de Gran Canaria 35017 Spain Institute of Materials and Manufacturing Brunel University LondonKingston LaneUxbridge UB83PHUK

Hybrid Manufacturing combines the advantages of Additive Manufacturing (AM)and Subtractive Manufacturing on a single *** previous research has provided a good background of the manufacturing parameters,the analysis is often carried out separately and there is a lack of combined *** purpose of this research is to examine the influence of the main manufacturing parameters involved in AM and subtracfive processes using different ***,the study is focused on the Material Extrusion process concerning the layer height,fill angle and fill density;as well as two factors related to machining,including stepover and pass *** parameters that were examined include the dimension,hardness, flatness,weight and roughness.A mulfifactofial Design of Experiments was proposed with a total of 64 ***,a statistical analysis was carried out to assess the influence of the different groups on the response ***,a decision table presented and facilitated the selection of parameters depending on the desired objectives,leading to a framework that was applied to a case study for *** decision guide could enable designers and engineers to select the best strategy for a specific application,leading to a more efficient approach for manufacturing.

关键词： Hybrid manufacturing Material extrusion Additive manufacturing Subtractive manufacturing ~Machining Statistical analysis

Building health monitoring in the old town of Madrid:applicability of SAR Imagery to the monitoring of underground works through classification indexes

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第3期14卷 271-287页

作者： Adrian Jesus Garcia Beatriz González-Rodrigo Sara Martinez ruben Martinez Miguel Marchamalo Topography and Geomatics Lab ETSI CaminosCanales y PuertosUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain ETS de Ingeniería Civil Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain

The old city centers of many major cities represent a great challenge from a constructive point of view since the foundations of the buildings consist of an aggregation of previous *** endorses thorough monitoring activities during any underground *** capabilities of the persistent scatterer interferometry(PSI)can be exploited to cope with these monitoring ***,the old city centers represent a very challenging urban scenario since the rooftops are usually filled with air conditioning systems and due to the fact that the streets are usually *** work assesses the applicability of the PSI technique under this challenging ***,it proposes a set of novel classification indexes that allow an objective assessment of the building’s health and the impact derived from any *** can be applied in deformation monitoring and risk evaluation in urban *** applicability of the technique and the proposed indexes is validated in the monitoring of underground construction works in the old city center of Madrid comparing the results against on-ground measurements and identifying the potential and the limitation of the technique.

关键词： Satellite-based monitoring historical city center building health monitoring persistent scatterer interferometry urban planning

A decomposition approach to the design of a multiferroic memory bit

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2017年第2期12卷 215-223页

作者： ruben ACEVEDO Cheng-Yen LIANG Gregory P. CARMAN Abdon E. SEPULVEDA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department University ofCalifornia Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1597 USA

The objective of this paper is to present a methodology for the design of a memory bit to minimize the energy required to write data at the bit level. By straining a ferromagnetic nickel nano-dot by means of a piezoelectric substrate, its magnetization vector rotates between two stable states defined as a 1 and 0 for digital memory. The memory bit geometry, actuation mechanism and voltage control law were used as design variables. The approach used was to decompose the overall design process into simpler sub-problems whose structure can be exploited for a more efficient solution. This method minimizes the number of fully dynamic coupled finite element analyses required to converge to a near optimal design, thus decreasing the computational time for the design process. An in-plane sample design problem is presented to illustrate the advantages and flexibility of the procedure.

关键词： multiferroics nano memory piezoelectric,optimization

Adverse reactions of Amiodarone

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2019年第7期16卷 552-566页

作者： ruben ML Colunga Biancatelli Viviana Congedo Leonardo Calvosa Marco Ciacciarelli Alessandro Polidoro Luigi Iuliano UOC of Internal Medicine Sapienza University of Rome and ICOT HospitalLatinaItaly Vascular Biology&Mass Spectrometry Laboratory Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and BiotechnologiesSapienza University of Rome and ICOT HospitalLatinaItaly

Adverse drug reaction is defined by the World Health Organization as any response to a drug that is noxious and unintended and occurs at a dose normally used in *** people are at elevated risk of adverse drug reactions—because of changes in pharmacodynamics,concurrent use of multiple medications and the related drug ***,adverse drug reactions are significantly underestimated in the elderly population that is also exposed to inappropriate *** is an antiarrhythmic drug used commonly for the treatment of atrial fibrillation and is increasingly prescribed in older *** amiodarone is an efficient drug for rhythm control,it’s a carrier of different adverse reactions,and pro and cons must be carefully evaluated before its use especially in older people.

关键词： Amiodarone Atrial fibrillation Drug-adverse reaction Drug toxicity

Double-balloon enteroscopy-assisted dilatation avoids surgery for small bowel strictures: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第45期23卷 8073-8081页

作者： Judith E Baars ruben Theyventhiran Patrick Aepli Payal Saxena Arthur J Kaffes AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre Royal Prince Alfred Hospital

AIM To evaluate the therapeutic role of double-balloon enteroscopy(DBE) in small bowel strictures and to propose a standard approach to small bowel *** Systematic review of studies involving DBE in patients with small bowel strictures. Only studies limited to small bowel strictures were included and those with ileo-colonic strictures were excluded. RESULTS In total 13 studies were included,in which 310 patients were dilated. The average follow-up time was 31.8 mo per patient. The complication rate was 4.8% per patient and 2.6% per dilatation. Surgery was avoided in 80% of patients. After the first dilatation,46% were treated with re-dilatation and only 17% required *** DBE-assisted dilatation avoids surgery in 80% of patients with small bowel strictures and is safe and effective. We propose a standardized approach to small bowel strictures.

关键词： Double-ballloon enteroscopy Dilatation Small bowel stricture Enteroscopy Crohn's disease Systematic review

Difficulty scores in laparoscopic liver surgery—getting closer to a powerful and necessary tool

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2019年第4期8卷 428-430页

作者： ruben Ciria Maria Dolores Ayllon Javier Brice(n)o Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation University Hospital Reina Sofia Cordoba Spain

Obtaining standardized difficulty scores for surgical techniques is mandatory. The more accurate the scores become, the better results may be achieved in terms of patients' safety and surgical implementation. This need is especially useful when technically demanding and complex surgical procedures are performed. In this sense, liver resections are difficult procedures with high morbidity and mortality rates that should be performed by experienced surgeons. Hepatobiliary surgery has always been considered as a long-term project that needs patience, expertise and a progressive learning curve. Since the first reported laparoscopic liver resection in 1996, the adoption and implementation of minimally invasive liver surgery has been cautious. However, laparoscopic liver resections have experienced a wide expansion in recent years (1), mainly after the last Consensus Meeting held in Morioka in 2014 (2). One of the statements reported during this Consensus and in the latter European Guidelines Meeting held in Southampton in 2017 (3) is that a need for a safe expansion and control on technical procedures should be encouraged. In this context, liver surgical teams are trying to develop feasible tools that may standardize laparoscopic liver resections.

关键词： surgery closer latter

Constraints and Opportunities for Detecting Land Surface Phenology in Drylands

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Journal of Remote Sensing 2021年第1期2021卷 332-346页

作者： Shawn D.Taylor Dawn M.Browning ruben A.Baca Feng Gao US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceJornada Experimental RangeNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew Mexico 88003USA Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education(ORISE) Oak RidgeTennessee 37830USA US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceHydrology and Remote Sensing LaboratoryBeltsvilleMaryland 20705USA

Land surface phenology(LSP)enables global-scale tracking of ecosystem processes,but its utility is limited in drylands due to low vegetation cover and resulting low annual amplitudes of vegetation indices(VIs).Due to the importance of drylands for biodiversity,food security,and the carbon cycle,it is necessary to understand the limitations in measuring dryland ***,using simulated data and multitemporal unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)imagery of a desert shrubland,we explore the feasibility of detecting LSP with respect to fractional vegetation cover,plant functional types,VI uncertainty,and two different detection *** simulated data,we found that plants with distinct VI signals,such as deciduous shrubs,can require up to 60%fractional cover to consistently detect *** plants,with lower seasonal VI amplitude,require considerably higher cover and can have undetectable phenology even with 100%vegetation *** evaluation of two algorithms showed that neither performed the best in all *** with adequate cover,biases in phenological metrics can still exceed 20 days and can never be 100%accurate due to VI uncertainty from shadows,sensor view angle,and atmospheric *** showed how high-resolution UAV imagery enables LSP studies in drylands and highlighted important scale effects driven by within-canopy VI *** high-resolution imagery,the open canopies of drylands are beneficial as they allow for straightforward identification of individual plants,enabling the tracking of phenology at the individual *** thus have the potential to become an exemplary environment for future LSP research.

关键词： fractional straight imagery

A Comparison of the Effect of 20-and 40-Min Session Durations of External Counterpulsation on Neuromuscular Function,Cortisol and Comfort in Physically Active Young Men

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第2期3卷 138-146页

作者： ruben Collins Massimiliano Ditroilo Katy Horner Silvia Eusebi Denise McGrath School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science University College DublinDublinIreland Institute for Sport and Health University College DublinDublinIreland Physiology Unit Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly

Objectives External Counterpulsation (ECP) is a well-established treatment for coronary disease,with interest growing in the potential to act as a sports recovery modality or pre-performance *** pilot study compared the effects of dif-ferent ECP durations upon neuromuscular function (NF),cortisol and subjective perceptions in a rested *** Eleven physically active male volunteers received two ECP treatments (Renew Sport,Singapore) of differing duration (20-min and 40-min) in a randomised,repeated measures crossover *** occurred pre-ECP,post-ECP,and 24-h *** testing comprised counter-movement jumps (CMJs) and 6-s sprint *** samples were analysed for *** of Perceived Exertion (RPE,6 to 20) and Bipolar Comfort Scales (-10 to 10) quantified partici-pants' experiences,and ECP duration preference was *** measures ANOVA and effect size (ES:Cohen's d) analysed NF and cortisol *** t-tests analysed RPE and comfort *** ECP demonstrated no effect,neither positive nor negative,upon NF outcome measures in both groups.A trend of reduced salivary cortisol levels across both groups following ECP was observed (P =0.066).No RPE difference existed between groups.20-min of ECP was rated as significantly more comfortable than 40-min (P < 0.05) and participants pre-dominantly identified the 20-min ECP session as "more acceptable".Conclusions These results indicate that there were no effects for either duration upon the defined outcome measures,and thus,in these circumstances,no differences between the two durations were observed with respect to effects upon NF and salivary *** use of ECP warrants further investigation for potential benefits to performance before it can be proposed as an effective preparatory modality.

关键词： Pre-competition preparation Priming effect Salivary biomarkers Peak power Maximum force