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Intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1:A new player associated with impaired counterregulatory responses to hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetic mice

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1764-1777页

作者： Fang-Xin Jin Yan Wang Min-Ne li ru-jiang li Jun-Tang Guo Department of Histology and Embryology Key Laboratory of Universities in Shandong ProvinceShandong Second Medical UniversityWeifang 261053Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Pathological Physiology Shandong Second Medical UniversityWeifang 261053Shandong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Impaired hypoglycaemic counterregulation has emerged as a critical concern for diabetic patients who may be hesitant to medically lower their blood glucose levels due to the fear of potential hypoglycaemic ***,the pathogenesis of hypoglycaemic counterregulation is still ***-like peptide-1(GLP-1)and its analogues have been used as adjunctive therapies for type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).The role of GLP-1 in counterregulatory dysfunction during hypoglycaemia in patients with T1DM has not been *** To explore the impact of intestinal GLP-1 on impaired hypoglycaemic counterregulation in type 1 diabetic *** T1DM was induced in C57BL/6J mice using streptozotocin,followed by intraperitoneal insulin injections to create T1DM models with either a single episode of hypoglycaemia or recurrent episodes of hypoglycaemia(DH5).Immunofluorescence,Western blot,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were employed to evaluate the influence of intestinal GLP-1 on the sympathetic-adrenal reflex and glucagon(GCG)*** GLP-1 receptor agonist GLP-1(7-36)or the antagonist exendin(9-39)were infused into the terminal ileum or injected intraperitoneally to further investigate the role of intestinal GLP-1 in hypoglycaemic counterregulation in the model *** The expression levels of intestinal GLP-1 and its receptor(GLP-1R)were significantly increased in DH5 *** instances of excess of intestinal GLP-1 weakens the sympathetic-adrenal reflex,leading to dysfunction of adrenal counterregulation during ***5 mice showed increased pancreaticδ-cell mass,cAMP levels inδcells,and plasma somatostatin concentrations,while cAMP levels in pancreaticαcells and plasma GCG levels ***,GLP-1R expression in islet cells and plasma active GLP-1 levels were significantly increased in the DH5 *** experiments involving terminal ileal infusion and intraperitoneal injection in the model mice demonstra

关键词： Glucagon-like peptide-1 Impaired hypoglycaemic counterregulation Type 1 diabetes Intestine Pancreas

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A Dynamic Covalent Bonding-based Nanoplatform for Intracellular Co-Delivery of Protein Drugs and Chemotherapeutics with Enhanced Anti-Cancer Effect

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第5期42卷 559-569,I0005页

作者： Sai-Nan liu Jia-Hui Meng li-Yun Cui Hua Chen lin-Qi Shi ru-jiang Ma Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education Institute of Polymer ChemistryTianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin300192China

Efficient intracellular delivery of protein drugs is critical for protein *** combination of protein drugs with chemotherapeutics represents a promising strategy in enhancing anti-cancer ***,co-delivery systems for efficient delivery of these two kinds of drugs are still lacking because of their different ***,we show a well-designed delivery system based on dynamic covalent bond for efficient intracellular co-delivery of ribonuclease A(RNase A)and doxorubicin(DOX).Two polymers,PEG-b-P(Asp-co-AspDA)and PAE-b-P(Asp-co-AspPBA),and two 2-acetylphenylboronic acid(2-APBA)-functionalized drugs,2-APBA-RNase A and 2-APBA-DOX,self-assemble into mixed-shell nanoparticles(RNase A/DOX@MNPs)via dynamic phenylboronic acid(PBA)-catechol bond between PBA and dopamine(DA)*** PBA-catechol bond endows the nanoparticles with high stability and excellent stimulus-responsive drug release *** the slight acidic environment at tumor tissue,RNase A/DOX@MNPs are positively charged,promoting their *** cellular uptake into endosome,further protonation of PAE chains leads to the rupture of endosomes because of the proton sponge effect and the cleavage of PBA-catechol bond promotes the release of two *** cytoplasm,the high level of GSH removed the modification of 2-APBA on *** restored RNase A and DOX show a synergistic and enhanced antic-cancer *** system may be a promising platform for intracellular co-delivery of protein drugs and chemotherapeutics.

关键词： Drug co-delivery Combination therapy Dynamic covalent bond

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Structural Properties of Ions and Polyelectrolytes in Aqueous Solutions under External Electric Fields:The Sign Effect

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第9期42卷 1341-1352,I0007页

作者： Cheng-jiang lin Jun-Jun Wang Yuan jiang Shu-li Chen Hong-Fei li Wen-Han Zhao Qing-Rong Huang Chang-ru Rong Xiao-Zheng Duan State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022China School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China National Key Laboratory of Advanced Vehicle Integration and Control China FAW Group Co.Ltd.Changchun130013China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200438China Department of Food Science Rutgers University65 Dudley RoadNew BrunswickNew Jersey08901USA

We utilize molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the microstructures of ions and polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions under external electric *** focusing on the multi-body interactions between ionic components and H_(2)O molecules,as well as their responses to the external electric fields,we clarify several nontrivial molecular features of the ionic and polyelectrolyte solutions,such as the solvations of cations and anions,clustering of the ions,and dispersions/aggregations of polyelectrolyte chains,as well as the corresponding responses of H_(2)O molecules in these *** simulations illustrate the variations in structures of ionic solutions caused by reversing the charge sign of the ions,and elucidate the disparity in structures between anionic and cationic polyelectrolyte solutions in the presence of the external electric *** work clarifies the mechanism for the alternations in complex multi-body interactions in aqueous solutions caused by the application electric field,which can contribute to the fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical natures of ion-containing and charged polymeric systems.

关键词： Polyelectrolyte Ions Aqueous solutions External electric fields Asymmetric dipole

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Climate warming is likely to weaken the performance of two-phase closed thermosyphon on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第1期15卷 90-100页

作者： Guan-li jiang Zi-Teng FU Xin-Yu MEN Hong-Ting ZHAO Si-ru GAO Yong-Zhi li Qing-Bai WU State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Beiluhe Observation and Research Station on Frozen Soil Engineering and Environment in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Muli Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Gas Hydrate China Geological SurveyBeijing 100083China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Jiaxing Nanhu UniversityJiaxing 314001China

Over the years,numerous geotechnical approaches have been implemented to mitigate the adverse effects of climate warming on various infrastructures in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),such as the Qinghai-Tibet Highway and Railway,and achieved the expected engineering ***,little attention has been given to whether the performance of these geotechnical approaches has changed during the ongoing process of climate *** investigate the performance variation of one of these geotechnical approaches,which is two-phase closed thermosyphon(TPCT),during sustained climate warming,we conducted a statistical analysis of soil temperature monitoring data in 2003-2020 from eight regular embankments and six TPCT embankments in our permafrost monitoring *** results indicate that TPCT undeniably has a cooling effect on the permafrost beneath embankments,even rapidly eliminated previously formed taliks beneath ***,further analysis reveals that the performance of TPCT has been weakening during sustained climate warming,which has confirmed by the re-forming of the taliks beneath embankment where they had been previously *** on the current understanding,we attributed the weakening of thermosyphon performance to a significant reduction in the air temperature freezing index caused by ongoing climate *** this study,we aimed to draw attention to the evolving performance of geotechnical approaches in permafrost regions amid climate warming,prompting necessary engineering innovations to address this situation and ensure the sustainable development of the permafrost region on the QTP.

关键词： Two-phase closed thermosyphon Climate warming Supra-permafrost talik Permafrost degradation Qinghai-Tibet Highway

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Experimental Study on Engineering Behavior of Solidified Soil for Scour Repair and Protection

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第4期38卷 625-635页

作者： WU Xiao-ni li ru-yu SHU Jian TANG Chao CHEN Jin-jian WANG Hui-li jiang Hai-li WANG Xiao State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Department of Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Road and Bridge Group Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200433China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Urban Infrastructure Renewal Shanghai 200032China jiangsu Kunze Technology Co. Ltd.Nanjing 210000China

A new scour countermeasure using solidified slurry for offshore foundation has been proposed *** solidified slurry is pumped to seabed area around foundation for scour protection or pumped into the developed scour holes for scour repair as the fluidized material solidifies *** the pumping operation and solidification,the engineering behaviors of solidified slurry require to be considered synthetically for the reliable application in scour repair and protection of ocean engineering such as the pumpability related flow value,flow diffusion behavior related rheological property,anti-scour performance related retention rate in solidification and bearing capacity related strength property after *** this study,a series of laboratory tests are conducted to investigate the effects of mix proportion(initial water content and binder content)on the flow value,rheological properties,density,retention rate of solidified slurry and unconfined compressive strength(UCS).The results reveal that the flow value increases with the water content and decreases with the binder *** the solidified slurry exhibits Bingham plastic behavior when the shear rate is larger than 5 s^(-1).The Bingham model has been employed to fit the rheology test results,and empirical formulas for obtaining the density,yield stress and viscosity are established,providing scientific support for the numerical assessment of flow and diffusion of solidified *** rate of solidified slurry decreases with the water flow velocity and flow value,which means the pumpability of solidified slurry is contrary to anti-scour *** unconfined compressive strength after solidification reduces as the water content increases and binder content decreases.A design and application procedure of solidified soil for scour repair and protection is also proposed for engineering reference.

关键词： scour repair and protection solidified soil pumpability strength flow properties anti-scour performance

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Heat Transfer and Friction Characteristics of Printed Circuit Heat Exchangers with Different Channel Structures for S-CO_(2) Power System

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 1132-1147页

作者： jiang Tao li Mingjia Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China

Printed circuit heat exchanger(PCHE)has been widely used in supercritical carbon dioxide(S-CO_(2))power systems because of its high heat transfer efficiency and good ***,due to the large variety of PCHE configurations,channel selection in practical applications lacks a ***,this paper discussed the heat transfer and friction characteristics and the synergy of three fields in the channel under the guidance of the field synergy principle for four typical PCHE ***,the comprehensive performance of four channels was ***,the heat transfer and friction factor correlations for S-CO_(2)in four channels were *** findings demonstrate that the synergy of velocity and pressure fields of the straight channel PCHE is better(β≈180°),so its resistance loss is relatively *** zigzag and sinusoidal wavy channels and the airfoil fins can reduce the angle a between the temperature gradient and velocity,thus enhancing the heat *** sinusoidal wavy channel can reduce flow resistance compared to the zigzag channel due to the rounded *** streamlined airfoil structure can guide the flow and reduce backflow,thus reducing resistance *** the range of Re studied in this paper,the maximum error of the proposed heat transfer and friction factor correlations of PCHE is 7.0%,which shows good fitting *** research in this paper can provide a reference for the selection and design of PCHE with different channel configurations.

关键词： printed circuit heat exchanger supercritical carbon dioxide typical channel structure field synergy analysis

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High-efficiency sodium storage of Co_(0.85)Se/WSe_(2) encapsulated in N-doped carbon polyhedron via vacancy and heterojunction engineering

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Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 94-107页

作者： Ya ru Pei Hong Yu Zhou Ming Zhao Jian Chen li Xin Ge Wei Zhang Chun Cheng Yang Qing jiang Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials(Jilin University) Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchunChina Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials Electron Microscopy CenterJilin UniversityChangchunChina

With the advantage of fast charge transfer,heterojunction engineering is identified as a viable method to reinforce the anodes'sodium storage ***,vacancies can effectively strengthen the Na+adsorption ability and provide extra active sites for Na+***,their synchronous engineering is rarely ***,a hybrid of Co_(0.85)Se/WSe_(2) heterostructure with Se vacancies and N-doped carbon polyhedron(CoWSe/NCP)has been fabricated for the first time via a hydrothermal and subsequent selenization *** aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy confirms the phase interface of the Co_(0.85)Se/WSe_(2) heterostructure and the existence of Se *** functional theory simulations reveal the accelerated charge transfer and enhanced Na+adsorption ability,which are contributed by the Co_(0.85)Se/WSe_(2) heterostructure and Se vacancies,*** expected,the CoWSe/NCP anode in sodium-ion battery achieves outstanding rate capability(339.6 mAh g^(−1) at 20 A g^(−1)),outperforming almost all Co/W-based selenides.

关键词： Co_(0.85)Se/WSe_(2)heterostructure density functional theory simulations N-doped carbon polyhedron Se vacancies sodium-ion batteries

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Status and trends of carbon emissions research at the county level in China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 338-352页

作者： Ang-Zu CAI ru GUO Yu-Hao ZHANG jiang WU College of Environmental Science and Engineering Institute of Environmental Planning and ManagementTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Megacity Elaborated Urban Governance Institute Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges to achieving carbon neutrality at the county level in China and offers targeted recommendations,laying the groundwork for future specialized research in this area.A total of 283 relevant studies(2004-2023)were analyzed to assess county-level carbon emissions through three phases:bibliometric analysis,frontier analysis,and future *** findings reveal that publication trends were largely influenced by domestic and foreign *** cluster discerns ten primary themes,ranging from conceptual frameworks to research *** frontier analysis of the literature highlights the leading research areas,which include carbon neutrality pathway,driving factors,spatiotemporal variation of carbon emissions,the co-effects of pollutants and carbon reduction,and carbon emissions in China's rural *** from the results of bibliometric and frontier analyses,this study elucidates the recommendations for achieving carbon neutrality at the county level from three perspectives:effective regional policy guidance,emphasis on ecological conservation,and the deployment of advanced carbon reduction and sequestration *** study enriches the body of knowledge on carbon emissions at the county level and holds significant implications for China's comprehensive push towards achieving its carbon neutrality objectives.

关键词： Carbon emissions Emission reduction County Carbon neutrality Sustainability

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Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio:Markers predicting immune-checkpoint inhibitor efficacy and immune-related adverse events

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 577-582页

作者： Qiu-Yu jiang ru-Yi Xue Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Zhongshan HospitalShanghai Institute of Liver DiseaseFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Shanghai Baoshan District Wusong Central Hospital(Zhongshan Hospital Wusong BranchFudan University)Shanghai 200940China

We conducted a comprehensive review of existing prediction models pertaining to the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)and the occurrence of immune-related adverse events(irAEs).The predictive potential of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)in determining ICI effectiveness has been extensively investigated,while limited research has been conducted on predicting ***,the combined model incor-porating NLR and PLR,either with each other or in conjunction with additional markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen,exhibits superior predictive capabilities compared to individual markers *** and PLR are promising markers for clinical *** models ought to incorporate established efficacious models and newly identified ones,thereby constituting a multifactor composite ***,efforts should be made to explore effective clinical application approaches that enhance the predictive accuracy and efficiency.

关键词： Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio Immunecheckpoint inhibitor Immune-related adverse event

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Perturbed low-thrust geostationary orbit transfer guidance via polynomial costate estimation

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第3期37卷 181-193页

作者： Zhao li Hengnian li Fanghua jiang Junfeng li State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics Xi’an Satellite Control CenterXi’an 710043China School of Aerospace Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

This paper proposes an optimal,robust,and efficient guidance scheme for the perturbed minimum-time low-thrust transfer toward the geostationary *** Earth’s oblateness perturbation and shadow are taken into *** is difficult for a Lyapunov-based or trajectory-tracking guidance method to possess multiple characteristics at the same time,including high guidance optimality,robustness,and onboard computational *** this work,a concise relationship between the minimum-time transfer problem with orbital averaging and its optimal solution is identified,which reveals that the five averaged initial costates that dominate the optimal thrust direction can be approximately determined by only four initial modified equinoctial orbit elements after a coordinate *** on this relationship,the optimal averaged trajectories constituting the training dataset are randomly generated around a nominal averaged *** polynomial regression models are trained on the training dataset and are regarded as the costate *** the transfer,the spacecraft can obtain the real-time approximate optimal thrust direction by combining the costate estimations provided by the estimators with the current state at any ***,all these computations onboard are *** simulation results show that the proposed guidance scheme possesses extremely high guidance optimality,robustness,and onboard computational efficiency.

关键词： Low thrust Orbital transfer Trajectory optimization Guidance Indirect method Orbital averaging Machine learning Geostationary satellites

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