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Immune checkpoint inhibition mediated with liposomal nanomedicine for cancer therapy

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Military Medical Research 2024年第1期11卷 98-114页

作者： guang-Long ma Wei-Feng Lin Faculty of Medicine Centre for Cancer ImmunologyUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK Department of Molecular Chemistry and materials Science Weizmann Institute of Science76100 RehovotIsrael Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education School of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)therapy for cancer has achieved great success both in clinical results and on the market.At the same time,success drives more attention from scientists to improve it.However,only a small portion of patients are responsive to this therapy,and it comes with a unique spectrum of side effects termed immunerelated adverse events(irAEs).The use of nanotechnology could improve ICBs’delivery to the tumor,assist them in penetrating deeper into tumor tissues and alleviate their irAEs.Liposomal nanomedicine has been investigated and used for decades,and is well-recognized as the most successful nano-drug delivery system.The successful combination of ICB with liposomal nanomedicine could help improve the efficacy of ICB therapy.In this review,we highlighted recent studies using liposomal nanomedicine(including new emerging exosomes and their inspired nanovesicles)in associating ICB therapy.

关键词： Liposome Exosome Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)

Micro/nanosystems for controllable drug delivery to the brain

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The Innovation 2024年第1期5卷 139-157页

作者： Mingzhen Tian Zhichao ma guang-Zhong Yang Institute of Medical Robotics School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Drug delivery to the brain is crucial in the treatment for central nervous system disorders.While significant progress has been made in recent years,there are still major challenges in achieving controllable drug delivery to the brain.Unmet clinical needs arise from various factors,including controlled drug transport,handling large drug doses,methods for crossing biological barriers,the use of imaging guidance,and effective models for analyzing drug delivery.Recent advances in micro/nanosystems have shown promise in addressing some of these challenges.These include the utilization of microfluidic platforms to test and validate the drug delivery process in a controlled and biomimetic setting,the development of novel micro/nanocarriers for large drug loads across the blood-brain barrier,and the implementation of micro-intervention systems for delivering drugs through intraparenchymal or peripheral routes.In this article,we present a review of the latest developments in micro/nanosystems for controllable drug delivery to the brain.We also delve into the relevant diseases,biological barriers,and conventional methods.In addition,we discuss future prospects and the development of emerging robotic micro/nanosystems equipped with directed transportation,real-time image guidance,and closed-loop control.

关键词： equipped doses barriers

Recent development of three-dimension printed graphene oxide and MXene-based energy storage devices

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Tungsten 2024年第1期6卷 196-211页

作者： Liang-Hao Yu Xin Tao Shang-ru Feng Jin-Tao Liu Lin-Lin Zhang guang-Zhen Zhao guang Zhu Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes Suzhou UniversitySuzhou 234000China Key Laboratory of Leather of Zhejiang Province College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325035China

The research for three-dimension(3D)printing carbon and carbide energy storage devices has attracted widespread exploration interests.Being designable in structure and materials,graphene oxide(GO)and MXene accompanied with a direct ink writing exhibit a promising prospect for constructing high areal and volume energy density devices.This review not only summarizes the recent advances in 3D printing energy storage devices including printing methods,ink rheological properties,and different energy storage systems,but also discusses the printing methods related to energy storage.In addition,the binder or additive free of two-dimensional carbide materials is quite important for the present electrochemical energy storage devices,which also are presented.

关键词： 3D printing Two-dimensional materials Energy storage device Ink theological MXene

Overview of the immunological mechanisms in hepatitis B virus reactivation:Implications for disease progression and management strategies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1295-1312页

作者： Hui ma Qing-Zhu Yan Jing-ru ma Dong-Fu Li Jun-Ling Yang Department of Clinical Laboratory The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130000Jilin ProvinceChina Department of Ultrasound Medicine The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130000Jilin ProvinceChina Digestive Diseases Center Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary MedicineThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130000Jilin ProvinceChina Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130000Jilin ProvinceChina

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation is a clinically significant challenge in disease management.This review explores the immunological mechanisms underlying HBV reactivation,emphasizing disease progression and management.It delves into host immune responses and reactivation’s delicate balance,spanning innate and adaptive immunity.Viral factors’disruption of this balance,as are interac-tions between viral antigens,immune cells,cytokine networks,and immune checkpoint pathways,are examined.Notably,the roles of T cells,natural killer cells,and antigen-presenting cells are discussed,highlighting their influence on disease progression.HBV reactivation’s impact on disease severity,hepatic flares,liver fibrosis progression,and hepatocellular carcinoma is detailed.management strategies,including anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches,are critically analyzed.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy during immunosuppressive treatments is explored alongside novel immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and prevent reactivation.In conclusion,this compre-hensive review furnishes a holistic view of the immunological mechanisms that propel HBV reactivation.With a dedicated focus on understanding its implic-ations for disease progression and the prospects of efficient management stra-tegies,this article contributes significantly to the knowledge base.The more profound insights into the intricate interactions between viral elements and the immune system will inform evidence-based approaches,ultimately enhancing disease management and elevating patient outcomes.The dynamic landscape of management strategies is critically scrutinized,spanning anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy in preventing reactivation during immunosuppressive treatments and the potential of innovative immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and proactively deter reactivation.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus reactivation Immunological mechanisms Disease progression management strategies Immune response

The effects of various factors on spontaneous imbibition in tight oil reservoirs

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 315-326页

作者： Cheng Liu Tian-ru Wang Qing You Yue-Chun Du guang Zhao Cai-Li Dai School of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing100083PR China School of Petroleum Engineering China University of PetroleumQingdao266580ShandongPR China

Slickwater fracturing fluids have gained widespread application in the development of tight oil reservoirs. After the fracturing process, the active components present in slickwater can directly induce spontaneous imbibition within the reservoir. Several variables influence the eventual recovery rate within this procedure, including slickwater composition, formation temperature, degree of reservoir fracture development, and the reservoir characteristics. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms governing these influences remain relatively understudied. In this investigation, using the Chang-7 block of the Changqing Oilfield as the study site, we employ EM-30 slickwater fracturing fluid to explore the effects of the drag-reducing agent concentration, imbibition temperature, core permeability, and core fracture development on spontaneous imbibition. An elevated drag-reducing agent concentration is observed to diminish the degree of medium and small pore utilization. Furthermore, higher temperatures and an augmented permeability enhance the fluid flow properties, thereby contributing to an increased utilization rate across all pore sizes. Reduced fracture development results in a lower fluid utilization across diverse pore types. This study deepens our understanding of the pivotal factors affecting spontaneous imbibition in tight reservoirs following fracturing. The findings act as theoretical, technical, and scientific foundations for optimizing fracturing strategies in tight oil reservoir transformations.

关键词： Tight oil reservoir Spontaneous imbibition Nuclear magnetic resonance Slickwater fracturing fluid Fluid utilization degree

Electromagnetic fields in ultra-peripheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第2期35卷 103-109页

作者： Jie Zhao Jin-Hui Chen Xu-guang Huang Yu-Gang ma Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics NSFC and Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Physics Department and Center for Particle Physics and Field Theory Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions(UPCs)offer unique opportunities to study processes under strong electromagnetic fields.In these collisions,highly charged fast-moving ions carry strong electromagnetic fields that can be effectively treated as photon fluxes.The exchange of photons can induce photonuclear and two-photon interactions and excite ions.This excitation of the ions results in Coulomb dissociation with the emission of photons,neutrons,and other particles.Additionally,the electromagnetic fields generated by the ions can be sufficiently strong to enforce mutual interactions between the two colliding ions.Consequently,the two colliding ions experience an electromagnetic force that pushes them in opposite directions,causing a back-to-back correlation in the emitted neutrons.Using a Monte Carlo simulation,we qualitatively demonstrate that the above electromagnetic effect is large enough to be observed in UPCs,which would provide a clear means to study strong electromagnetic fields and their effects.

关键词： Electromagnetic fields Neutrons Ultra-peripheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions(UPC)

Heterogeneous body compositions and all-cause mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients:a ten-year retrospective cohort study

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第5期21卷 534-541页

作者： guang-Zhi LIAO Lin BAI Yu-Yang YE Xue-Feng CHEN Xin-ru HU Yong PENG Department of Cardiology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina

BACKGROUND The association of different body components,including lean mass and body fat,with the risk of death in acute coronary syndrome(ACS)patients are unclear.METHODS We enrolled adults diagnosed with ACS at our center between January 2011 and December 2012 and obtained fol-low-up outcomes via telephone questionnaires.We used restricted cubic splines(RCS)with the Cox proportional hazards model to analyze the associations between body mass index(BMI),predicted lean mass index(LMI),predicted body fat percentage(BF),and the value of LMI/BF with 10-year mortality.We also examined the secondary outcome of death during hospitalization.RESULTS During the maximum 10-year follow-up of 1398 patients,331 deaths(23.6%)occurred,and a U-shaped relationship was found between BMI and death risk(P_(nonlinearity)=0.03).After adjusting for age and history of diabetes,the overweight group(24≤BMImay serve as useful tools for assessing nutritional status and predicting the prognosis of ACS,based on their linear associations with all-cause mortality.

关键词： patients mortality coronary

Diagnosis and treatment experience of atypical hepatic cystic echinococcosis type 1 at a tertiary center in China

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第5期30卷 462-470页

作者： Yu-Peng Li Jie Zhang Zhi-De Li Chao ma guang-Lei Tian Yuan Meng Xiong Chen Zhi-Gang ma Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionUrumqi 830000Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina

BACKGROUND Some hydatid cysts of cystic echinococcosis type 1(CE1)lack well-defined cyst walls or distinctive endocysts,making them difficult to differentiate from simple hepatic cysts.AIM To investigate the diagnostic methods for atypical hepatic CE1 and the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic surgeries.METHODS The clinical data of 93 patients who had a history of visiting endemic areas of CE and were diagnosed with cystic liver lesions for the first time at the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(China)from January 2018 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Clinical diagnoses were made based on findings from serum immunoglobulin tests for echinococcosis,routine abdominal ultrasound,high-frequency ultrasound,abdominal computed tomography(CT)scan,and laparoscopy.Subsequent to the treatments,these patients underwent reexaminations at the outpatient clinic until October 2023.The evaluations included the diagnostic precision of diverse examinations,the efficacy of surgical approaches,and the incidence of CE recurrence.RESULTS All 93 patients were diagnosed with simple hepatic cysts by conventional abdominal ultrasound and abdominal CT scan.Among them,16 patients were preoperatively diagnosed with atypical CE1,and 77 were diagnosed with simple hepatic cysts by high-frequency ultrasound.All the 16 patients preoperatively diagnosed with atypical CE1 underwent laparoscopy,of whom 14 patients were intraoperatively confirmed to have CE1,which was consistent with the postoperative pathological diagnosis,one patient was diagnosed with a mesothelial cyst of the liver,and the other was diagnosed with a hepatic cyst combined with local infection.Among the 77 patients who were preoperatively diagnosed with simple hepatic cysts,4 received aspiration sclerotherapy of hepatic cysts,and 19 received laparoscopic fenestration.These patients were intraoperatively diagnosed with simple hepatic cysts.During the followup period,none of the 14 patients with CE1 experienced recurrence or implantation of hydatid sc

关键词： Hepatic echinococcosis Hepatic cystic echinococcosis type 1 Hepatic cyst Color Doppler ultrasound Laparoscopy

Coherent link between a Ti:sapphire comb and a 1.5μm laser via nonlinear interaction in photonic crystal fiber

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Photonics Research 2024年第2期12卷 350-355页

作者： YUAN YAO HAOSEN SHI guang YANG BO LI CONGYU WANG HONGFU YU LONGSHENG ma YANYI JIANG State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

Optical clock networks have distinct advantages for the dissemination of time/frequency,geodesy,and fundamental research.To realize such a network,the telecom band and optical atomic clocks have to be coherently bridged.Since the telecom band and optical atomic clocks reside in a distinct spectral region,second-harmonic generation is usually introduced to bridge the large frequency gap.In this paper,we introduce a new method to coherently link a 1550 nm continuous wave laser with a Ti:sapphire mode-locked laser-based optical frequency comb.By coupling the 1550 nm continuous wave laser light and the Ti:sapphire comb light together into a photonic crystal fiber,nonlinear interaction takes place,and new comblike frequency components related to the 1550 nm laser frequency are generated in the visible region.Consequently,we can detect beat notes between two combs in the visible region with a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 40 dB in a resolution bandwidth of300 kHz.With this signal,we realize an optical frequency divider for converting the frequency of optical clocks in the visible region to the telecom band at 1.55μm.An out-of-loop measurement shows that the additional noise and uncertainty induced in optical frequency conversion are 5×10^(-18)at 1 s averaging time and 2.2×10^(-19),respectively,which are limited by the uncompensated light path fluctuation but fulfill precision measurement using state-of-the-art optical clocks.

关键词： fiber interaction nonlinear