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指向高质量课堂的听评课量表设计及其关键问题

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教学与管理 2025年第1期 24-28页

作者：户艳茹方妍清华大学教育研究院北京100084 清华大学附属中学北京100084

在建设高质量课堂的时代背景下,重新设计课堂听评课框架与维度,有助于倒逼教师专业成长,反促课堂提质增效。在深刻反思现有听评课量表存在不足、尤其是缺乏科学量化标准的前提下,重新设计的旨在提升课堂质量的听评课量表主要包括2个观... 详细信息

在建设高质量课堂的时代背景下,重新设计课堂听评课框架与维度,有助于倒逼教师专业成长,反促课堂提质增效。在深刻反思现有听评课量表存在不足、尤其是缺乏科学量化标准的前提下,重新设计的旨在提升课堂质量的听评课量表主要包括2个观察维度、6个观察要素、13个观察指标和26个观察点。在教学实践中应用这一听评课量表,需要注意凸显学生的主体性、全面性与个性化,构建民主平等的课堂生命共同体,展现时代风格与学校特色,形成良性教研文化和沟通合作机制。

关键词：高质量课堂听评课量表教研制度

Effect of vegetation on soil bacteria and their potential functions for ecological restoration in the Hulun Buir Sandy Land,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第3期12卷 473-494页

作者： yan ru FENG Wei yanchi Research Station School of Soil and Water ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering of the Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

To date,much of research on revegetation has focused on soil microorganisms due to their contributions in the formation of soil and soil remediation ***,little is known about the soil bacteria and their functions respond to the diverse vegetational types in the process of vegetation *** of dominated vegetation,i.e.,Artemisia halodendron Turcz Ex Bess,Caragana microphylla Lam.,Hedysarum fruticosum *** Pinus sylvestris *** bacterial community structures and their potential functions in the Hulun Buir Sandy Land,China were determined using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states(PICruSt)in *** the dominant phyla of soil bacterial community among different types of vegetation,including Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes,were similar,the relative abundance of these dominant groups significantly differed,indicating that different types of vegetation might result in variations in the composition of soil bacterial *** addition,functional genes of bacterial populations were similar among different types of vegetation,whereas its relative abundance was significantly *** carbon fixation genes showed a high relative abundance in ***,*** carbon decomposition genes in ***,suggesting the variations in carbon cycling potential of different types of *** of assimilatory nitrate reduction genes was the highest in ***,*** nitrate reduction and nitrate reductase genes in ***,indicating higher nitrogen gasification loss and lower nitrogen utilization gene functions in *** structures and functional genes of soil bacterial community showed marked sensitivities to different plant species,presenting the potentials for regulating soil carbon and nitrogen cycling.

关键词： bacterial taxonomic composition functional gene vegetational type soil carbon and nitrogen 16S rRNA

“双一流”高校实施本科生导师制的现状与特征

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黑龙江高教研究 2025年第1期43卷 38-44页

作者：戚佳刘继安徐艳茹中国科学院大学北京100049

加强拔尖创新人才自主培养,是服务实现科技自立自强、建设教育强国的必然要求。本科生导师制是培养拔尖创新人才的重要手段。选取33所具有代表性“双一流”高校的87份本科生导师制管理与实施办法文件,采用文本分析法总结梳理目前本科生... 详细信息

加强拔尖创新人才自主培养,是服务实现科技自立自强、建设教育强国的必然要求。本科生导师制是培养拔尖创新人才的重要手段。选取33所具有代表性“双一流”高校的87份本科生导师制管理与实施办法文件,采用文本分析法总结梳理目前本科生导师制管理办法的特征。研究发现,“双一流”高校推行的本科生导师制形式多样,制度在实施理念方面突出人才培养,在管理要求方面注重建立组织运行的保障机制以及强化“德才兼备”的导师述选标准,但存在导师职责泛化、对导师要求较高而激励不足、导师培训内容尚不完善以及普遍缺失学生权利与义务的问题。基于此,为了进一步提升本科生导师制的科学性、完备性和可操作性,提出明确导师职责、完善导师培训与考核、凸显学生权利和义务等对策建议。

关键词：本科生导师制 “双一流”高校人才培养制度文本分析

内皮细胞特异性骨形态发生蛋白2对血管新生的影响:生物信息学分析和实验验证

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中国组织工程研究 2025年第1期29卷 103-110页

作者：燕茹王凯茹张飞燕贾绍斌丛广志宁夏医科大学总医院心内科宁夏回族自治区银川市750004 宁夏医科大学总医院医学研究院宁夏回族自治区银川市750004 宁夏医科大学总医院心血管病研究所宁夏回族自治区银川市750004

背景:血管新生是心血管疾病的主要干预靶点,骨形态发生蛋白2具有调控血管新生作用,但内皮细胞特异性骨形态发生蛋白2对血管新生的调控作用不清楚。目的:探讨内皮细胞特异性骨形态发生蛋白2对血管新生的影响。方法:(1)生物信息学分析:通... 详细信息

背景:血管新生是心血管疾病的主要干预靶点,骨形态发生蛋白2具有调控血管新生作用,但内皮细胞特异性骨形态发生蛋白2对血管新生的调控作用不清楚。目的:探讨内皮细胞特异性骨形态发生蛋白2对血管新生的影响。方法:(1)生物信息学分析:通过Panglao DB公共基因表达数据库单细胞转录组荟萃分析观察骨形态发生蛋白2细胞群表达丰度和定位。血管新生小鼠和内皮(心内膜)过表达骨形态发生蛋白2小鼠转录组测序数据集探索内皮细胞骨形态发生蛋白2对血管新生信号通路的调控作用。(2)体内实验验证:建立小鼠后肢缺血模型,对比模型小鼠患侧与健侧缺血后肢7,14和21 d血流灌注情况,免疫荧光和免疫组织化学染色评估小鼠骨形态发生蛋白2和CD31的表达定位情况。(3)体外实验验证:体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,分为对照组、缺氧组和骨形态发生蛋白2抑制剂(Noggin蛋白)干预组,培养24 h,观察各组内皮细胞血管新生情况。结果与结论:(1)内皮细胞是表达骨形态发生蛋白2的重要细胞亚群,在血管新生内皮细胞和骨形态发生蛋白2过表达内皮细胞转录组再分析均发现骨形态发生蛋白2表达明显升高,血管新生通路明显激活。(2)缺血7 d小鼠新生血管周围骨形态发生蛋白2阳性血管明显增加(P<0.05),缺血2周骨形态发生蛋白2阳性血管明显减少(P<0.001)。(3)体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,缺氧干预后,内皮细胞迁移能力和血管出芽明显增加,血管新生因子血管内皮生长因子和血小板衍生生长因子的表达明显升高,Noggin明显减少了缺氧诱导的内皮细胞血管新生(P<0.001),并下调血管内皮生长因子和血小板衍生生长因子的表达(P<0.01)。(4)结果证实,内皮细胞特异性骨形态发生蛋白2具有调控血管新生作用,靶向性内皮细胞骨形态发生蛋白2可望改善血管新生。

关键词：内皮细胞骨形态发生蛋白2 血管新生单细胞RNA测序批量RNA测序信号通路后肢缺血模型成管实验

C反应蛋白/白蛋白比值对2型糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死患者远期不良心脑血管事件的预测价值研究

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中国全科医学 2025年第6期28卷 705-712页

作者：马娟马盛宗燕茹马学平贾绍斌宁夏医科大学总医院心血管内科宁夏回族自治区银川市750000 宁夏回族自治区人民医院妇产科宁夏回族自治区银川市750000

背景急性心肌梗死(AMI)是威胁全球公众健康的主要原因之一。虽然已有相应的再灌注治疗策略,但AMI相关的主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCEs)仍然是全世界人口死亡的原因之一。尤其合并糖尿病的AMI患者,因冠状动脉病变复杂,病变程度严重,尽早... 详细信息

背景急性心肌梗死(AMI)是威胁全球公众健康的主要原因之一。虽然已有相应的再灌注治疗策略,但AMI相关的主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCEs)仍然是全世界人口死亡的原因之一。尤其合并糖尿病的AMI患者,因冠状动脉病变复杂,病变程度严重,尽早发现和判断该部分患者远期预后相对困难,因此寻找相对简便、易获得的实验室指标,有利于为2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并AMI患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后MACCEs的预测提供依据。目的探讨血清C反应蛋白(CRP)/白蛋白(Alb)比值(CAR)对T2DM合并AMI患者PCI术后远期MACCEs的预测价值。方法纳入2014—2019年就诊于宁夏医科大学总医院心血管内科1683例T2DM合并AMI患者为研究对象,收集患者的一般临床资料与检查结果。对所有患者进行电话或门诊随访,以全因死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、再发不稳定型心绞痛、非致死性脑卒中、新发心力衰竭或心力衰竭加重再入院、再次血运重建作为MACCEs。根据患者随访期间是否发生MACCEs分为MACCEs组(508例)和非MACCEs组(1175例)。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析探讨T2DM合并AMI患者MACCEs事件的影响因素。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制患者的生存曲线,生存曲线的比较采用Log-rank检验。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析CAR对T2DM合并AMI患者远期发生MACCEs的预测效能,使用净重分类改善指标(NRI)和综合判别指数(IDI)评价CAR对T2DM合并AMI患者预后评估的改善效果。结果1683例患者中508例(30.18%)患者发生MACCEs。多因素Logistic回归分析显示高血压病[OR(95%CI)=1.994(1.142~3.483)]、冠状动脉植入支架长度[OR(95%CI)=1.031(1.002~1.062)]、CRP[OR(95%CI)=0.950(0.915~0.986)]、Alb[OR(95%CI)=0.933(0.880~0.989)]及CAR[OR(95%CI)=5.582(1.705~18.277)]是T2DM合并AMI患者PCI术后发生MACCEs的影响因素(P<0.05)。根据CAR中位表达水平(0.86),将患者分为CAR<0.86组和CAR≥0.86组,Log-rank检验结果显示,CAR≥0.86组MACCEs发生率高于CAR<0.86组(52.68%与22.92%;χ^(2)=65.65,P<0.001)。ROC曲线显示CAR预测T2DM合并AMI患者发生MACCEs的ROC曲线下面积为0.728(95%CI=0.702~0.754),最佳截断值为0.576,灵敏度为0.617,特异度为0.747。在基线模型基础上,与CRP、Alb相比,CAR能明显改善对患者发生MACCEs的预测效果(NRI=0.377,IDI=0.166,C指数=0.690;P<0.05)。结论CAR是T2DM合并AMI患者PCI术后远期MACCEs发生风险的有效预测指标。

关键词：心肌梗死糖尿病,2型主要不良心脑血管事件 C反应蛋白白蛋白预测

An Alternating Polymer of Two Building Blocks Based on B←N Unit:Non-fullerene Acceptor for Organic Photovoltaics

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2017年第2期35卷 198-206页

作者： ru-yan Zhao 窦传冬刘俊 Li-xiang Wang State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

B-N coordination bond can be used to develop polymer electron acceptors for efficient all-polymer solar cells （all-PSCs）. Here, we report a new alternating conjugated polymer containing two building blocks based on B-N unit. The polymer exhibits strong light absorption in the visible range, low-lying LUMO/HOMO energy levels and moderate electron mobility. The resulting all-PSC devices exhibit power conversion efficiencies of 1.50%-2.47%.

关键词： All-polymer solar cells Polymer acceptor Boron B-N coordination bond

Plastic bronchitis associated with Botrytis cinerea infection in a child:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第20期8卷 5019-5024页

作者： yan-ru Liu Tao Ai Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731Sichuan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Plastic bronchitis(PB)frequently occurs in children after the surgical repair of congenital cardiac defects or in the presence of inflammatory or allergic diseases of the *** epidemiological data of this condition are still *** SUMMARY A 5-year-old boy,with a clear medical history,presented to our hospital with persistent cough and pneumonia with segmental atelectasis on chest computerized *** showed no significant improvement after 1 wk of amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium *** casts were extracted using flexible *** examination of the dendritic cast confirmed the diagnosis of type I *** cinerea was detected by next-generation sequencing of the bronchoalveolar lavage *** the removal of the airway obstruction and fluconazole treatment,the patient recovered and was discharged 14 d after admission without the recurrence of *** Botrytis cinerea pneumonia should be considered in children with PB who still have prolonged cough and atelectasis after a regular course of antibiotic *** bronchoscopy and etiological examination should be performed in a timely manner to determine the diagnosis,clear the airway obstruction,and target etiological treatment.

关键词： Bronchial casts Botrytis cinerea Pneumonia Children Case report

The damage evolution behavior of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete subjected to sulfate attack based on acoustic emission

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022年第3期16卷 316-328页

作者： Ninghui LIANG Jinwang MAO ru yan Xinrong LIU Xiaohan ZHOU School of Civil Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China National Joint Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Environmental Geological Hazards in the TGR Area Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China Power China Chengdu Engineering Corporation Ltd. Chengdu 610072China

To study the damage evolution behavior of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete(PFRC)subjected to sulfate attack,a uniaxial compression test was carried out based on acoustic emission(AE).The effect of sulfate attack relative to time and fiber hybridization were analyzed and the compression damage factor was calculated using a mathematical *** changes to AE ringing counts during the compression could be divided into compaction,elastic,and AE signal hyperactivity *** the initial stage of sulfate attack,the concrete micropores and microcracks were compacted gradually under external load and a corrosion products filling effect,and this corresponded with detection of few AE signals and with concrete compression strength *** increasing sulfate attack time,AE activity *** cumulative AE ringing counts of PFRC at all corrosion ages were much higher than those for plain *** could still produce AE signals after peak load due to drawing effect of polypropylene *** 150 d of sulfate attack,the cumulative AE ringing counts of plain concrete went down by about an order of magnitude,while that for PFRC remained at a high *** initial damage factor of hybrid PFRC was-0.042 and-0.056 respectively after 150 d of corrosion,indicating that the advantage of hybrid polypropylene fiber was more obvious than plain concrete and single-doped *** on a deterioration equation,the corrosion resistance coefficient of hybrid PFRC would be less than 0.75 after 42 drying-wetting sulfate attack cycles,which was 40%longer than that of plain concrete.

关键词： polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete sulfate attack damage evolution behavior acoustic emission damage factor

High-level theoretical study of the evolution of abundances and interconversion of glycine conformers

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第4期27卷 264-271页

作者： Fan Liu Jing Yu yan-ru Huang College of Science Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 China

The relative conformer energies of glycine are evaluated by using a focal point analysis expressed as（HF→MP2→MP3→CCSD→CCSD（T））.The conformer abundances at various temperatures（298–500 K） are calculated based on the relative energies and Boltzmann statistical thermostatistical analysis with and without considering internal hindered rotations.A comparison between the available Raman spectrum and the electron momentum spectrum confirms that the influence of rigid-rotor hindered rotation on the conformational proportions of glycine is considerable,especially for the IIIp *** conformational interconversions are *** is found that with increasing temperature,the mole fraction of IIn keeps constant and Ip structure can convert into IVn and IIIp,leading to the decrease in the weight of Ip and the increase in the weights of IVn and IIIp conformers,which is in accordance with experimental observations.

关键词： glycine conformation abundance interconversion