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Proximate Composition,Fatty Acid Profile and Mycotoxin Contamination in Several Varieties of Mexican Maize

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2017年第9期8卷 865-872页

作者： Silvia Denise Pena Betancourt Rey Gutiérrez tolentino Beatriz Schettino Toxicology Laboratory Department of Agricultural and Animal Production Autonomous Metropolitan UniversityMexico CityMexico

In Mexico maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal due to excellent taste and nutritional value. Nutritional content and fatty acid profile has been reported in white maize, however, there are several genotypes natives (red, yellow, black, blue, pinto), and many improved hybrids maize of which little is known. Fumonisins and aflatoxins are mycotoxins present in 25% of the world’s cereals, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. This study presents the analysis of proximate composition (ash, protein, lipids), as well as mycotoxins (fumonisins and aflatoxins) and five different fatty acids, two of saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic) and three of polyunsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic and linolenic), evaluated by Gas Chromatography and Flame Detector (GC-DF). Thirty varieties of maize (native and hybrid maize) were collected in states of central region. The total fumonisins were determined using the QuickTox TM extraction and quantificated by QuickScan fumonisins;the aflatoxins were analyzed by commercial ELISA kit. The highest protein level was 10.43 g/100g, 5.63 g/100g for fat, 1.62 g/100g for ash in hybrid maize. In native maize, the highest levels of protein and ash were 10.94 g/100g and 1.45 g/100g for pinto maize. The higher value for fat was 5.45 g/100g in yellow maize. The palmitic and stearic acids, in native maize were higher that hybrid maize, for linoleic acid and linoleinic fatty with a significant difference between native corn. Fumonisins and aflatoxins were contaminated in all genotypes of maize, in allow levels. This information obtained may be considered in maize breeding programs, industrialization processes and healthy diets.

关键词： Zea mays L. Fatty Acid Profile Fumonisins Aflatoxins Mexican Corn

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Functional Foods, Old Age and Diabetes

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第16期6卷 1507-1513页

作者： Marta Coronado Herrera Rey Gutiérrez tolentino Salvador Vega y León Claudia Radilla Vázquez Marcela Vazquez Francisca María de Lourdes Ramírez Vega Department of Agricultural and Animal Production Universidad Aut&oacute noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco Distrito Federal M&eacute xico Department of Health Care Universidad Aut&oacute noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco Distrito Federal M&eacute xico Master of Agricultural Sciences Universidad Aut&oacute noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco Distrito Federal M&eacute xico

The aim of this paper is to analyze aspects of nutrition and nourishment among elderly diabetic people. It is presented the current research of products with functional food properties that provide not only nutritional value but also other components which encourage a better quality of life during aging. In addition, it includes natural and industrialized functional foods that are commercialized and may be good for daily consumption.

关键词： Old Age Functional Foods Type 2 Diabetes

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Association of Vegetable Consumption with Nutritional Status in Adolescents in Mexico City

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第14期7卷 1414-1422页

作者： Claudia Cecilia Radilla Vázquez Salvador Vega y León Rey Gutiérrez tolentino María Radilla Vázquez Marcela Vazquez Francisca Clemente Sierra Cortés Marta Coronado Herrera Juan Gabriel Rivera Martínez Department of Health Care Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM-X) Mexico City Mexico Department of Agricultural and Animal Production Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM-X) Mexico City Mexico Metropolitan Autonomous University Mexico City Mexico Department of Reproductive Biology Autonomous Metropolitan University (UAM-I) Mexico City Mexico

It has been documented that increased vegetable consumption is associated with preventive effects in some public health problems such as obesity and some chronic noncommunicable diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the association of nutritional status with vegetable consumption in adolescents from Technical High Schools in Mexico City. A sample of 2368 adolescents was obtained who were applied a questionnaire of frequency food consumption and anthropometric measurements were taken, the nutritional diagnosis was obtained with Who Anthro Plus program. The data obtained were analyzed with the statistical package SPSS version 20.0 for Windows Statistics®. When the correlation of frequency consumption of vegetables with nutritional status, in the final phase, It found that teens who never ate vegetables were more likely to develop obesity (36.0% GI and 36.10% GC), compared with teens who consumed daily (8.9% GI and 2.10% GC), existing difference highly significant. The teenagers of the Technical High School in Mexico City in the intervention group presented a basal daily intake of 15.7% and after the intervention their intake increased to 21.3%. With respect to the control group it started with a daily intake of 12.6% to 14.9% increasing it. An increase was achieved in the daily consumption of vegetables in adolescents of both groups so it is concluded that the intervention was successful.

关键词： Adolescents Vegetables Overweight Obesity Mexico

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Organochlorine Pesticides in Infant Milk Formulas Marketed in the South of Mexico City

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第13期5卷 1290-1298页

作者： Rey Gutiérrez tolentino Salvador Vegay León Beatriz Schettino Bermúdez Guadalupe Prado Flores María de Lourdes Ramírez Vega Claudia Radilla Vázquez María Radilla Vázquez Marcela Vazquez Francisca Departamento de Atención a la Salud Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco Coyoacán D.F. México Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco Coyoacán D.F. México Puente de Piedra #150 Tlalpan D.F. México Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana México D.F. México

The nature of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and their physical-chemical properties exert immediate action of control on live systems, which has justified their use in agricultural practices. Their long life makes them a persistent ecological aggressor and biomagnifier. They reach foods by biotic and abiotic means, and are absorbed and accumulate in adipose tissue. In lactation processes, they are excreted in milk through the mobilization of fats. Diverse studies have identified them as neurotoxic, affecting reproductive processes, altering the immunological response and act as endocrine disruptors. An analysis was made of the content of organochlorine pesticides in twenty-one samples of infant milk formulas marketed in the south of Mexico City in 2010. The determinations were made following the protocols of the International Dairy Federation, by means of gas chromatography with electron capture detector, and the majority presence was found of α-HCH (100%), β-HCH (95.2%), γ-HCH (90.5%), aldrin (85.7%), heptachlor (80.9%) and heptachlor epoxide (80.9%) with mean values of 0.24, 0.13, 0.32, 0.62, 0.92 and 0.18 μg/kg of fat, respectively;all below the limits permitted by the Codex Alimentarius. With null or lower recurrence and in lowerquantities, the family of DDT, endrin, endrin aldehyde and the endosulphanes were quantified.

关键词： Organochlorine Pesticides Infant Milk Formulas Gas Chromatography Mexico

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Composition of Triacylglycerols in Fats of Cow and Goat Milk Produced in Four Zones of Mexico

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第6期6卷 555-561页

作者： Rey Gutié rrez tolentino Salvador Vega y Leó n Mario Noa Pé rez Marta Coronado Herrera Acacia Ramí rez Ayala José Jesús Pé rez González Beatriz Schettino Bermúdez Rutilio Ortiz Salinas Marcela Vazquez Francisca Juan Gabriel Rivera Martí nez Departamento de Producció n Agrí cola y Animal Universidad Aut&oacute noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco M&eacute xico D.F. M&eacute xico Departamento de Salud Pública Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara M&eacute xico Maestrí a en Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Aut&oacute noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco M&eacute xico D.F. M&eacute xico Departamento de Biologí a de la Reproducció n Universidad Aut&oacute noma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa M&eacute xico D.F. M&eacute xico

The study of the triacylglycerols (TAG) by gas chromatography (GC) using capillary columns is an efficient technique for the determination of some characteristics of quality of fats and oils. The objective of the present study was to determine by GC the content of TAG present in fat of cow and goat milk produced in four zones of Mexico. According to criteria established in Mexican Standardization, 25 samples were obtained of 1 L of ultra-pasteurized cow milk (UHT) and 27 and 48 of raw cow and goat milk, respectively. The fat was extracted from all of the milk samples by detergent solution, and was stored at –20℃ until its analysis. The chromatographic conditions made it possible to identify and quantify TAG of 28 to 54 numbers of carbons, which were analyzed under descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. For the cow milk fat, the statistical analyses indicated significant difference (p < 0.05) in the TAG C34, C50 and C52, and for the goat milk fat in the TAG of C36 to C52. No equality of means was found among the TAG of the cow and goat milk fat. This study offers an advance in the characterization of the TAG present in the cow and goat milk fat produced in Mexico.

关键词： Cow Milk Goat Milk Mexico Triacylglycerols

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