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Recharge and vulnerability assessment of groundwater resources in North west India:Insights from isotope-geospatial modelling approach

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 247-262页

作者： Annadasankar roy Sitangshu Chatterjee Uday Kumar Sinha Anil Kumar Jain Hemant Mohokar Ajay Jaryal Tirumalesh Keesari Harish Jagat Pant Isotope and Radiation Application Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreTrombayMumbai–400085India Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai 400094India Central Ground Water Board AhmedabadGujaratIndia

Recent studies indicate dwindling groundwater quantity and quality of the largest regional aquifer system in North West India,raising concern over freshwater availability to about 182 million population residing in this *** agricultural activities have resulted severe groundwater pollution in this area,demanding a systematic vulnerability assessment for proactive *** vulnerability assessment models encounter drawbacks due to subjectivity,complexity,data-prerequisites,and spatial-temporal *** study incorporates isotopic information into a weighted-overlay framework to overcome the above-mentioned limitations and proposes a novel vulnerability assessment *** isotope methodology provides crucial insights on groundwater recharge mechanisms(18O and 2H)and dynamics(3H)-often ignored in vulnerability *** characterisation of precipitation helped in establishing Local Meteoric Water Line(LMWL)as well as inferring contrasting recharge mechanisms operating in different *** aquifer(depthed significant evaporative signature with evaporation loss accounting up to 18.04%based on Rayleigh distillation ***-aquifer connections were apparent from Kernel Density estimate(KDe)and isotope correlations.A weighted overlay isotope-geospatial model was developed combining 18O,3H,aquifer permeability,and water level *** central and northern parts of study area fall under least(0.29%)and extremely(1.79%)vulnerable zones respectively,while majority of the study area fall under moderate(42.71%)and highly vulnerable zones(55.20%).Model validation was performed using groundwater NO3-concentration,which showed an overall accuracy up to 82%.Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS)was performed for sensitivity analysis and permeability was found to be the most sensitive input parameter,followed by 3H,18O,and water *** the vulnerability map with Land Use Land Cover(LULC)and population density maps

关键词： Agricultural pollution Data scarcity Recharge mechanism Rayleigh distillation Isotope-geospatial model Vulnerability assessment

In Vitro Antioxidant and Radio Protective Activities of Lycopene from Tomato extract against Radiation—Induced DNA Aberration

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第2期12卷 202-213页

作者： Safaiatul Islam Abu Hena Mostofa Kamal Md. Ziaur Rahman Protul Kumar roy A.Y.K. Md. Masud Rana Molecular Radiobiology and Biodosimetry Division Institute of Food and Radiation Biology Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission Savar Bangladesh

Background: The accumulation of free radicals is linked to a number of diseases. Free radicals can be scavenged by antioxidants and reduce their harmful effects. It is therefore essential to look for naturally occurring antioxidants that come from plants, as synthetic antioxidants are toxic, carcinogenic and problematic for the environment. Lycopene is one of the carotenoids, a pigment that dissolves in fat and has antioxidant properties. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity were assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The impact of lycopene on bacteria (e. coli) susceptibility to γ-radiation was examined by radio sensitivity assay. The study also examined the induction of strand breaks in plasmid pUC19 DNA and how lycopene extract protected the DNA from γ-radiation in vitro. Results: At varying concentrations, lycopene demonstrated its ability to scavenge free radicals such as 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). IC50 for lycopene was determined at 112 μg/mL which was almost partial to IC50 of standard antioxidant L-ascorbic acid. The D10 value 180 Gy of e. coli was found to be >2-fold higher in the extract-containing lycopene sample than in the extract-free controls. The lycopene extracts inhibited the radiation-induced deterioration of the plasmid pUC19 DNA. At an IC50 concentration, lycopene provided the highest level of protection. Conclusion: Lycopene functions as an efficient free radical scavenger and possible natural antioxidant source. For cancer patients and others who frequently expose themselves to radiation, lycopene may be a useful plant-based pharmaceutical product for treating a variety of diseases caused by free radicals.

关键词： Radio Protective Antioxidants Free Radical DNA Damage pUC19 Plasmid Gamma Irradiation DPPH

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莫迪着眼“发达印度”愿景

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第7期 22-24页

作者： Ruchi Bhatia Anup roy 易语(译) 不详

印度经济的发展速度真能快到使之可以实现总理莫迪的2047愿景?经济学家对此深表怀疑。2022年8月,印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪(Narendra Modi)在新德里历史悠久的红堡(Red Fort)发表演讲时作出了一个大胆承诺:到2047年,印度将身发达国家之列... 详细信息

印度经济的发展速度真能快到使之可以实现总理莫迪的2047愿景?经济学家对此深表怀疑。2022年8月,印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪(Narendra Modi)在新德里历史悠久的红堡(Red Fort)发表演讲时作出了一个大胆承诺:到2047年,印度将身发达国家之列。这种一年一度的独立日演讲通常都不乏空头承诺和宏伟愿景,因此当时也并无人多加在意。

关键词：莫迪空头愿景伦德拉印度经济的发展发达国家承诺

Two-Stent Strategy for Bifurcation Lesions in Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty: Real-World evidence

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第3期14卷 140-156页

作者： Dilip Kumar Amit Malviya Animesh Mishra Rabin Chakraborty Sanjeev S. Mukherjee Soumya Patra Arindam Pande Rana Rathor roy Debopriyo Mondal Ashesh Halder Sumit Shanker Medica Superspecialty Hospital 127 Eastern Metropolitan Bypass Nitai Nagar Mukundapur Kolkata West Bengal India North eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health & Medical Sciences (NeIGRIHMS) Mawdiangdiang Shillong Meghalaya India

Background: Bifurcation lesions pose a high risk for adverse events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). evidence supporting the benefits of the two-stent strategy (2SS) for treating coronary bifurcation lesions in India is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of various 2SSs for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for bifurcation lesions in India. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, observational, multicentric, real-world study included 64 patients over 8 years. Data on demographics, medical history, PCI procedures, and outcomes were recorded. Descriptive statistics were computed using the SPSS software. Results: Patients (n = 64) had an average age of 65.3 ± 11.1 years, with 78.1% males. Acute coronary syndrome was reported in 18.8%, chronic stable angina in 40.6%, and unstable angina in 34.4% of participants. Two-vessel disease was observed in 98.4% of patients, and 99.4% had true bifurcation lesions. The commonly involved vessels were the left anterior descending artery (50%), left circumflex coronary artery (34.4%), and first diagonal artery (43.8%). Mean percent diameter stenosis was 87.2% ± 10.1%. The mean number of stents used was 2.00 ± 0.34. The 2SS techniques included the T and small protrusion (TAP) (39.1%), double kissing (DK) crush (18.8%), and the culotte techniques (14.1%). Procedural and angiographic success rate was 92.18%. Major adverse cardiovascular events at 1-year follow-up occurred in 7.8% of cases. Conclusion: The 2SS for bifurcation lesions showed favorable in-hospital and follow-up outcomes. Findings can serve as a resource for bifurcation angioplasty in India. Larger real-world studies with robust methodology are needed to validate these results.

关键词： Bifurcation Stenting Coronary Bifurcation Lesions Percutaneous

Post-CMOS processing challenges and design developments of CMOS-MeMS microheaters for local CNT synthesis

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第6期9卷 281-295页

作者： Avisek roy Bao Q.Ta Mehdi Azadmehr Knut e.Aasmundtveit Department of Microsystems University of South-Eastern Norway3184 HortenNorway

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)can be locally grown on custom-designed CMOS microheaters by a thermal chemical vapour deposition(CVD)process to utilize the sensing capabilities of CNTs in emerging micro-and nanotechnology *** such a direct CMOS-CNT integration,a key requirement is the development of necessary post-processing steps on CMOS chips for fabricating CMOS-MeMS polysilicon heaters that can locally generate the required CNT synthesis temperatures(~650-900℃).In our post-CMOS processing,a subtractive fabrication technique is used for micromachining the polysilicon heaters,where the passivation layers in CMOS are used as masks to protect the *** dielectric etching,it is necessary to achieve high selectivity,uniform etching and a good etch rate to fully expose the polysilicon layers without causing *** achieved successful post-CMOS processing by developing two-step reactive ion etching(RIe)of the SiO2 dielectric layer and making design improvements to a second-generation CMOS *** the dry etching process,CMOS-MeMS microheaters are partially suspended by SiO2 wet etching with minimum damage to the exposed aluminium layers,to obtain high thermal *** fabricated microheaters are then successfully utilized for synthesizing CNTs by a local thermal CVD *** CMOS post-processing challenges and design aspects to fabricate CMOS-MeMS polysilicon microheaters for such high-temperature applications are detailed in this *** developed process for heterogeneous monolithic integration of CMOS-CNT shows promise for wafer-level manufacturing of CNT-based sensors by incorporating additional steps in an already existing foundry CMOS process.

关键词： synthesis steps damage

Geospatial characteristics of fire occurrences in southern hemispheric Africa and Madagascar during 2001-2020

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第2期34卷 553-563页

作者： Chuyan Wan Shouraseni Sen roy Department of earth and Planetary Sciences Northwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA Department of Geography and Sustainable Development University of MiamiCoral GablesFLUSA

For this study of long-term spatial patterns and trends of active fires in southern hemispheric Africa and on Madagascar from 2001 to 2020,active fire data from the MODIS FIRMS global fire data products were *** annual center of fire concentration tended to migrate toward the preserved rainforests and nature conservation areas in the Congo Basin and the mountain forests on the northeastern coast of *** frequency varied seasonally at both study *** used geo statistical analysis techniques,such as measures of dispersion and emerging hot spot analysis,to reveal long-term trends in spatial patterns of fire *** southern hemispheric Africa,the observed active fires tended to drift northward toward the Zambia-DRC border in the Congo *** northward migration progressed toward humid rainforests,which were better suited to sustaining repeated fire *** Madagascar,the observed active fires tended to migrate toward the east coast in protected mountain *** spatial patterns of long-term trends showed a concentration of fires in the tropical regions of southern hemispheric ***,smaller clusters of new hot spots were located over eastern South Africa,overlapping with undifferentiated *** Madagascar,both hot and cold spots were identified and were separated by the highland region in the center of the *** of the eastern island was characterized by cold spots that received less precipitation than did the rest of the *** presence of increasing hots spots in the densely vegetated areas highlights the urgent need for fire prevention and management in this region.

关键词： emerging hot spots analysis FIRMS Forest fi res Madagascar MODIS Southern hemispheric Africa Wildfi res

Unexpected thermal conductivity enhancement in aperiodic superlattices discovered using active machine learning

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 99-105页

作者： Prabudhya roy Chowdhury Xiulin Ruan School of Mechanical engineering and the Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907-2088USA

While machine learning(ML)has shown increasing effectiveness in optimizing materials properties under known physics,its application in discovering new physics remains challenging due to its interpolative *** this work,we demonstrate a general-purpose adaptive ML-accelerated search process that can discover unexpected lattice thermal conductivity(κ_(l))enhancement in aperiodic superlattices(SLs)as compared to periodic superlattices,with implications for thermal management of multilayer-based electronic *** use molecular dynamics simulations for high-fidelity calculations ofκ_(l),along with a convolutional neural network(CNN)which can rapidly predictκ_(l)for a large number of *** ensure accurate prediction for the target unknown SLs,we iteratively identify aperiodic SLs with structural features leading to locally enhanced thermal transport and include them as additional training data for the *** identified structures exhibit increased coherent phonon transport owing to the presence of closely spaced interfaces.

关键词： thermal conductivity transport

Shock standards Cu, Ag, Ir, and Pt in a wide pressure range

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Matter and Radiation at extremes 2023年第4期8卷 37-46页

作者： Leonid Burakovsky Dean L.Preston Scott D.Ramsey Charles e.Starrett roy S.Baty Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA

Although they are polymorphic(multiphase)materials,both copper and silver are reliable Hugoniot standards,and thus it is necessary to establish an accurate analytic model of their principal *** we present analytic forms of their principal Hugoniots,as well as those of iridium and platinum,two“pusher”standards for shock-ramp experiments,over a wide range of *** are based on our new analytic model of the principal Hugoniot[Burakovsky et al.,***.132,215109(2022)].Comparison of the four Hugoniots with experimental and independent theoretical data(such data exist to very high pressures for both copper and silver)demonstrates excellent ***,the new model for copper and silver can be considered as providing the corresponding Hugoniot standards over a wide pressure *** also suggest an approach for calculating the Grüneisen parameter along the Hugoniot and apply it to copper as a prototype,and our results appear to be in good agreement with the available data.

关键词： silver copper analytic

Time variant multi-objective linear fractional interval-valued transportation problem

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2022年第1期37卷 111-130页

作者： Dharmadas Mardanya Sankar Kumar roy Department of Applied Mathematics with Oceanology and Computer Programming Vidyasagar UniversityMidnapore 721102West BengalIndia

This paper studies a time-variant multi-objective linear fractional transportation problem. In reality, transported goods should reach in destinations within a specific time. Considering the importance of time, a time-variant multi-objective linear fractional transportation problem is formulated here. We take into account the parameters as cost, supply and demand are interval valued that involved in the proposed model, so we treat the model as a multi-objective linear fractional interval transportation problem. To solve the formulated model, we first convert it into a deterministic form using a new transformation technique and then apply fuzzy programming to solve it. The applicability of our proposed method is shown by considering two numerical examples. At last, conclusions and future research directions regarding our study is included.

关键词： fractional transportation problem multi-objective optimization interval number time variant parameter fuzzy programming Pareto optimal solution