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True polar wander in the Earth system

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第6期66卷 1165-1184页

作者： Chong WANG ross N.MITCHELL State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

True polar wander(TPW),or planetary reorientation,is the rotation of solid Earth(crust and mantle)about the liquid outer core in order to stabilize Earth’s rotation due to mass *** TPW is well-documented on Earth presently with satellites and for multiple planets and moons in the Solar System,the prevalence of TPW in Earth history remains *** a history of controversy,both the physical plausibility of TPW on Earth and an empirical basis for it are now *** resistance to the old idea likely stems from the fact that,like plate tectonics,TPW may influence much of the Earth system,thus acknowledging its existence requires rethinking how many different datasets are *** review summarizes the development of TPW as a concept and provides a framework for future research that no longer regards TPW like a ghost process that may or may not exist,but as an integral part of the Earth system that can relate shallow and deep processes that are otherwise only mysteriously ***,we focus on the temporal regularity of large TPW,and discuss its relationship with the supercontinent-megacontinent cycle based on previous *** suggest the assembly of megacontinents has a close linkage to large ***,supercontinent tenure and breakup have a close linkage to fast *** effects of TPW on sea level changes,paleoclimate,biological diversity,and other facets of the Earth system are presented and require interdisciplinary tests in the future.

关键词： True polar wander(TPW) Planetary reorientation Apparent polar wander(APW) Mantle convection Supercontinent cycle Megacontinent

Calibration of the HSPF model with a new coupled FTABLE generation method

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第12期19卷 1747-1755页

作者： Mark ross Ken Trout Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of South Florida 4202 E.Fowler AveENB 118TampaFL 33620 United States

The hydrological simulation program FORTRAN(HSPF) is a comprehensive watershed model designed to simulate water quantity and quality *** is used widely throughout the *** discharge from a stream reach by HSPF is based mainly on function tables(FTABLEs),which describe the relationship between surface area,stream stage,volume,and *** traditional method of FTABLE generation(using general stream cross-sections and the Manning equation or other discharge relationships) can be time-consuming and inaccurate when there are limited calibration stations and survey *** insights into generalized coupled stage/storage and stage/discharge relationships,however,offer the potential to improve both the speed and accuracy of compiling FTABLEs and thus HSPF *** study tested the application of these insights in generating *** study domain included 18 gauging stations in a coastal plain environment on the Peace River watershed in West-Central *** the calibration of this model, wetlands were treated as reaches in HSPF with storage-attenuation *** the simulation period,the modeled daily flow and stage correlated well with observed data at all gauging stations along the Peace *** Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and correlation coefficient computed using observed and simulated daily flows were 0.90 and 0.91,respectively,at the Peace River *** testing found that the new system for calibrating the FTABLEs improved the model predictive ability and *** in un-calibrated station performance was also *** model parameters obtained in this study could potentially serve as reference values for model application in similar climatic *** may also have particular relevance in disaster management,as the simulation period extended over the hurricane season of 2004,and the model domain was within a high hurricane impact *** possible effects of hurricanes on discharge are also

关键词： Discharge Hydrologic model HSPF FTABLEs Hurricane

Discretization Approach in Integrated Hydrologic Model for Surface and Groundwater Interaction

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Chinese Geographical Science 2012年第6期22卷 659-672页

作者： ZHANG Jing Mark A ross Jeffery GEURINK The Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and GIS of Beijing Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of South Florida 4202 E. Fowler Ave ENB 118 Tampa FL 33620 USA Tampa Bay Water 2575 Enterprise Road Clearwater FL 33763 USA

The commonly used discretization approaches for distributed hydrological models can be broadly categorized into four types,based on the nature of the discrete components:Regular Mesh,Triangular Irregular Networks(TINs),Representative Elementary Watershed(REWs) and Hydrologic Response Units(HRUs).In this paper,a new discretization approach for landforms that have similar hydrologic properties is developed and discussed here for the Integrated Hydrologic Model(IHM),a combining simulation of surface and groundwater processes,accounting for the interaction between the *** approach used in the IHM is to disaggregate basin parameters into discrete landforms that have similar hydrologic *** landforms may be impervious areas,related areas,areas with high or low clay or organic fractions,areas with significantly different depths-to-water-table,and areas with different types of land cover or different land *** discrete landforms within basins allows significant distributed parameter analysis,but requires an efficient computational *** IHM integration represents a new approach interpreting fluxes across the model interface and storages near the interface for transfer to the appropriate model component,accounting for the disparate discretization while rigidly maintaining mass *** discretization approaches employed in IHM will provide some ideas and insights which are helpful to those researchers who have been working on the integrated models for surface-groundwater interaction.

关键词： discretization distributed hydrological model Integrated Hydrologic Model(IHM) interaction

Breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP/ABCG2):its role in multidrug resistance and regulation of its gene expression

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2012年第2期31卷 73-99页

作者： Takeo Nakanishi Douglas D.ross Department of Membrane Transport and Biopharmaceutics Kanazawa University School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKanazawa 920-1192Japan University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center the Departments of Medicine Pathology and Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of Maryland School of Medicineand the Baltimore VA Medical CenterBaltimoreMaryland 21201USA

Breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP)/ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2(ABCG2) is an ATP-binding cassette(ABC) transporter identified as a molecular cause of multidrug resistance(MDR) in diverse cancer *** physiologically functions as a part of a self-defense mechanism for the organism;it enhances elimination of toxic xenobiotic substances and harmful agents in the gut and biliary tract,as well as through the blood-brain,placental,and possibly blood-testis *** recognizes and transports numerous anticancer drugs including conventional chemotherapeutic and targeted small therapeutic molecules relatively new in clinical ***,BCRP expression in cancer cells directly causes MDR by active efflux of anticancer *** BCRP is also known to be a stem cell marker,its expression in cancer cells could be a manifestation of metabolic and signaling pathways that confer multiple mechanisms of drug resistance,self-renewal(stemness),and invasiveness(aggressiveness),and thereby impart a poor ***,blocking BCRP-mediated active efflux may provide a therapeutic benefit for *** the precise molecular mechanisms for BCRP gene expression may lead to identification of a novel molecular target to modulate BCRP-mediated *** evidence suggests that BCRP gene transcription is regulated by a number of trans-acting elements including hypoxia inducible factor 1α,estrogen receptor,and peroxisome proliferator-activated ***,alternative promoter usage,demethylation of the BCRP promoter,and histone modification are likely associated with drug-induced BCRP overexpression in cancer ***,PI3K/AKT signaling may play a critical role in modulating BCRP function under a variety of *** biological events seem involved in a complicated *** the events would be an essential first step to developing a method to modulate BCRP function to aid patients with *** review will present a sy

关键词：多重耐药性基因表达调控组蛋白修饰乳腺癌过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体分子机制多药耐药肿瘤细胞

China in the Global Response to Climate Change

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China & World Economy 2023年第1期31卷 44-61页

作者： ross Garnaut Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research University of MelbourneAustralia

China has a huge national interest in the success of the international effort to hold human-induced increases in temperature to 1.5 degrees-and therefore in global net emissions falling to net zero by *** is essential to the success of the global effort-as a supplier of competitively priced equipment for the zero emissions world economy and as the world's largest current source of greenhouse gas *** is more likely for China and the world with international specialization in goods production for the zero emissions *** will require open international trade,with China supplying equipment and drawing zero emissions semi-processed goods from *** is more likely and will be achieved at a lower cost if there is close cooperation across national boundaries.

关键词： China climate change international cooperation zero carbon

Uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第6期16卷 562-565页

作者： ross E.Petty Qi Zheng Division of Rheumatology Department of PediatricsUniversity of British Columbia4480 Oak StreetVancouverBC V6H 3V4Canada Department of Rheumatology Immunology and Allergy Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine57#Zhu Gan Road Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou 310000China

Uveitis is an intraocular inflammation with potentially sightthreatening *** anterior uveitis is a common extra-articular manifestation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis(JIA).It affects predominantly the iris and ciliary body[1].Less commonly there are cells in the vitreous(intermediate uveitis)or there may occasionally be panuveitis when inflammation involves the anterior chamber,vitreous,and retina and/or choroid,sometimes with cystoid macular edema[2].The reported incidence of uveitis in JIA overall is about 13%[3-5].The frequency of uveitis is strongly related to the type of *** is the most common type of JIA associated with childhood uveitis(30%),followed by polyarthritis rheumatoid factor(RF)-negative(20%)and psoriatic arthritis(10%)[6].Chronic anterior uveitis almost never occurs in children with systemic onset JIA or rheumatoid factor-positive polyarticular ***(symptomatic)anterior uveitis occurs in enthesitis related arthritis(ERA)[5].

关键词： inflammation Acute edema

Description and characterization of place properties using topic modeling on georeferenced tags

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2018年第3期21卷 173-184页

作者： Azam R.Bahrehdar ross S.Purves Department of Geography University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland

User-Generated Content(UGC)provides a potential data source which can help us to better describe and understand how places are conceptualized,and in turn better represent the places in Geographic Information Science(GIScience).In this article,we aim at aggregating the shared meanings associated with places and linking these to a conceptual model of *** focus is on the metadata of Flickr images,in the form of locations and *** use topic modeling to identify regions associated with shared *** choose a grid approach and generate topics associated with one or more cells using Latent Dirichlet *** analyze the sensitivity of our results to both grid resolution and the chosen number of topics using a range of measures including corpus distance and the coherence *** a resolution of 500 m and with 40 topics,we are able to generate meaningful topics which characterize places in London based on 954 unique tags associated with around 300,000 images and more than 7000 individuals.

关键词： Place property topic modeling Volunteered Geographic Information(VGI) tagging

Van der Waals interfacial bonding and intermixing in GeTe-Sb2Te3-based superlattices

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Nano Research 2018年第3期11卷 1676-1686页

作者： Andriy Lotnyk Isom Hilmi Ulrich ross Bernd Rauschenbach Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification (IOM) Permoserstr. 15 Leipzig D-04318 Germany

Interfacial phase change memory （iPCM） based on GeTe and Sb2Te3 superlattices （SLs） is an emerging contender for non-volatile data storage applications. A detailed knowledge of the atomic structure of these materials is crucial for further development of SLs and for a better understanding of the resistivity switching characteristics of iPCM devices. In this work, crystalline GeTe-Sb2TeB- based SLs, produced by pulsed laser deposition onto a Si（111） substrate at temperatures lower than in previous studies, are analyzed by advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy. The results reveal the formation of Ge-rich Ge（x＋y）Sb（2-y）Tez building blocks with specific numbers of ordered Ge cation layers （between I and 5） and disordered cation layers （4） for z = 6-10, as well as intermixed cation layers for z = 5, within the SLs. The G Ge（x＋y）Sb（2-y）Tez units are separated from the Sb2Te3 building blocks by van der Waals gaps. In particular, the interlayer bonding is promoted by the formation of outermost cation layers consisting of intermixed GeSb within the building blocks adjacent to the van der Waals gaps. The Ge（x＋y）Sb（2-y）Tez units with z 〉 5 retain metastable crystal structures with two-dimensional bonding within the SLs. The present study shed new light on the possible configurations of the building units that can be formed during the synthesis of GeTe-Sb2Te3-based iPCM materials. In addition, a possible switching mechanism active in iPCM materials is discussed.

关键词： interfacial phase change memory (iPCM) thin films intermixing Cs-corrected scanningtransmission electron microscopy

Noise-enhanced dynamic single leg balance in subjects with functional ankle instability

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2012年第2期1卷 102-106页

作者： Scott ross Brent Arnold Virginia Commonwealth University

Background:Stochastic resonance stimulation(SRS) transmits subsensory electrical Gaussian white noise into the body to enhance sensorimotor *** therapy has improved static single leg balance in subjects with functional ankle ***,the effect of this stimulation on dynamic single leg balance is not *** in dynamic single leg balance with SRS may have implications For enhancing functional rehabilitation for ankle ***,the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of SRS on dynamic single leg balance in subjects with functional ankle instability. Methods:This study was an experimental research design and data were collected in a sports medicine research *** subjects with functional ankle instability(69±15 kg;173±10 cm;21±2 years) reported a history of ankle sprains and instability at the ankle with physical activity.A single leg jump-landing test was used to assess dynamic *** were required to jump between 50% and 55% of the maximal vertical jump height,land on a single leg atop a force plate,and stabilize as quickly as ***-landing tests were performed with and without *** trials were performed for each treatment condition(SRS and control).A randomized block design was used to determine test ***/posterior and medial/lateral time-to-stabilization were computed to assess dynamic *** time indicated better ***-tailed paired samples t tests were used for analysis(α≤0.05). Results:SRS improved anterior/posterior time-to-stabilization(stochastic resonance = 1.32±0.31 s,control = 1.74±0.80 s,p = 0.03),but did not enhance medial/lateral time-to-stabilization(stochastic resonance = 1.95±0.40 s,control = 1.92±0.48 s,p = 0.07). Conclusion:Clinicians might use SRS to facilitate balance improvements with sagittal plane dynamic single leg balance exercises that patients may not be able to perform otherwise.

关键词： Chronic Posture Sprain Stochastic resonance