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Child Labor: Prevalence, Reasons and Knowledge of Early Learning of Handicrafts in Couffo, Benin in 2018

Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2022年第2期10卷 91-101页

作者： Mênonli Adjobimey rose christelle nayéton mikponhoue Paul Yearim Edah Ibrahim Mama Cisse Paul Ayélo Vikkey Antoine Hinson Research and Education Unit in Occupational Health and Environment FSS Cotonou Benin Occupational Health Service of the National University Hospital of Pneumo-Phtisiology of Cotonou Cotonou Benin Faculty of Health Sciences College of Social Workers Cotonou Benin Occupational Health Training and Research Unit Faculty of Medicine Parakou Benin

Introduction: One form of child labor is early learning, which is a less worrying phenomenon in our communities in Benin. The objective of this study was to assess the practice of early learning for children in rural areas. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study combined with a qualitative component conducted in the Kissamey district of Benin with four targets: child apprentices (52), master craftsmen (41), parents and guardians (34), local authorities (9). The collection tools were a questionnaire and an interview guide. Results: The frequency of early learning among children was 32.07% with difficult socioeconomic conditions: polygamy (75%), strong siblings (79%), out of school (33%), unmet food needs (96%). The reasons for early learning according to parents were: refusal of the child to go to school (44%), financial difficulties (31%), school failure (22%), but 38% of these children did not know the reason for their learning. The actors had little knowledge of the regulatory texts. Conclusion: Early learning remains a societal problem related to out-of-school and difficult socioeconomic conditions.

关键词： Work Trades Children Early Learning

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Strawberry (Fragaria spp.): Cultivation, Production, Consumption, and Marketing in Cameroon

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 449-471页

作者： Djeuani Astride Carole Moutamal Djem rose Theophine Derricka Mbouobda Hermann Désiré Abdoulaye Souaibou Meliga Essimi Célestine Bouopda Nono Joël Anafack Donasson Dioril Messouang Bernard Didier Ndongo III Boris Charlen Kaffo Emmanuel Kamga Fossouo Anselme Xavier Tiki Antoine Marie Kevin Nyimiebolo Bengono Audrey Maguy Manuela Diobe Motassy Adounga Samuel Brice Amama Amama Benjamin Nshanji Jones Panguepko Fendju Christophe Nzie Oussena Nguetrapouna Issofa Mpon Ikoyin Linda NKouéya christelle Ladone Amang Amang A. Ziem Niemenak Nicolas Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Department of Biological Sciences Higher Teachers&#8217 Training College University of Yaound&#233 1 Yaound&#233 Cameroon Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaound&#233 1 Yaound&#233 Cameroon Department of Biology Higher Teachers&#8217 Training College Bambili University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Mbidjoro Sustainable Living Environment Ngaound&#233r&#233 Cameroon Cé r&#232s Agricole Yaound&#233 Cameroon KAFFO Farm Baham Cameroon Agro Ankh Dschang Cameroon Bio Farm of Lolodorf Lolodorf Cameroon Or Rouge d’ Afrique Obala Cameroon Bafoussam Farm Bafoussam Cameroon King Farms Baham Cameroon Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science University of Yaound&#233 1 Yaound&#233 Cameroon

Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) is one of the most important fruits classified as exotic fruits imported into Cameroon. To have an inventory of its cultivation in Cameroon, a survey study was carried out among eight farms of Fragaria spp. from January 2021 to February 2022. The plant was introduced in Cameroon in 2018. There are 13 varieties of Fragaria spp. currently cultivated. Among these 13 varieties, eleven are hybrids of Fragaria x ananassa (“Amiga”, “Amine”, “Camarosa”, “Chandler”, “Charlotte”, “Elsanta”, “Gariguette”, “Madame Moutot”, “Ostara”, “Ruby gem” and “San Andreas”), and two of the hybrids of Fragaria vesca (“Maestro” and “Mara des bois”). The cropping system, irrigation system, and type of fertilizers applied differ from one strawberry farm to another. Biofertilizers (such as mycorrhizal), inorganic and organic fertilizers are actually used to improve production. The potential annual production of strawberries from January 2021 to February 2022, estimated based on the survey data, was 21.216 tons for all growers. Among these eight production farms, the Lolodorf BIO Farm presents 6000 kg (six tons) of strawberries and 100,000 stolons (seedlings) produced, from seven varieties of Fragaria spp. cultivated, with 6 varieties which are hybrids variety Fragaria x ananassa (“Amiga”, “Amine”, “Chandler”, “Gariguette”, “Madame Moutot”, and “Ruby gem”), and one which is a hybrid of Fragaria vesca (“Mara des bois”). Certain diseases were also observed and recorded depending on the growing areas.

关键词： Fragaria spp. Cultivation Technique Attack of Pathogens Annual Production Cameroon

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