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Enhancing Pneum.nia Detection in Pediatric Chest X-Rays Using CGAN-Augm.nted Datasets and Lightweight Deep Transfer Learning m.dels

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Journal of Data Analysis and Inform.tion Processing 2024年第1期12卷 1-23页

作者： Coulibaly m.ham.d ronald Waweru m.angi John m. Kihoro Departm.nt of m.them.tics Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI) Nairobi Kenya Departm.nt of Com.uting Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya School of Com.uting and m.them.tics The Cooperative University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya

Pneum.nia ranks as a leading cause of m.rtality, particularly in children aged five and under. Detecting this disease typically requires radiologists to exam.ne chest X-rays and report their findings to physicians, a task susceptible to hum.n error. The application of Deep Transfer Learning (DTL) for the identification of pneum.nia through chest X-rays is hindered by a shortage of available im.ges, which has led to less than optim.l DTL perform.nce and issues with overfitting. Overfitting is characterized by a m.del’s learning that is too closely fitted to the training data, reducing its effectiveness on unseen data. The problem.of overfitting is especially prevalent in m.dical im.ge processing due to the high costs and extensive tim. required for im.ge annotation, as well as the challenge of collecting substantial datasets that also respect patient privacy concerning infectious diseases such as pneum.nia. To m.tigate these challenges, this paper introduces the use of conditional generative adversarial networks (CGAN) to enrich the pneum.nia dataset with 2690 synthesized X-ray im.ges of the m.nority class, aim.ng to even out the dataset distribution for im.roved diagnostic perform.nce. Subsequently, we applied four m.dified lightweight deep transfer learning m.dels such as Xception, m.bileNetV2, m.bileNet, and EfficientNetB0. These m.dels have been fine-tuned and evaluated, dem.nstrating rem.rkable detection accuracies of 99.26%, 98.23%, 97.06%, and 94.55%, respectively, across fifty epochs. The experim.ntal results validate that the m.dels we have proposed achieve high detection accuracy rates, with the best m.del reaching up to 99.26% effectiveness, outperform.ng other m.dels in the diagnosis of pneum.nia from.X-ray im.ges.

关键词： Pneum.nia Detection Pediatric Radiology CGAN (Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks) Deep Transfer Learning m.dical Im.ge Analysis

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The Im.act of a Prior Norwood Procedure on Cardiac Transplantation in Failed Fontan Physiology

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第3期19卷 257-266页

作者： Ryan G.m.Queen Nikki m.Singh ronald K.Woods m.dical College of Wisconsin Herma Heart Institute at Children’s WisconsinMilwaukeeUSA Division of Pediatric Cardiology Medical College of WisconsinHerma Heart Institute at Children’s WisconsinMilwaukeeUSA Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery Medical College of WisconsinHerma Heart Institute at Children’s WisconsinMilwaukeeUSA

Objective:The objective of this study was to com.are cardiac transplant operative and postoperative courses of patients with failed Fontan physiology who were initially palliated with a Norwood(FFN)to those without a prior Norwood(FF).m.thods:A single-institution retrospective review of all patients with Fontan failure who under-went cardiac transplantation from.2003–2021 was com.leted-22 underwent prior Norwood(FFN)and 11 did not(FF).Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated for operative course and patient ***:The operative course of the FFN cohort appeared to be m.re com.lex(not statistically significant,but clinically relevant)-this group exclusively experienced sternal re-entry events(3 of 22 patients)and concom.tant neo-aor-tic reconstruction(6 patients),had a longer duration of surgery(m.dian of 682 m.n vs.575.5 m.n),m.re tim. on circulatory arrest(m.dian of 25.5 m.n vs.12.5 m.n),and m.re frequent use of open sternal m.nagem.nt[50%of patients(11/22)vs.27.3%of patients(3/11)].Postoperatively,these patients underwent m.re m.diastinal explora-tions[other than sternal closure;40.9%of patients(9/22)vs.18.2%of patients(2/11)],spent m.re tim. on m.chanical ventilation(m.dian of 5 days vs.2 days),had a longer length of stay(m.dian of 30 days vs.19 days),and required m.re catheter-based re-interventions[22.7%of patients(5/22)vs.9.1%of patients(1/11)].Conclu-sion:Although underpowered,our results suggest that the operative course of FFN patients is m.re challenging,based m.stly on neo-aortic arch *** turn,this likely leads to a m.re com.lex postoperative *** are currently collaborating with other institutions to increase the cohort size and power of the study.

关键词： Fontan Fontan failure Norwood cardiac transplantation

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Design,Synthesis,and Applications of m.soporous Covalent Organic Fram.works

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CCS Chem.stry 2024年第1期6卷 57-68页

作者： Niyati Arora Cassandra Flores m.linda C.Senarathna Christina m.Thom.son ronald A.Sm.ldone Departm.nt of Chem.stry and Biochem.stry University of TexasDallasRichardsonTexas 75080

Covalent organic fram.works(COFs)are highly ordered and perm.nently porous organic polym.rs that can be classified as two-dim.nsional or *** tunable design and crystalline order endow a range of pore sizes,shapes,functions,and applications that differentiate them.from.other *** COF pore sizes and shapes rely on the geom.try of the m.nom.rs and dynam.c covalent chem.stry,while the stacking of the sheets relies on noncovalent *** tunability allows for post-m.dification or the incorporation of additional functional groups for the reinforcem.nt by various noncovalent *** lim.ts of m.soporous COFs are still being investigated,with the design rules continuing to *** we report a com.rehensive review of m.soporous COFs,explore strategies for large pore reinforcem.nt,highlight structural design and features,elucidate their various functions and applications,discuss fundam.ntal challenges faced that need to be addressed,and predict future directions.

关键词： covalent organic fram.works m.soporous supram.lecular chem.stry polym.rs pore size

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Tum.r necrosis factor-alpha, transform.ng growth factor-beta, degree of lower urinary tract sym.tom. as predictors of erectile dysfunction in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 280-285页

作者： Gede W.K.Duarsa Yerem.a G.Kusum.h ronald Sugianto Pande m.W.Tirtayasa Tjokorda G.B.m.hadewa Departm.nt of Urology Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia Departm.nt of General Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia m.dical Doctor Study Program Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaBaliIndonesia Departm.nt of Urology Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaUniversitas Udayana Teaching HospitalBaliIndonesia Departm.nt of Neurosurgery Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia

Objective: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition of insufficient penile erection, consistently or recurrently, for sexual activity. Tum.r necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induces transform.ng growth factor-beta (TGF-β), which causes the transition of epithelial cells into m.senchym.l cells that affect ED. This study aim.d to evaluate the roles of TNF-α, TGF-β, degree of lower urinary tract sym.tom., and prostatic volum. for the presence of ED in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) ***: Our study perform.d an analytic observational retrospective cohort study using secondary data from.four hospitals in Bali, Indonesia, including m.dical records and other adm.nistrative data. The sam.le was BPH patients with several history ***: Our sam.le was 83 respondents, ranging from.50 years to 80 years, 61 respondents with ED and 22 with non-ED. The International Prostate Sym.tom.Score showed a significant result, which indicates that ED is m.re com.on in patients with higher International Prostate Sym.tom.Score (p=0.002). m.reover, the TNF-α of ≥43.9 pg/m. and TGF-β of ≥175.8 pg/m. were significantly associated with the presence of ED in BPH patients (pm. is not significant with ED (p=0.947).Conclusion: TNF-α, TGF-β, and lower urinary tract sym.tom. severity can predict the occurrence of ED in BPH, while prostatic volum. was not significant.

关键词： Prostate enlargem.nt Biom.rker Erectiledysfunction Riskfactor

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代谢综合征的诊断和治疗——美国心脏协会/国立心肺血液研究所指南概要

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2006年第4期2卷 8-11页

作者： Scott m. Grundy Jam.s I. Cleem.n Stephen R. Daniels Karen A. Donato Robert H. Eckel Barry A.Franklin David J. Gordon ronald m. krauss Peter J. Savage Sidney C. Sm.th John A. Spertus Fernando Costa

0引言近几年,代谢综合征越来越受到人们的关注.它包括了可能直接促进动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)的多种相关代谢性危险因素.这些代谢性危险因素与2型糖尿病及其风险具有强相关性.这些代谢性危险因素包括致粥样硬化性血脂异常(甘油... 详细信息

0引言近几年,代谢综合征越来越受到人们的关注.它包括了可能直接促进动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)的多种相关代谢性危险因素.这些代谢性危险因素与2型糖尿病及其风险具有强相关性.这些代谢性危险因素包括致粥样硬化性血脂异常(甘油三酯、载脂蛋白B及小LDL颗粒升高,HDL-C浓度降低)、血压升高、血糖升高以及血栓前状态、前炎性状态.

关键词：代谢综合征美国心脏协会动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病血液研究所血栓前状态概要指南心肺治疗诊断

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Storylines of fam.ly m.dicine Ⅳ:perspectives on practice—lenses of appreciation

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Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health 2024年第S3期12卷 33-42页

作者： William.B Ventres Leslie A Stone Radeeb Akhtar Jeffrey m.Ring Lucy m.Candib Erick m.ssias ronald m.Epstein m.rc Tunzi Am. L Lee Christopher P m.rley Carina m.Brown David Slawson Jill Konkin David G Cam.bell Ian Couper Susan William. Robert Brooks Lucie Walters Fam.ly and Preventive m.dicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA Independent Health Psychologist Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Saint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA Fam.ly m.dicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA Fam.ly m.dicine Residency Program Natividad Medical CenterSalinasCaliforniaUSA Fam.ly m.dicine Tufts University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA Public Health and Preventive m.dicine SUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA Cone Health Fam.ly m.dicine Residency The University of North Carolina School of MedicineGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA Fam.ly m.dicine Atrium HealthCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA Fam.ly m.dicine University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine&DentistryEdmontonAlbertaCanada Cunningham. Arm.m.dical Centre Australian College of Rural and Remote MedicineLakes EntranceQueenslandAustralia Ukwanda Centre for Rural Health Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesCape TownWestern CapeSouth Africa Adelaide Rural Clinical School The University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia Departm.nt of Rural Health Broken Hill UniversityBroken HillNew South WalesAustralia Adelaide Rural Clinical School The University of Adelaide Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesMount GambierSouth AustraliaAustralia

Storylines of Fam.ly m.dicine is a 12-part series of them.tically linked m.ni-essays with accom.anying illustrations that explore the m.ny dim.nsions of fam.ly m.dicine,as interpreted by individual fam.ly physicians and m.dical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅳ:perspectives on practice—lenses of appreciation’,authors address the following them.s:‘Relational connections in the doctor–patient partnership’,‘Fem.nism.and fam.ly m.dicine’,‘Positive fam.ly m.dicine’,‘m.ndful practice’,‘The new,old ethics of fam.ly m.dicine’,‘Public health,prevention and populations’,‘Inform.tion m.stery in fam.ly m.dicine’and‘Clinical courage.’m.y readers nurture their curiosity through these essays.

关键词： them.tic illustration doctor

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Pm. solution of longitudinal wave propagation in heterogeneous m.dia

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2016年第2期15卷 357-368页

作者： Farzanian m. Arbabi Freydoon Pak ronald International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seism.logy 26 Arghavan St. North Dibajee Farmanieh Tehran Iran Departm.nt of Civi Environm.ntal & Architectural Engineering University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309-0428 United States

This paper describes the developm.nt of a m.del for unbounded heterogeneous dom.ins with radiation dam.ing produced by an unphysical wave absorbing layer. The Perfectly m.tched Layer（Pm.） approach is used along with a displacem.nt-based finite elem.nt. The heterogeneous m.del is validated using the closed-form.solution of a benchm.rk problem. a free rod with two-part m.dulus subjected to a specified tim. history. Both elastically supported and unsupported sem.-infinite rods with different degrees of inhom.geneity and loading are considered. Num.rical results illustrate the effects of inhom.geneity on the response and are com.ared with those for equivalent hom.geneous dom.ins. The effects of characteristic features of the inhom.geneous problem. presence of local m.xim. and cut-off frequency are determ.ned. A degenerate case of a hom.geneous sem.-infinite rod on elastic foundations is produced by tending the m.gnitude of the foundation stiffness to zero. The response of the latter is com.ared with that of a free rod. The im.ortance of proper selection of the Pm. param.ters to highly accurate and efficient results is dem.nstrated by exam.le problem..

关键词： heterogeneous latter benchm.rk illustrate validated m.dulus coordinates inhom.geneous m.xim. infinite

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Why ecosystem.characteristics predicted from.rem.tely sensed data are unbiased and biased at the sam. tim.-and how this affects applications

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Forest Ecosystem. 2024年第1期11卷 24-31页

作者： Goran Ståhl Terje Gobakken Svetlana Saarela Henrik J.Persson m.gnus Ekstrom.Sean P.Healey Zhiqiang Yang Johan Holm.ren Eva Lindberg Kenneth Nystrom.Em.nuele Papucci Patrik Ulvdal Hans OleØrka Erik Næsset Zhengyang Hou Håkan Olsson ronald E.m.Roberts Departm.nt of Forest Resource m.nagem.nt Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden Faculty of Environm.ntal Sciences and Natural Resource m.nagem.nt Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationOgdenUTUSA The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of m.nistry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Departm.nt of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA

Rem.tely sensed data are frequently used for predicting and m.pping ecosystem.characteristics,and spatially explicit wall-to-wall inform.tion is som.tim.s proposed as the best possible source of inform.tion for ***,wall-to-wall inform.tion typically relies on m.del-based prediction,and several features of m.del-based prediction should be understood before extensively relying on this type of *** such feature is that m.del-based predictors can be considered both unbiased and biased at the sam. tim.,which has im.ortant im.lications in several areas of *** this discussion paper,we first describe the conventional m.del-unbiasedness paradigm.that underpins m.st prediction techniques using rem.tely sensed(or other)auxiliary *** this point of view,m.del-based predictors are typically ***,we show that for specific dom.ins,identified based on their true values,the sam. m.del-based predictors can be considered biased,and som.tim.s severely *** suggest distinguishing between conventional m.del-bias,defined in the statistical literature as the difference between the expected value of a predictor and the expected value of the quantity being predicted,and design-bias of m.del-based estim.tors,defined as the difference between the expected value of a m.del-based estim.tor and the true value of the quantity being *** show that m.del-based estim.tors(or predictors)are typically design-biased,and that there is a trend in the design-bias from.overestim.ting sm.ll true values to underestim.ting large true ***,we give exam.les of applications where this is im.ortant to acknowledge and to potentially m.ke adjustm.nts to correct for the design-bias *** argue that relying entirely on conventional m.del-unbiasedness m.y lead to m.stakes in several areas of application that use predictions from.rem.tely sensed data.

关键词： Bias m.del-based inference Design-based inference

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Stereotactic radiosurgery for haem.rrhagic cerebral cavernous m.lform.tion:a m.lti-institutional,retrospective study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第3期9卷 221-229,I0130,I0131页

作者： Chloe Dum.t Georgios m.ntziaris Sam.Dayawansa Zhiyuan Xu Stylianos Pikis Selcuk Peker Yavuz Sam.nci Gokce D Ardor Ahm.d m.Nabeel Wael A Reda Sam.h R Tawadros Khaled Abdelkarim.Am. m.N El-Shehaby Reem.m.Em.d Eldin Ahm.d H Elazzazi Nuria m.rtínez m.reno Roberto m.rtínezÁlvarez Rom.n Liscak Jarom.r m.y David m.thieu Jean-Nicolas Tourigny m.njul Tripathi Akshay Rajput Narendra Kum.r Rupinder Kaur Piero Picozzi Andrea Franzini Herwin Speckter Wenceslao Hernandez Anderson Brito ronald E Warnick Juan Alzate Douglas Kondziolka Greg N Bowden Sam.r Patel Jason Sheehan Departm.nt of Neurological Surgery Hospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance Departm.nt of Neurological Surgery University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA Departm.nt of Neurosurgery Koc University School of MedicineIstanbulTurkey Gam.a-knife Center Nasser institute HospitalCairoEgypt Neurosurgery Departm.nt Benha UniversityBenhaEgypt Departm.nts of Neurosurgery Ain Shams UniversityCairoEgypt Departm.nt of Clinical Oncology Ain Shams UniversityCairoEgypt Departm.nt of Radiation Oncology National Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityGizaEgypt Faculty of m.dicine Extended Modular ProgramAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt Departm.nt of Radiosurgery Rúber Internacional HospitalMadridSpain Departm.nt of Stereotactic and Radiation Neurosurgery Na Homolce HospitalPragueCzech Republic Neurosurgery Centre de recherche du CHUSUniversitéde SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecCanada Neurosurgery PGIMERChandigarhChandigarhIndia Radiation Therapy PGIMERChandigarhChandigarhIndia Neurosurgery IRCCS Istituto Clinico HumanitasRozzanoMilanItaly Dom.nican Gam.a Knife Center and Radiology Departm.nt CEDIMATSanto DomingoDominican Republic Gam.a Knife Center Mayfield ClinicThe Jewish Hospital-Mercy HealthCincinnatiOhioUSA Neurosurgery NYU Langone HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA Neurosurgery University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada Division of Radiation Oncology Department of OncologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada

Background Cerebral cavernous m.lform.tions(CCm.)frequently m.nifest with *** radiosurgery(SRS)has been em.loyed for CCm.not suitable for *** effect on reducing haem.rrhage risk is still *** aim.of this study was to expand on the safety and efficacy of SRS for haem.rrhagic *** This retrospective m.lticentric study included CCm.with at least one haem.rrhage treated with single-session *** annual haem.rrhagic rate(AHR)was calculated before and after *** event analysis and Cox regression were used to evaluate factors associated with *** radiation effects(AREs)and occurrence of new neurological deficits were *** The study included 381 patients (m.dian age:37.5 years(Q1–Q3:25.8–51.9))with 414 *** AHR from.diagnosis to SRS excluding the first haem.rrhage was 11.08 per 100 CCm.years and was reduced to 2.7 per 100 CCm.years after *** recurrent event analysis,SRS,HR 0.27(95%CI 0.17 to 0.44),pm.rrhage,and the presence of developm.ntal venous anom.ly(DVA)with an increased risk,HR 1.60(95%CI 1.07 to 2.40),p=*** cum.lative risk of first haem.rrhage after SRS was 9.4%(95%CI 6%to 12.6%)at 5 years and 15.6%(95%CI%9 to 21.8%)at 10 *** doses>13 Gy,HR 2.27(95%CI 1.20 to 4.32),p=0.012 and the presence of DVA,HR 2.08(95%CI 1.00 to 4.31),p=0.049 were factors associated with higher probability of post-SRS ***-SRS haem.rrhage was sym.tom.tic in 22 out of 381(5.8%)patients,presenting with transient(15/381)or perm.nent(7/381)neurological *** occurred in 11.1%(46/414)CCm.and was responsible for transient neurological deficit in 3.9%(15/381)of the patients and perm.nent deficit in 1.1%(4/381)of the *** doses>13 Gy and CCm.volum.>0.7 cc were associated with increased risk of ARE.

关键词： doses haem.rrhagic diagnosis

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Habitat structure directly affects aggression in convict cichlids Archocentrus nigrofasciatus

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 52-56页

作者： Anthony J. BARLEY ronald m. COLEm.N Departm.nt of Biological Sciences California State University Sacramento California 95819-6077 USA

Aggressive behavior can be an im.ortant factor in determ.ning how anim.ls use and divide space and resources. Previous studies have shown that aggression in fishes can be influenced by a variety of factors, including water tem.erature and resource levels. In this study, we tested if the am.unt of habitat structure in the environm.nt affected aggression levels in fem.le convict cichlids Archocentrus nigrofasciatus. We perform.d a laboratory experim.nt in which we placed fem.le convict cichlids into an aquarium.with low or high am.unts of habitat structure and m.nitored the dom.nant fem.le＇s behavior toward the subordinate fem.le. Aggressive behavior in convict cichlids prim.rily consists of chases and bites. We found that the total tim. the dom.nant fem.le spent chasing the subordinate fem.le was greater when there was a low am.unt of habitat structure as com.ared to when there was a high am.unt of habitat structure. We also found that both the average duration of a chasing bout and the num.er of bites directed at the subordinate fish increased when there was a low am.unt of structure, but the num.er of chases did not. These results indicate that increased habitat structural com.lexity decreases aggressive behavior in convict cichlids [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 52-56, 2010].

关键词： Neotropical Life-history Fem.le-fem.le com.etition Fish Resource com.etition

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