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Isolation and Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in Kenya

American Journal of Molecular Biology 2024年第2期14卷 66-83页

作者： Albina Makio Robinson Mugasiali Irekwa Matthew Mutinda Munyao Caroline Wangui Njoroge Peter Kipkemboi Rotich Tonny Teya Nyandwaro Joanne Jepkemei Yego Anne Wanjiru Mwangi James Hungo Kimotho ronald tanui Vincent Rutto Samson Muuo Nzou Center for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Center for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Production Department Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Rhodes University Grahamstown South Africa Center for Virus Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

The discovery of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019 raised global health warnings. Quickly, in 2020, the virus crossed borders and infected individuals across the world, evolving into the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, early signs of the virus’s existence were observed in various countries before the initial outbreak in Wuhan. As of 12th of April, the respiratory disease had infected over 762 million people worldwide, with over 6.8 million deaths recorded. This has led scientists to focus their efforts on understanding the virus to develop effective means to diagnose, treat, prevent, and control this pandemic. One of the areas of focus is the isolation of this virus, which plays a crucial role in understanding the viral dynamics in the laboratory. In this study, we report the isolation and detection of locally circulating SARS-CoV-2 in Kenya. The isolates were cultured on Vero Cercopithecus cell line (CCL-81) cells, RNA extraction was conducted from the supernatants, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Genome sequencing was done to profile the strains phylogenetically and identify novel and previously reported mutations. Vero CCL-81 cells were able to support the growth of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, and mutations were detected from the two isolates sequenced (001 and 002). Genome sequencing revealed the circulation of two isolates that share a close relationship with the Benin isolate with the D614G common mutation identified along the S protein. These virus isolates will be expanded and made available to the Kenya Ministry of Health and other research institutions to advance SARS-CoV-2 research in Kenya and the region.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Whole Genome Sequencing Phylogenetic Analysis Nucleotide Substitutions Amino Acid Changes

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Integrated environmental education for sustainable forest management: the case of Nandi Hills Forests, Kenya

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Forestry Studies in China 2013年第2期15卷 152-159页

作者： Julius Gordon tanui Department of Educational Management of Policy Studies School of Education Moi University Eldoret Kenya

Environmental education （EE） is a vital dimension of modern day acumen that portends a great promise in solving the myriad environmental resource management challenges at global, regional and local levels. A study was carried out in 18 locations in the Nandi North, Nandi South and Nandi Hills districts of Kenya, which cover the Nandi Hills and Nandi Forests in Nandi County, major water catchments for Lake Victoria. A mixed methodological approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data obtained from focus group discussions, key informant interviews, household survey and observations was embraced in data collection and analysis. The study reveals that there are several strategies that have been adopted by the local population and institutions involved in the management of the Nandi Hills Forests （NHFs） and that these strategies have contributed to an improvement in the perceptions of the local population in terms of the importance of environmental management of the forests. This paper highlights EE as a vehicle for ensur- ing a sustainable management of the Nandi Hills Forests. As such, it illuminates the great potential that lies in sustainably managing the NHFs by integrating formal and informal EE approaches. It further points out the functional gaps in the management of NHFs and proposes best-practices that could be adopted and/or domesticated in NHFs management regimes.

关键词： environmental education sustainable forest management forest ecosystems indigenous knowledge

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Factors associated with financial support in old age for young and middle-aged rural residents in China

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2015年第2期13卷 169-176页

作者： Suyan Shen Fang Li John Kipkorir tanui College of Public Administration Nanjing Agricultural University Department of Agricultural Economics Moi University

This study examined the factors associated with financial support in old age from three primary mechanisms-personal savings,family support,and social insurance-to explore the implications for the future development of China's rural social welfare ***-sectional surveys of 1392 young and middle-aged rural residents were conducted in July and *** results showed that while social insurance was increasingly acceptable,personal savings and family support still had fundamental *** the three mechanisms,the rural old-age welfare system presented nontraditional ***'s new rural endowment insurance is discussed as a means to address the need for financial support among the rural aging population.

关键词： old-age financial support young and middle-aged rural residents personal savings family support social insurance

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Effect of Boiling and Cooling of Geothermal Fluids on Precipitation of Secondary Minerals: A Case Study of Olkaria Fields, Kenya

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第9期10卷 251-270页

作者： Emmanuel Onesimo Duku Benson G. Ongarora Paul tanui Geothermal Energy Training Institute (GeTRI) Dedan Kimathi University of Technology Nyeri Kenya Department of Chemistry Dedan Kimathi University of Technology Nyeri Kenya

The main drawback in the utilization of geothermal resources arises from the precipitation of secondary minerals within wells, pipelines, steam separators, turbines and other surface equipment in form of scales. Scale formation is an outcome of the alteration of various rocks dissolved in geothermal fluids that find their way into a reservoir. Once geothermal fluids ascend to the surface, hydrostatic pressure decreases toward a phase separation level that permits the dissolved gases such as CO2, H2S and H2, and steam to separate from the liquid phase by “boiling”. Stripping of these volatiles may increase fluid pH, leading to precipitation and deposition of secondary minerals. The study sought to establish the relationship between water-rock interaction and secondary mineral precipitates at the surface and deep fluid at different temperatures during depressurisation boiling and cooling. Samples were collected from selected Olkaria wells;OW-38A, OW-910 and OW-910A. The analysis of the results outlined deep fluid Alkali-Chloride waters and surface steam-heated Alkali-Bicarbonate and acidic Sulphate-Chloride waters. Various models suggested adiabatic boiling, conductive cooling and possible mixing and dilution in the wells. Hydrothermal alteration minerals were found to be in equilibrium with the geothermal fluids at varying temperatures, and the secondary minerals controlled the chemistry of the reservoir. Silica-saturated solutions precipitated silica in OW-910 and OW-910A, which may have resulted from rapid cooling following mixing with cold surface water.

关键词： Adiabatic Boiling Aqueous Speciation Clogging Conductive Cooling Depressurisation Boiling Equilibrium Degassing Phase Separation Saturation Index

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苏州洞庭碧螺春茶文化旅游资源的经济价值评估

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茶叶科学 2012年第4期32卷 353-361页

作者：冯卫英王玉花 John Kipkorir tanui 黎星辉南京农业大学茶叶科学研究所江苏南京210095 江苏省茶学博士后工作站江苏苏州215128

茶文化旅游作为一种新兴旅游形式,是近年来旅游业和茶产业相结合而发展的一个新的经济增长点。本文采用旅行费用法和条件价值法,通过对茶文化游客的调查,分别对洞庭碧螺春茶文化景区的使用价值和非使用价值进行评估;运用SPSS17.0软件分... 详细信息

茶文化旅游作为一种新兴旅游形式,是近年来旅游业和茶产业相结合而发展的一个新的经济增长点。本文采用旅行费用法和条件价值法,通过对茶文化游客的调查,分别对洞庭碧螺春茶文化景区的使用价值和非使用价值进行评估;运用SPSS17.0软件分析,结果得出2010年洞庭碧螺春茶文化旅游资源的总价值67 894.91万元,其中使用价值65 675.11万元,非使用价值2 219.8万元,显示出茶文旅游资源蕴含着巨大的经济价值。

关键词：茶文化旅游资源经济价值旅行费用法条件价值法洞庭碧螺春

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遮光对丘陵茶园茶叶产量指标和内含生化成分的影响

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南京农业大学学报 2011年第5期34卷 47-52页

作者：秦志敏 John tanui 冯卫英王玉花肖润林黎星辉南京农业大学园艺学院江苏南京210095 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室湖南长沙410125

选用‘碧香早’和‘福大61’2个茶树品种作为试验对象,采用遮光率为(50±3)%的黑色、绿色和银白色遮阳网为遮光材料,以不遮光为对照(CK),研究不同颜色遮阳网遮光对丘陵地区茶树产量指标和主要生化成分的影响。结果表明:春季不同茶树品... 详细信息

选用‘碧香早’和‘福大61’2个茶树品种作为试验对象,采用遮光率为(50±3)%的黑色、绿色和银白色遮阳网为遮光材料,以不遮光为对照(CK),研究不同颜色遮阳网遮光对丘陵地区茶树产量指标和主要生化成分的影响。结果表明:春季不同茶树品种经遮光后可增加百芽重,但与对照间差异不显著;夏季‘碧香早’和‘福大61’经黑色遮光处理后百芽重均显著高于对照。不同颜色遮阳网对芽密度和新梢含水量影响幅度的大小顺序为:黑色、绿色和银白色。不同季节黑色遮阳网遮光能显著增加茶叶氨基酸和咖啡碱含量,降低茶多酚含量和酚氨比。春季‘碧香早’和‘福大61’经黑色遮光处理氨基酸含量分别比对照高6.56%和21.78%,夏季分别比对照高15.76%和19.66%;春季茶多酚含量分别比对照低29.68%和24.91%,夏季分别比对照低5.59%和13.15%;春季酚氨比分别比对照低33.95%和38.67%,夏季分别比对照低18.39%和27.69%;春季咖啡碱含量分别比对照高8.08%和6.07%,夏季分别比对照高10.61%和7.98%。以上结果表明,黑色遮光处理有利于茶树体内氮代谢,抑制碳代谢,从而提高茶叶鲜爽度,降低茶叶苦涩味,改善茶叶品质。

关键词：丘陵茶园遮光产量指标生化分析

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Genetic Diversity of Tea Plant(Camellia Sinensis(L.) ***)in Wuling Mountainous Area Revealed by ISSR Marker

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茶叶 2013年第4期39卷 205-211页

作者： Yue Zhang Li Lu Saiyan Yuan Xin Pang Wei-Dong Wang Lin Zhou John K tanui Xing-Hui Li Tea Research Institute Nanjing Agricultural University department of tea science and biology Wuyi College

Genetic diversity and relationship of 183 tea germplasms were assessed by inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) *** study optimized the ISSR-PCR system for tea *** show that genetic similarity among 183 tea ascensions was between 0.52-0.93,indicating a wide gene pool and a broad genetic variation of Wuling tea *** highest similarity of all materials between No1 and No2 was *** of the183 tea germplasms were protracted by UPGMA clustering analysis also revealed the genetic diversity and relationship of the tea germplasms of Wuling mountainous ***,fingerprint of the 183 tea germplasms were constructed.

关键词： ISSR标记遗传多样性茶树资源武陵山区 UPGMA聚类分析 ISSR-PCR 简单重复序列指纹图谱构建

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