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Germinal center-dependent and-independent immune responses of tumor-infiltrating B cells in human cancers

Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第9期20卷 1040-1050页

作者： Eve Playoust romain Remark Eric Vivier Pierre Milpied Marseille Université CNRSINSERMCentre d’Immunologie de Marseille-LuminyMarseilleFrance Innate Pharma MarseilleFrance

B cells play essential roles in immunity,mainly through the production of high affinity plasma cells(PCs)and memory B(Bmem)*** affinity maturation and differentiation of B cells rely on the integration of B-cell receptor(BCR)intrinsic and extrinsic signals provided by antigen binding and the microenvironment,*** recent years,tumor infiltrating B(TIL-B)cells and PCs(TIL-PCs)have been revealed as important players in antitumor responses in human cancers,but their interplay and dynamics remain largely *** lymphoid organs,B-cell responses involve both germinal center(GC)-dependent and GC-independent pathways for Bmem cell and PC *** maturation of BCR repertoires occurs in GC reactions with specific spatiotemporal dynamics of signal integration by B *** general,the reactivation of high-affinity Bmem cells by antigens triggers GC-independent production of large numbers of PC without BCR *** B-cell dynamics in immune responses requires the integration of multiple tools and readouts such as single-cell phenotyping and RNA-seq,in situ analyses,BCR repertoire analysis,BCR specificity and affinity assays,and functional ***,we review how those tools have recently been applied to study TIL-B cells and TIL-PC in different types of solid *** assessed the published evidence for different models of TIL-B-cell dynamics involving GC-dependent or GC-independent local responses and the resulting production of antigen-specific ***,we highlight the need for more integrative B-cell immunology studies to rationally investigate TIL-B cells as a leverage for antitumor therapies.

关键词： antibody tertiary lymphoid structure plasma cell germinal center cancer

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Dimensions of hepatocellular carcinoma phenotypic diversity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第40期24卷 4536-4547页

作者： romain Désert Natalia Nieto Orlando Musso Institut NuMeCan Université de Rennes 1 Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA) Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Department of Pathology Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology and Hepatology) University of Illinois at Chicago

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the 3^(rd) leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. More than 80% of HCCs arise within chronic liver disease resulting from viral hepatitis, alcohol, hemochromatosis, obesity and metabolic syndrome or genotoxins. Projections based on Western lifestyle and its metabolic consequences anticipate a further increase in incidence, despite recent breakthroughs in the management of viral hepatitis. HCCs display high heterogeneity of molecular phenotypes, which challenges clinical management. However, emerging molecular classifications of HCCs have not yet formed a unified corpus translatable to the clinical practice. Thus, patient management is currently based upon tumor number, size, vascular invasion, performance status and functional liver reserve. Nonetheless, an impressive body of molecular evidence emerged within the last 20 years and is becoming increasingly available to medical practitioners and researchers in the form of repositories. Therefore, the aim this work is to review molecular data underlying HCC classifications and to organize this corpus into the major dimensions explaining HCC phenotypic diversity. Major efforts have been recently made worldwide toward a unifying "clinically-friendly" molecular landscape. As a result, a consensus emerges on three major dimensions explaining the HCC heterogeneity. In the first dimension, tumor cell proliferation and differentiation enabled allocation of HCCs to two major classes presenting profoundly different clinical aggressiveness. In the second dimension, HCC microenvironment and tumor immunity underlie recent therapeutic breakthroughs prolonging patients' survival. In the third dimension,metabolic reprogramming, with the recent emergence of subclass-specific metabolic profiles, may lead to adaptive and combined therapeutic approaches. Therefore, here we review recent molecular evidence, their impact on tumor histopathological features and clinical behavior and highlight the r

关键词： Liver metabolism Liver zonation Hepatocellular carcinoma classification Wnt/β-catenin TP53 Tumor microenvironment Inflammation Tumor immunity Hepatocyte proliferation Hepatocyte differentiation

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Mechanisms of electrochemical magnesium(de)alloying of Mg-Sn and Mg-Pb polymorphs

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第6期10卷 1609-1616页

作者： Clément Pechberty Antoine Klein Bernard Fraisse Lorenzo Stievano romain Berthelot ICGM CNRSUniv.MontpellierENSCMMontpellierFrance RS2E CNRSHub de l’EnergieAmiensFrance

Different polymorphs of Mg-Sn and Mg-Pb intermetallic compounds were prepared by high-energy mechanical alloying and then investigated as active material in magnesium batteries. Beside thermodynamically stable Mg_(2)Sn and Mg_(2)Pb crystallizing in the anti-fluorite structure, other polymorphs Mg_(~2)Sn and Mg_(~2)Pb were prepared by increasing the ball-milling time. The first dealloying process is almost complete only for the cubic polymorphs, then similar capacities are observed during the subsequent alloying and dealloying *** to operando X-ray diffraction, the electrochemical mechanism is revealed and shows that the cubic polymorphs Mg_(2)Sn and Mg_(2)Pb tend to preferentially form during the alloying whatever the pristine intermetallic. Weak traces of Mg_(~2)Sn and Mg_(~2)Pb are observed during the alloying, suggesting that these polymorphs act as a by-product and/or an intermediate phases of the electrochemical process. Finally, the compatibility of cubic Mg_(2)Sn and Mg_(2)Pb with Mg(TFSI)_(2)-based electrolyte is confirmed in full cell vs. a positive electrode based on the Chevrel phase Mo6S8, although limited performance is achieved. This fundamental work provides new insights in the behavior of alloy-type negative electrodes for magnesium-ion batteries.

关键词： Magnesium batteries Alloy electrode Mechanochemistry Operando X-ray diffraction

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Renewable energy in Benin: current situation and future prospects

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Clean Energy 2023年第5期7卷 952-961页

作者： romain Akpahou Lena D.Mensah David A.Quansah Department of Mechanical Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology(KNUST)KumasiGhana The Brew-Hammond Energy Centre Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology(KNUST)KumasiGhana

To provide clean energy at a lower cost to their citizens,all nations of the world are striving to increase their energy production in an environmentally friendly *** has also joined this dynamic by considerably increasing its green energy production efforts in recent *** country has a huge undeveloped renewable-energy(RE)potential that can contribute considerably to its national energy production *** paper summarizes the current RE situation in Benin and examines its future *** current energy situation of the country is discussed,followed by an examination of its electricity demand-and-supply *** country has been found to depend heavily on natural gas and petroleum products from neighbouring countries and has~41%of national electricity ***,the government is taking considerable steps to implement RE projects in the *** study analyzes government targets in the energy sector with existing policies and institutional *** are made for the benefit of the government,the private sector and other actors in order to developing the RE potential of Benin.

关键词： Benin electricity demand energy policy future prospect renewable energy

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Chemical Mobility and Mineralogical Variability in Edough Massif Micaschists(Annaba,Northeast Algeria)

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 212-213页

作者： Hadjzobir Soraya Bousquet romain Department of Geology Badji Mokhtar University Institute of Geosciences University Potsdam

The Edough massif is the easternmost crystalline massif of the Maghrebides which represent the southeastern part of the West Mediterranean *** occurs below the greenschist-facies Tellian units that represent the thrusted Mesozoic to Eocene passive paleomargin of northern Africa deposited on thinned continental *** upper unit of the Edough massif is characterized by metasedimentary rocks affected

关键词： isocons metamorphism matter transfer Edough massif Algeria

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Vegetation structure,dominance patterns and height growth in an Afromontane forest,Southern Africa

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第2期31卷 453-462页

作者： Sylvanus Mensah Anthony Egeru Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo romain GleleKakai Laboratoire de Biomathematiques et d’Estimations Forestieres Facultedes Sciences AgronomiquesUniversite d’Abomey-Calavi04 BP 1525 CotonouBenin Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture Makerere UniversityP.O Box 16811WandegeyaKampalaUganda Laboratoire d’Ecologie Appliquee Facultedes Sciences AgronomiquesUniversite d’Abomey-Calavi03 BP 1974 CotonouBenin

Information on forest structure is fundamentally important to track successional vegetation dynamics for efficient forest *** study reports on vegetation characteristics,dominance patterns and species height growth in a northern mistbelt forest type in South *** alpha-diversity indices(species richness and Shannon-Weiner diversity),structural vegetation parameters(tree density and basal area),and species importance value index were *** class distribution and height-diameter allometry were further examined for the overall stand and most important *** densities(472.0±43.5 and 605.3±28.1 trees ha^-1 for C 5 cm to\10 cm and C 10 cm dbh(diameter at breast height)classes,respectively)and basal area values(1.99±0.19 and 48.07±3.46 m^2 ha^-1,respectively)are comparable to other Afromontane forests in East *** overall stand showed an inverted-J shaped distribution pattern which is a typical feature of stand size class distribution in most natural *** ecologically important species also exhibited an inverted-J shaped distribution pattern,suggesting good regeneration and recruitment *** were significant differences in species on height,reflecting species-specific height growth patterns,possibly a result of intrinsic growth potential and competitive *** present study suggests that conservation and management policies,including protection of surrounding land uses against fire,contribute to maintaining a successful recovery of these ***,it should be noted that these forests may be experiencing relatively slow dynamic flux as a result of the overmature state of some trees with several years under relatively strict protection.

关键词： Diversity Population structure Species composition Size class distribution

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Tree-ring:a suitable implement for spatial and temporal fire distribution analysis in savanna woodland and dry forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第2期26卷 435-446页

作者： Franck Sinsin romain GlèlèKaka? Bettina Orthmann Brice Sinsin Laboratoire d’Ecologie Appliquée Faculté des Sciences AgronomiquesUniversité d’Abomey-Calavi03 BP 1974 CotonouBénin Laboratory of Biomathematics and Forest Estimations Faculté des Sciences AgronomiquesUniversité d’Abomey-Calavi03 BP 1974 CotonouBénin Institute of Biosciences University of Rostock

Based on 120 stem discs collected during3 months of fieldwork along a 12 km route,the history of fires in the Wari Maro Forest（09 1000 N–02 1000E） over the past century in savanna woodland and dry forest was *** major ecological areas are characterized：one highly burnt zone located between two relative less burnt *** analyzing tree rings,246 fire scars were *** scars were caused by 51 fire years,occurring at a mean interval of 2.23 *** 1890 to1965,only 6 years with fires were recorded from sampled *** 1966,no year has passed without *** fire frequency point scale reached 14 *** was the case of Burkea africana,which has been identified as a species tolerant to fire and could be planted to create a natural *** contrast,Anogeissus leiocarpa is highly sensitive to fire,and in a dry forest ecosystem that burns seasonally,it requires a special conservation *** new concepts are described：the rebarking of trees after fire and Mean Kilometer Fire *** first concept was tested with Daniellia oliveri（Rolfe） Hutch ＆ Dalz trees,and the second concept was used to evaluate spatial fire *** demonstrate that savanna woodland and dry forest were subject to a degradation process caused by destructive fires related to vegetation cover clearance and illegal logging.

关键词： Fire ecology Tree-rings Savanna woodland Dry forest Conservation strategies

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Self-formation of hexagonal nanotemplates for growth of pyramidal quantum dots by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy on patterned substrates

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Nano Research 2016年第11期9卷 3279-3290页

作者： Alessandro Surrente romain Carron Pascal Gallo Alok Rudra Benjamin Dwir Eli Kapon Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne CH- 1015 Lausanne Switzerland

We demonstrate the self-formation of hexagonal nanotemplates on GaAs （111）B substrates patterned with arrays of inverted tetrahedral pyramids during metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy and its role in producing high-symmetry, site-controlled quantum dots （QDs）. By combining atomic force microscopy measurements on progressively thicker GaAs epitaxial layers with kinetic Monte Carlo growth simulations, we demonstrate self-maintained symmetry elevation of the QD formation sites from three-fold to six-fold symmetry. This symmetry elevation stems from adatom fluxes directed towards the high-curvature sites of the template, resulting in the formation of a fully three-dimensional hexagonal template after the deposition of relatively thin GaAs layers. We identified the growth conditions for consistently achieving a hexagonal pyramid bottom, which are useful for producing high-symmetry QDs for efficient generation of entangled photons.

关键词： metalorganic vapor phaseepitax kinetic Monte Carlosimulations epitaxial growth onpatterned substrates symmetry elevation adatom diffusion

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Mitochondrial transport of catalytic RNAs and targeting of the organellar transcriptome in human cells

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2023年第8期15卷 40-53页

作者： PawełGłodowicz Konrad Kuczynski romain Val AndréDietrich Katarzyna Rolle Department of Molecular Neurooncology Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciencesul.Z.Noskowskiego 12/1461-704 PoznanPoland Institute of Plant Molecular Biology French National Center for Scientific Research(CNRS)and University of Strasbourg12 rue du Général Zimmer67084 StrasbourgFrance

Mutations in the small genome present in mitochondria often result in severe *** genetic strategies have been explored,aiming to rescue such mutations.A number of these strategies were based on the capacity of human mitochondria to import RNAs from the cytosol and designed to repress the replication of the mutated genomes or to provide the organelles with wild-type versions of mutant ***,the mutant RNAs present in mitochondria turned out to be an obstacle to therapy and little attention has been devoted so far to their ***,we present the development of a strategy to knockdown mitochondrial RNAs in human cells using the transfer RNA-like structure of Brome mosaic virus or Tobacco mosaic virus as a shuttle to drive trans-cleaving ribozymes into the organelles in human cell *** obtained a specific knockdown of the targeted mitochondrial ATP6 mRNA,followed by a deep drop in ATP6 protein and a functional impairment of the oxidative phosphorylation *** strategy provides a powerful approach to eliminate mutant organellar transcripts and to analyse the control and communication of the human organellar genetic system.

关键词： human cells mitochondria ribozyme RNA trafficking transcriptome manipulation tRNA-like structure

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EGFR amplification induces sensitivity to antiEGFR therapy in pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2018年第4期10卷 103-107页

作者： Corentin Richard Julie Niogret romain Boidot Francois Ghiringhelli Platform of Transfer in Oncology Center GF LeclercDijon 21000France INSERM U1231 Dijon 21000France University of Bourgogne Franche Comte Dijon 21000France Department of Medical Oncology Georges Francois Leclerc Cancer CenterDijon 21000France

Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma(PACC) is a rare cancer. When the tumor is metastatic, few therapeutic options are available. Precision medicine using next-generation sequencing is defined by the administration of drugs based on the tumor genetic mutations. The usage of precision medicine for finding new therapeutic options for rare cancers is an emerging field. We have reported here the case of a patient bearing a multitreated metastatic PACC. This patient underwent somatic and constitutional exome analyses. The analyses revealed in the liver metastasis an amplification of the EGFR gene. Accordingly, the patient was treated with off-label usage of panitumumab. We observed rapid response with necrosis of the liver metastasis, while no efficacy was observed in the primary tumor. An exome analysis of the primary tumor revealed amplification of HER2 and MET with EGFR amplification. Such amplifications are known as a resistance mechanism to anti EGFR therapy. Our results suggest that exome analysis may be helpful to highlight targets in rare cancers, such as PACC. EGFR amplification in this pathology should be determined and could be used as a biomarker to propose anti EGFR therapy.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Acinar cell carcinoma Exome Genetic mutations Precision medicine

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