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互联网环境中的伦理

信息安全与通信保密 2017年第1期15卷 28-37页

作者：罗尔夫·韦伯瑞士苏黎世大学欧洲法研究所瑞士苏黎世大学信息技术社会和通讯法律中心

伦理是社会的重要价值观。但是在现实生活中,伦理更多是宣扬的美德,而非执行的标准。例如,最近的互联网治理讨论中虽然涉及伦理问题,但是伦理的重要性却未得到充分阐述。另外,考虑到社交网络鱼龙混杂,制定明确的伦理标准以保护用户隐私... 详细信息

伦理是社会的重要价值观。但是在现实生活中,伦理更多是宣扬的美德,而非执行的标准。例如,最近的互联网治理讨论中虽然涉及伦理问题,但是伦理的重要性却未得到充分阐述。另外,考虑到社交网络鱼龙混杂,制定明确的伦理标准以保护用户隐私的必要性毋庸置疑。本文分析了互联网治理中缺乏伦理标准的适当问责,并提出改善伦理环境的建议。

关键词：伦理互联网治理企业社会责任

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Boron neutron capture therapy of cancer:where do we stand now?

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Cancer Communications 2024年第8期44卷 889-892页

作者： rolf F.Barth Gong Wu Maria da Graca h.Vicente John C Grecula Nilendu Gupta Department of Pathology The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA Department of Chemistry Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA Department of Radiation Oncology The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA

1 INTRODUCTION,This is the third Editorial/Commentary that one of us(***)has written relating to boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)[1,2].For those readers who are unfamiliar with BNCT we would refer them to several recent comprehensive reviews[3–5].The second Editorial ended on a hopeful note that with the introduction of acceleratorbased neutron sources(ABNSs),BNCT would enter into the mainstream of radiation therapy[2].

关键词： boron 1,2 neutron

Enhanced diagnostic workup increases pathological findings in patients with acute ischaemic stroke:results of the prospective hEBRAS study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第2期9卷 145-152,I0414-I0425页

作者： Simon hellwig Thomas Krause Jan F Scheitz Juliane herm Ulrike Grittner Nadja Jauert Jochen B Fiebach Mario Kasner Wolfram Doehner Matthias Endres rolf Wachter Thomas Elgeti Christian h Nolte Karl Georg haeusler Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany Center for Stroke Research Berlin BerlinGermany Berlin Institute of health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin BIH Biomedical Innovation AcademyBerlinGermany Department of Neurology Jüdisches Krankenhaus BerlinBerlinGermany German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases(DZhK) Partner Site BerlinBerlinGermany Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany BIh Center for Regenerative Therapies(BCRT) Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany Department of Cardiology Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany Department of Cardiology Campus Benjamin FranklinCharité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE) Partner Site BerlinBerlinGermany Department of Cardiology University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany Department of Radiology Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany Department of Neurology University Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany

Background Stroke aetiology remains cryptogenic in a relevant proportion of patients with acute ischaemic stroke(AIS).We assessed whether enhanced diagnostic workup after AIS yields a higher rate of prespecified pathological findings compared with routine diagnostic care *** hospitalised patients with AIS were prospectively enrolled in the investigator-initiated observational hEart and BRain Interfaces in Acute Ischaemic Stroke(hEBRAS)study at the Charité,Berlin,*** with AIS without known atrial fibrillation(AF)underwent cardiovascular MR imaging(CMR),MR-angiography of the aortic arch and prolonged holter-ECG monitoring on top of routine diagnostic *** Among 356 patients with AIS(mean age 66 years,37.6%female),enhanced workup yielded a higher rate of prespecified pathological findings compared with routine care(17.7%vs 5.3%;phanced diagnostic workup(38.5%vs 45.5%,phocardiography in 228(64.0%)*** was successfully performed in 292(82.0%)patients and revealed more often a prespecified pathological finding compared with routine echocardiography(16.1%vs 5.3%).Furthermore,study-related ECG monitoring(median duration 162 hours(IQR 98–210))detected AF in 16(4.5%)patients,while routine monitoring(median duration 51 hours(IQR 34–74))detected AF in seven(2.0%)*** Enhanced diagnostic workup revealed a higher rate of prespecified pathological findings in patients with AIS compared with routine diagnostic care and significantly reduced the proportion of patients with cryptogenic *** registration number NCT02142413.

关键词： routine patients prospective

Self-Repairing Membranes for Inflatable Structures Inspired by a Rapid Wound Sealing Process of Climbing Plants

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2011年第3期8卷 242-250页

作者： Markus Rampf Olga Speck Thomas Speck rolf h. Luchsinger Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories.for Material Science and Technology Oberlandstrasse 129 8600 Diibendorf Switzerland Plant Biomechanics Group Faculty of Biology Botanic Garden University of Freiburg Schainzlestrafle 179104 Freiburg Germany

A new self-repairing membrane for inflatable light weight structures such as rubber boats or Tensairity constructions is presented. Inspired by rapid self-sealing processes in plants, a thin soft cellular polyurethane foam coating is applied on the inside of a fabric substrate, which closes the fissure if the membrane is punctured with a spike. Experimental tests are carried out with a purpose built setup by measuring the air mass flow through a leak in a damaged membrane sample. It is shown that the weight per unit area of the self-repairing foam as well as the curing of the two component PU-foam under an overpressure influence the repair efficiency. Curing the foam under overpressure affects the relative density as well as the microstructure of the foam coatings. Maximal median repair efficiencies of 0.999 have been obtained with 0.16 *** 2 foam cured at 1 bar overpressure. These results suggest that the bio-inspired technique has the potential to extend the functional integrity of injured inflatable structures dramatically.

关键词： self-repair self-healing biomimetics inflatable structures puncture resistance PU foam coating

Advanced virtual prototyping for cyber-physical systems using RISC-V: implementation, verification and challenges

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2022年第1期65卷 5-21页

作者： Vladimir hERDT rolf DREChSLER Institute of Computer Science University of Bremen Cyber-Physical Systems DFKI Gmb H

Virtual prototypes(VPs) are crucial in today’s design flow. VPs are predominantly created in System C transaction-level modeling(TLM) and are leveraged for early software development and other system-level use cases. Recently, virtual prototyping has been introduced for the emerging RISC-V instruction set architecture(ISA) and become an important piece of the growing RISC-V ecosystem. In this paper, we present enhanced virtual prototyping solutions tailored for RISC-V. The foundation is an advanced open source RISC-V VP implemented in System C TLM and designed as a configurable and extensible *** scales from small bare-metal systems to large multi-core systems that run applications on top of the Linux operating system. Based on the RISC-V VP, this paper also discusses advanced VP-based verification approaches and open challenges. In combination, we provide for the first time an integrated and unified overview and perspective on advanced virtual prototyping for RISC-V.

关键词： virtual prototyping RISC-V SystemC TLM verification

Pressure induced stability: from pneumatic structures to Tensairity~

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2004年第3期1卷 141-148页

作者： rolf h. Luchsinger Mauro Pedretti Andreas Reinhard Prospective Concepts ag Flughofstrasse 41 8152 Glattbrugg SwitzerlandAirlight Ltd. Via Croce 1 6710 Biasca Switzerland Prospective Concepts ag Flughofstrasse 41 8152 Glattbrugg Switzerland

Structural stabilization by a pressurized fluid is very common in nature, however hardly found in technology. Car tires, hot air balloons, airships and airhouses are among the few technical exceptions, which are stabilized by a compressed medium, typically air. Restricted by simple geometries and a very limited load bearing capacity these pneumatic structures could succeed only in very specialized applications. Nevertheless, prospective concepts ag has systematically investigated pneumatic structures during the last few years. As a major result, it was demonstrated that almost any shape can be made with pneumatic structures and that astonishing structures such as the pneumatic airplane Stingray can be realized even with low air pressure. On top of that, Airlight Ltd. in close collaboration with prospective concepts ag has recently developed the fundamental new structural concept Tensairity. The synergetic combination of an inflated structure with conventional structural elements such as cables and struts yields pneumatic light-weight structures with the load bearing capacity of steel girders. Thus, complex forms and high strength open up many new opportunities for pressure induced stability in technology. An overview of these recent developments is presented and the close relationship of pneumatic structures with biology is outlined.

关键词： pneumatic structures tensairity web technology aviation self-repairing membrane

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Moving beyond Wastewater:Perspectives on Environmental Surveillance of Infectious Diseases for Public health Action in Low-Resource Settings

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Environment & health 2024年第10期2卷 684-687页

作者： Jeseth Delgado Vela Sarah E.Philo Joe Brown Mami Taniuchi Molly Cantrell Alexandra Kossik Maya Ramaswamy Sitara SR Ajjampur Fatma Z.Guerfali Rochelle h.holm John Scott Meschke Maria Catherine B.Otero Amy J.Pickering Mahbubur Rahman Alexander G.Shaw Abhilasha Shrestha Kwanrawee Sirikanchana Vivi Maketa Tevuzula rolf U.halden Alexandria B.Boehm Kyle Bibby Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina 27710United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences University of Notre DameSouth BendIndiana 46556United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA 90007USA Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina 27599United States Division of Infectious Diseases and International health University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia 22903United States Waterborne Disease Prevention Branch U.S.Centers for Disease ControlAtlantaGeorgia 30329United States The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory Christian Medical CollegeVellore 632004India Laboratory of Transmission Control and Immunobiology of Infections(LTCII)Institut Pasteur de TunisTunis-Belvédère 1002Tunisia UniversitéTunis El Manar Tunis 1002Tunisia Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute School of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentucky 40202United States Department of Environmental and Occupational health Sciences School of Public HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195United States College of Medicine University of the Philippines ManilaManila 2801Philippines Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCalifornia 94720United States Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research(IEDCR)Dhaka 1212Bangladesh Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZU.K. Division of Environmental and Occupational health Sciences University of Illinois Chicago School of Public HealthChicagoIllinois 60612United States Research Laboratory of Biotechnology Chulabhorn Research InstituteBangkok 10210Thailand Department of Tropical Medicine University of KinshasaKinshasa/DR 63090201Congo School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment Arizona State UniversityTempe

Although testing wastewater for public health surveillance has recently received significant attention in the United States,researchers and public health professionals have long realized the tremendous promise of environmental surveillance(ES),defined as tracking pathogens of interest in fecally contaminated surface waters,soil,or fomites,in low-resource settings for public health action.1,2 The power of ES in lowresource settings is most clearly illustrated with the over 30 years of well-established and standardized polio *** part of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative,the World health Organization(WhO)has accredited 146 laboratories within the Global Polio Lab Network(GPLN).These facilities across 92 countries process over 8,000 wastewater or fecally contaminated surface water samples per year,in addition to over 220,000 stool samples annually.3 The data generated from the GPLN are closely linked to clear public health action related to targeted vaccination *** investment and adoption of ES for polio eradication efforts serves as a use-case for other targets of *** explore the current state of the field,the National Science Foundation-funded Research Coordination Network(RCN)on Wastewater Based Epidemiology for SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Public health Threats held a workshop in December 2023 to discuss the opportunities and challenges for ES in low-resource settings(Figure 1).Discussions during the workshop highlighted knowledge gaps,best-practices,target selection,academic/government/private partnerships and overall public health action and sustainability of these programs.

关键词： wastewater Wastewater annually

ThE GROWTh OF SINGLE CRYSTAL AND ThE DETERMINATION OF CRYSTALLOGRAPhIC PA RAMETERS OF （L-TRYPTOPhAN）A1-INSULIN AND （D-TRYPTOPhAN）A1-INSULIN

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Science China Chemistry 1985年第11期28卷 1157-1162页

作者：万柱礼,梁栋材,rolf GEIGER Institute of Biophysics Academia Sinica Beijing Institute of Biophysics Academia Sinica Beijing hOEOhST-Aktiengesellschaft: D-6230 Frankfurt (Main)

The crystal-growing conditions and the results of preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of （L-Try）A1-insulin and （D-Try）A1-insulin are reported. The single crystals of this pair of insulin analogue suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis have been grown in the citrate buffer system by still-setting method. They both belong to the trigonal system with space group R3. The parameters of the unit cell （L-Trp）A1-insulin are αh= 80.31, ch= 37.45 and those of （D-Trp）A1-insulin αh = 79.48, ch = 43.81. There are two molecules in an asymmetric unit. The obtained results are discussed.

关键词： D-TRYPTOPhAN INSULIN INSULIN AND L-TRYPTOPhAN ThE GROWTh OF SINGLE CRYSTAL AND ThE DETERMINATION OF CRYSTALLOGRAPhIC PA RAMETERS OF A1