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Steroids in acute respiratory distress syndrome:A panacea or still a puzzle?

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2024年第2期13卷 93-105页

作者： Sharmili Sinha rohit Patnaik Srikant Behera Department of Critical Care Medicine Apollo HospitalsBhubaneswar 751005OdishaIndia Department of Critical Care Medicine Medeor 24x7 HospitalAl Danah 40330Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Department of Internal Medicine and Critical Care All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswar 751019OdishaIndia

Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is a unique entity marked by various etiologies and heterogenous *** remain concerns regarding the efficacy of particular medications for each severity level apart from respiratory *** several pharmacotherapies which have been examined in the treatment of ARDS,corticosteroids,in particular,have demonstrated potential for improving the resolution of ***,it is imperative to consider the potential adverse effects of hyperglycemia,susceptibility to hospital-acquired infections,and the development of intensive care unit acquired weakness when administering *** far,a multitude of trials spanning several decades have investigated the role of corticosteroids in *** stringent trials are necessary to identify particular subgroups before implementing corticosteroids more widely in the treatment of *** review article provides a concise overview of the most recent evidence regarding the role and impact of corticosteroids in the management of ARDS.

关键词： Acute respiratory distress syndrome Corticosteroids Septic shock Community acquired pneumonia COVID-19 Randomized controlled trials

Stepwise colloidal lithography toward scalable and various planar chiral metamaterials

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 723-735页

作者： Xiu Yang Yong Liu Fei-Liang Chen Qian-Qi Lin rohit Chikkaraddy Shan-Shan Huang Shi-Lin Xian Yi-Dong Hou Jing-Lei Du Liang-Ping Xia Chun-Lei Du School of Electronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China Zhuhai Multiscale Optoelectronics Technology Co. Ltd.Zhuhai915060China Hybrid Materials for Opto-Electronics Group Department of Molecules and MaterialsMESA+Institute for NanotechnologyMolecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano SystemsFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Twente7500 AEEnschedeThe Netherlands School of Physics and Astronomy University of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Optoelectronic Devices and Intelligent Perception Systems Yangtze Normal UniversityChongqing408100China

Chiral metamaterials(CMs)composed by artificial chiral resonators have attracted great attentions in the recent decades due to their strong chiroptical resonance and identifiable interaction with chiral materials,facilitating practical applications in chiral biosensing,chiral emission,and display ***,the complex geometry of CMs improves the fabrication difficulty and hinders their scalable fabrication for practical applications,especially in the visible and ultraviolet *** potential strategy is the colloidal lithography that enables parallel fabrication for scalable and various planar ***,we demonstrate a stepwise colloidal lithography technique that uses sequential deposition from multiple CMs and expand their variety and *** geometry and optical chirality of building blocks from single deposition are systematically investigated,and their combination enables a significant extension of the range of chiral patterns by multiple-step *** approach resulted in a myriad of complex designs with different characteristic sizes,compositions,and shapes,which are particularly beneficial for the development of nanophotonic *** addition,we designed a flexible chiral device based on PDMS,which exhibits a good CD value and excellent stability even after multiple inward and outward *** excellent compatibility to various substrates makes the planar CMs more flexible in practical applications in microfluidic biosensing.

关键词： Chiral metamaterials Colloidal lithography Nanophotonics Metasurfaces Plasmonics Nanofabrications Flexible devices

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis:changing trends in the incidence,age and gender(findings from the CMC Vellore CVT registry)

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第3期9卷 252-257页

作者： Angel Miraclin T John Davis Prasad George Abraham Ninan Mahasampath Gowri Deepti Bal Atif Iqbal Ahmed Shaikh rohit N Benjamin Appaswamy Thirumal Prabhakar Ajith Sivadasan Vivek Mathew Sanjith Aaron Department of Neurological Sciences Christian Medical CollegeVelloreTamil NaduIndia Department of Biostatistics Christian Medical CollegeVelloreTamil NaduIndia

Background Multiple cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(CVT)registries from various geographical regions indicate that female gender,the use of contraceptive pills,pregnancy and puerperium are important risk *** this study,we report the changes in the epidemiology of patients with CVT managed over the past 26 *** The CMC Vellore CVT registry is a prospectively maintained database at the Christian Medical College,Vellore since January *** software was used to analyse the data and assess the changes in the incidence,age and gender distribution over the previous 26 *** Among 1701 patients treated during the study period,908(53%)were women and 793(47%)were *** mean incidence of CVT was 49 per 100000 admissions before 2010,which increased to 96 per 100000 after *** gender had a higher odds of developing CVT OR–2.07(CI 1.68 to 2.55,p<0.001).This could be attributed to the declining incidence of postpartum CVT after 2010 compared with the decade before 2010(50%vs 20%).The mean age at presentation had increased from 24.5 to 33.2 years in the last *** There was a clear change in the gender pattern from being a condition with female preponderance,to one where equal or more men are being *** incidence of postpartum CVT cases could be the driving *** increase in the overall incidence of CVT cases was noted,probably due to a higher index of clinical suspicion and better diagnostic imaging modalities.

关键词： CVT driving maintained

Metal to insulator transition for conducting polymers in plasmonic nanogaps

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 23-32页

作者： Yuling Xiong rohit Chikkaraddy Charlie Readman Shu Hu Kunli Xiong Jialong Peng Qianqi Lin Jeremy J.Baumberg NanoPhotonics Centre Cavendish LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB30HEUK School of Physics&Astronomy University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices National University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina Hybrid Materials for Opto-Electronics Group Department of Molecules and MaterialsMESA+Institute for NanotechnologyMolecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano SystemsFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeNetherlands

Conjugated polymers are promising material candidates for many future applications in flexible displays, organic circuits, and sensors. Their performance is strongly affected by their structural conformation including both electrical and optical anisotropy. Particularly for thin layers or close to crucial interfaces, there are few methods to track their organization and functional behaviors. Here we present a platform based on plasmonic nanogaps that can assess the chemical structure and orientation of conjugated polymers down to sub-10 nm thickness using light. We focus on a representative conjugated polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), of varying thickness (2-20 nm) while it undergoes redox in situ. This allows dynamic switching of the plasmonic gap spacer through a metal-insulator transition. Both dark-field (DF) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra track the optical anisotropy and orientation of polymer chains close to a metallic interface. Moreover, we demonstrate how this influences both optical and redox switching for nanothick PEDOT devices.

关键词： transition insulator conjugated

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铁路路基病害探地雷达智能识别方法

地球物理学进展 2024年

作者：杨洋赵广茂张志厚张天一吴艳霞黄丽敏舒永正 rohit Shrestha 西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院中国铁路设计集团有限公司

随着铁路线路服役期的增长，路基结构会因施工缺陷、养护不当、地质灾害和混凝土结构老化等因素出现病害。车载探地雷达技术是检测铁路路基病害的有效手段。然而，目前雷达数据的解译主要依赖人工识别，不仅效率低下，且主观性强。此外... 详细信息

随着铁路线路服役期的增长，路基结构会因施工缺陷、养护不当、地质灾害和混凝土结构老化等因素出现病害。车载探地雷达技术是检测铁路路基病害的有效手段。然而，目前雷达数据的解译主要依赖人工识别，不仅效率低下，且主观性强。此外，也有少量智能识别方法得到了应用，但其识别精度通常难以满足实际工程的需求。鉴于此，本文提出了一种基于半监督深度学习方法识别路基病害。首先，针对病害体数据集中样本不平衡问题，研究了基于生成对抗网络模型的数据扩充方法，并采用少量优质化病害样本进行病害图谱智能化扩充；其次，基于YOLOv5网络对已有少量样本进行监督学习，获得病害识别的初始网络模型，再对智能化扩充样本进行识别标注，从而实现了病害体样本的类型平衡；最后，利用较完备数据集进行训练，提升智能模型识别精度。实验结果表明，模型精度最高可达94.53%，相比未扩充数据集的监督学习模型准确率提升了23.85%。表明本文所提出的智能新方法能够更大程度挖掘模型潜在学习能力，进而提高路基病害的识别精度。这对于铁路路基病害检测具有较强的工业应用价值。

关键词：病害检测探地雷达 YOLO GAN 半监督学习

Association between balloon atrial septostomy and prostaglandin E1 therapy until repair of transposition of the great arteries in neonates

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Pediatric Investigation 2024年第2期8卷 135-138页

作者： Samantha Gilg Sebastian Acosta rohit S.Loomba Claire Rizk Gary E.Stapleton David Faraoni Fabio Savorgnan Department of Pediatrics Divisions of Critical Care Medicine and CardiologyTexas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA Department of Pediatrics Division of CardiologyTexas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA Department of Pediatrics The Heart InstituteAdvocate Children’s HospitalChicago Medical School and Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceOak LawnIllinoisUSA Department of Anesthesiology Arthur S.Keats Division of Pediatric Cardiovascular AnesthesiaPerioperative and Pain MedicineTexas Children’s HospitalBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA

The standard of care in the management of d-transposition of the great arteries(TGA)includes the arterial switch operation(ASO).1,2 Although some institutions have begun to publish the results of performing the ASO within the first few hours of life,most centers continue to"electively"delay ASO for several days to allow for a reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance and the stabilization of renal and liver function.1,2 The early initiation of prostaglandin E1(PGE)infusion to maintain ductal patency is a nearly universal component of therapy in order to maintain adequate arterial oxygen saturation and systemic oxygen delivery during the pre-operative period via intercirculatory mixing at the atrial septal and patent ductus arteriosus levels1,3.

关键词： balloon maintain stabilization

The Monsoon Low-Level Jet:Climatology and Impact on Monsoon Rainfall over the West Coast and Central Peninsular India

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2023年第1期37卷 112-125页

作者： rohit THAPLIYAL Meteorological Centre India Meteorological DepartmentUttarakhand 248005India

The monsoon low-level jet(MLLJ)originates at Mascarene high and after traveling thousands of kilometers enters India from the western boundary causing deep convection,cloudiness,and *** its core lies at 850 hPa,it has a large vertical extent;therefore,different meteorological parameters at different levels have a large influence on the Indian summer monsoon *** study aims to examine the upper-air climatology of 9 stations on the west coast and central Peninsular India and to find out the effects of various parameters at different standard pressure levels on the Indian summer monsoon rainfall *** used the 34-yr(1971–2004)actual upper-air radiosonde/radio wind and standard synoptic surface observations data from these 9 stations and reported some new aspects of the *** NCEP/NCAR and ECMWF reanalysis wind data have also been used to holistically study the features of MLLJ over sea and land *** study,as opposed to some recent studies,confirms the splitting of MLLJ into two branches,which can be seen on a few days during the monsoon *** analyses show that the change in geopotential height between 800 and 900 hPa has a strong bearing on the strength of *** change in the upper-air pressure gradient force over the Indian landmass can cause a change in the wind speed of MLLJ during the monsoon season.

关键词： monsoon low-level jet(MLLJ) heavy rainfall MLLJ splitting MLLJ climatology Somali low-level jet

Circulating microRNA expression and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents with severe obesity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第4期30卷 332-345页

作者： Yi-Jie Li Brittney O Baumert Nikos Stratakis Jesse A Goodrich Hao-Tian Wu Jing-Xuan He Yin-Qi Zhao Max T Aung Hong-Xu Wang Sandrah P Eckel Douglas I Walker Damaskini Valvi Michele A La Merrill Justin R Ryder Thomas H Inge Todd Jenkins Stephanie Sisley rohit Kohli Stavra A Xanthakos Andrea A Baccarelli Rob McConnell David V Conti Lida Chatzi Department of Population and Public Health Sciences Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90032United States Barcelona Institute of Global Health Barcelona Institute of Global HealthBarcelona 08036Spain Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032United States Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health Rollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGA 30329United States Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Department of Environmental Toxicology University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616United States Department of Surgery Lurie Children’s Hospital of ChicagoChicagoIL 60611United States Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60611United States Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH 45229United States Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH 45229United States Department of Pediatrics Children’s Nutrition Research Center USDA/ARSBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Gastroenterology Children’s Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90027United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH 45229United States

BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is one of the most common chronic liver diseases in children and *** ranges in severity from isolated hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),wherein hepatocellular inflammation and/or fibrosis coexist with *** microRNA(miRNA)levels have been suggested to be altered in NAFLD,but the extent to which miRNA are related to NAFLD features remains *** analysis tested the hypothesis that plasma miRNAs are significantly associated with histological features of NAFLD in *** To investigate the relationship between plasma miRNA expression and NAFLD features among adolescents with *** This study included 81 adolescents diagnosed with NAFLD and 54 adolescents without NAFLD from the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery ***-operative core liver biopsies were collected from participants and used to characterize histological features of *** samples were collected during surgery for miRNA profiling.A total of 843 plasma miRNAs were profiled using the HTG EdgeSeq *** examined associations of plasma miRNAs and NAFLD features using logistic regression after adjusting for age,sex,race,and other key *** Pathways Analysis was used to identify biological functions of miRNAs that were associated with multiple histological features of *** We identified 16 upregulated plasma miRNAs,including miR-193a-5p and miR-193b-5p,and 22 downregulated plasma miRNAs,including miR-1282 and miR-6734-5p,in adolescents with ***,52,16,15,and 9 plasma miRNAs were associated with NASH,fibrosis,ballooning degeneration,and lobular inflammation,***,16 miRNAs were associated with two or more histological features of *** those miRNAs,miR-411-5p was downregulated in NASH,ballooning,and fibrosis,while miR-122-5p,miR-1343-5p,miR-193a-5p,miR-193b-5p,and miR-7845-5p were consistently and posi

关键词： MicroRNA Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Liver fibrosis Lobular inflammation Ballooning degeneration

Optimal policy for controlling two-server queueing systems with jockeying

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2022年第1期33卷 144-155页

作者： LIN Bing LIN Yuchen BHATNAGAR rohit School of Business Jiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou 221116China Wenzheng College Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215104China Nanyang Business School Nanyang Technological UniversityNanyang 639798Singapore

This paper studies the optimal policy for joint control of admission, routing, service, and jockeying in a queueing system consisting of two exponential servers in *** arrive according to a Poisson *** each arrival, an admission/routing decision is made, and the accepted job is routed to one of the two servers with each being associated with a *** each service completion, the servers have an option of serving a job from its own queue, serving a jockeying job from another queue, or staying *** system performance is inclusive of the revenues from accepted jobs, the costs of holding jobs in queues, the service costs and the job jockeying *** maximize the total expected discounted return, we formulate a Markov decision process(MDP) model for this *** value iteration method is employed to characterize the optimal policy as a hedging point *** studies verify the structure of the hedging point policy which is convenient for implementing control actions in practice.

关键词： queueing system jockeying optimal policy Markov decision process(MDP) dynamic programming