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The effect of ethanol fuel dilution on oil performance and MoDTC tribofilms formation and composition

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Friction 2024年第9期12卷 2108-2125页

作者： Juan ruiz-ACERO Felipe KESSLER Henara COSTA Tiago COUSSEAU Polytechnic School Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo 05508-030Brazil School of Food and Chemistry Universidade Federal do Rio GrandeRio Grande 96203-000Brazil School of Engineering Universidade Federal do Rio GrandeRio Grande 96203-900Brazil Mechanical Engineering Department Univ.Tecnológica Federal do ParanáCuritiba 81280-340Brazil University of Newcastle CallaghanSW 2308Australia

Ethanol has emerged as a promising alternative to fossil fuels,but its use can lead to significant dilution in lubricants,particularly during cold start or heavy *** dilution can affect the performance of additives,including friction modifiers like molybdenum dithiocarbamate(MoDTC),which are designed to reduce friction under extreme contact *** research suggests that ethanol may impact the performance of MoDTC,prompting this study’s goal to investigate the effects of ethanol on MoDTC tribofilms and their friction response under boundary lubrication ***,reciprocating tribological tests were performed with fully formulated lubricants containing MoDTC with varying ethanol *** results indicate that a critical ethanol dilution level inhibits friction reduction by MoDTC activation,resulting in friction coefficients(COFs)similar to the base *** tested with simple mixtures of polyalphaolefin(PAO)+MoDTC showed increased COFs with added *** of tested surfaces using Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and X-ray absorption spectroscopy near the edge structure(XANES)revealed the presence of sulfates,MoO_(3),MoS_(2),and MoS_(x)O_(y)compounds in the tribofilms formed on the surfaces,with and without ethanol diluted in the ***,the addition of ethanol increased the sulfates and MoO_(3)content of the tribofilms at the expense of friction-reducing compounds such as MoS_(2)and MoS_(x)O_(y).These findings suggest that ethanol dilution in lubricants containing MoDTC creates an oxygen-rich interfacial medium that favors the formation of compounds with insufficient friction-reducing capabilities.

关键词： molybdenum dithiocarbamate(MoDTC) ethanol tribofilm friction modifier additive lubricant

Rumen microbial degradation of bromoform from red seaweed(Asparagopsis taxiformis)and the impact on rumen fermentation and methanogenic archaea

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 412-426页

作者： Pedro Romero Alejandro Belanche Elisabeth Jiménez Rafael Hueso Eva Ramos-Morales Joan King Salwen Ermias Kebreab david R.Yáñez-ruiz Estacion Experimental del Zaidin Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas(CSIC)Profesor Albareda 1Granada 18008Spain Department of Animal Production and Food Sciences University of ZaragozaMiguel Servet 177Saragossa 50013Spain Blue Ocean Barns Inc. Redwood CityCAUSA Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95618USA

Background The red macroalgae Asparagopsis is an effective methanogenesis inhibitor due to the presence of halogenated methane(CH_(4))analogues,primarily bromoform(CHBr_(3)).This study aimed to investigate the degradation process of CHBr3 from A taxiformis in the rumen and whether this process is *** in vitro batch culture system was used according to a 2×2 factorial design,assessing two A taxiformis inclusion rates[0(CTL)and 2%DM diet(AT)]and two diets[high-concentrate(HC)and high-forage diet(HF)].Incubations lasted for 72 h and samples of headspace and fermentation liquid were taken at 0,0.5,1,3,6,8,12,16,24,48 and 72 h to assess the pattern of degradation of CHBr_(3) into dibromomethane(CH_(2)Br_(2))and fermentation ***,an in vitro experiment with pure cultures of seven methanogens strains(Methanobrevibacter smithii,Methanobrevibacter ruminantium,Methanosphaera stadtmanae,Methanosarcina barkeri,Methanobrevibacter millerae,Methanorhermobacter wolfei and Methanobacterium mobile)was conducted to test the effects of increasing concentrations of CHBr3(0.4,2,10and 50μmol/L).Results The addition of AT significantly decreased CH_(4) production(P=0.002)and the acetate:propionate ratio(P=0.003)during a 72-h *** concentrations of CHBr_(3) showed a rapid decrease with nearly 90%degraded within the first 3 h of *** the contrary,CH_(2)Br_(2) concentration quickly increased during the first 6 h and then gradually decreased towards the end of the *** CHBr_(3) degradation nor CH_(2)Br_(2) synthesis were affected by the type of diet used as substrate,suggesting that the fermentation rate is not a driving factor involved in CHBr_(3)*** in vitro culture of methanogens showed a dose-response effect of CHBr3 by inhibiting the growth of ***,***,***,***,***,***,and *** The present work demonstrated that CHBr_(3) from *** is quickly degrad

关键词： Bromoform metabolism Dibromomethane metabolism Methane mitigation Methanogens Rumen microbiota Seaweed

Connecting neurodevelopment to neurodegeneration:a spotlight on the role of kinesin superfamily protein 2A(KIF2A)

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 375-379页

作者： Nuria ruiz-Reig Janne Hakanen Fadel Tissir Universitécatholique de Louvain Institute of neuroscienceBrusselsBelgium College of Health and Life Sciences Hamad Bin Khalifa University(HBKU)DohaQatar

Microtubules play a central role in cytoskeletal changes during neuronal development and *** dynamics is essential to polarity and shape transitions underlying neural cell division,differentiation,motility,and *** superfamily protein 2A is a member of human kinesin 13 gene family of proteins that depolymerize and destabilize *** dividing cells,kinesin superfamily protein 2A is involved in mitotic progression,spindle assembly,and chromosome *** postmitotic neurons,it is required for axon/dendrite specification and extension,neuronal migration,connectivity,and *** with kinesin superfamily protein 2A mutations suffer from a variety of malformations of cortical development,epilepsy,autism spectrum disorder,and *** this review,we discuss how kinesin superfamily protein 2A regulates neuronal development and function,and how its deregulation causes neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders.

关键词： brain disorders cortical malformations kinesin microtubules neurodegeneration neurodevelopment

Oxidative dissolution of Cr(OH)_(3) and mixed Fe-Cr(Ⅲ)phases by aqueous Mn(Ⅲ)-pyrophosphate complex

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 105-113页

作者： Mismel ruiz-Garcia Jordan Stanberry Giovanna Ballerini Ribeiro Vasileios Anagnostopoulos Department of Chemistry University of Central FloridaOrlando FL 32816USA

The key role of manganese(Mn)in the biogeochemical cycle of trace elements has been of great interest in recent ***,the redox properties of aqueous Mn(Ⅲ)have been studied to a lesser ***(Ⅲ)is not stable in solution by ***,when complexed with inorganic ligands,it has shown potential to oxidize and reduce trace *** the present study,we are exploring the redox characteristics of the complex Mn(Ⅲ)-Pyrophosphate(Mn(Ⅲ)-PP).This complex is stable over a wide range of pH values but requires the ratio of Mn:PP to be less than 1:***,the redox reaction of chromium(Cr(Ⅲ))and Mn(Ⅲ)-PP is investigated.A solid,Cr(OH)_(3),is used as a source of Cr(Ⅲ).For this reaction,environmentally relevant parameters,such as pH,ionic strength,ratio Mn(Ⅲ)/Cr(Ⅲ),and excess of ligand,were *** showed that Mn(Ⅲ)can effectively oxidize Cr(Ⅲ)to Cr(Ⅵ),taking about 15 days for the reaction to *** reaction occurs only under acidic conditions(pH4),and with a low excess of *** initial Mn(Ⅲ)concentration decreases as the Cr(Ⅵ)is produced,and Cr(Ⅵ)can be adsorbed back into the Cr(OH)_(3)surface,limiting the mobility of this toxic *** this adsorption,significant amounts of Cr(VI)are release in the aqueous *** study shows the importance of a mobile species(Mn-PP complex)in the oxidation of Cr(Ⅲ)and the release of Cr(Ⅵ)to the environment.

关键词： Chromium Manganese Pyrophosphate complex Sorption Ionic strength Redox

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a PCM-Integrated Roof for Higher Thermal Performance of Buildings

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 522-536页

作者： SIMON François ruiz-VALERO Letzai GIRARD Aymeric GALLEGUILLOS Hector Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable(CEDEUS) Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile7500000SantiagoChile Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra(PUCMM)10103Santo DomingoDominican Republic LMGC IMT Mines AlesUniv MontpellierCNRS30100AlèsFrance Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Universidad Adolfo Ibañez2520000Viña del MarChile Centro de Desarrollo Energético Antofagasta(CDEA) Universidad de Antofagasta1240000AntofagastaChile

Phase change materials(PCMs) designate materials able to store latent *** change state from solid to liquid over a defined temperature *** process is reversible and can be used for thermo-technical *** present paper aims to study the thermal performance of an inorganic eutectic PCM integrated into the rooftop slab of a test room and analyze its potential for building thermal *** experiment is conducted in two test rooms in Antofagasta(Chile) during summer,fall,and *** PCM is integrated into the rooftop of the first test room,while the roof panel of the second room is a sealed air *** work introduces a numerical model,which is built using the finite difference method and used to simulate the rooms' thermal *** thermal simulations of the PCM room are performed for other Chilean locations to evaluate and compare the capability of the PCM panel to store latent heat thermal energy in different *** show that the indoor temperature of the PCM room in Antofagasta varies only 21.1℃±10.6℃,while the one of the air-panel room varies 28.3℃±18.5℃.Under the experiment's conditions,the PCM room's indoor temperature observes smoother diurnal fluctuations,with lower maximum and higher minimum indoor temperatures than that of the air-panel *** simulations in other cities show that the PCM panel has a better thermal performance during winter,as it helps to maintain or increase the room temperature by some degrees to reach comfort *** demonstrates that the implementation of such PCM in the building envelope can effectively reduce space heating and cooling needs,and improve indoor thermal comfort in different climates of Chile.

关键词： phase change material thermal energy storage building space heating and cooling energy efficiency designbuilder

A Stable FE-FD Method for Anisotropic Parabolic PDEs with Moving Interfaces

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 992-1012页

作者： Baiying Dong Zhilin Li Juan ruiz-Alvarez School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering NingXia UniversityYinchuan 750021NingxiaChina School of Mathematics and Computer Science NingXia Normal UniversityGuyuan 756000NingxiaChina Department of Mathematics North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695-8205USA Departamento de Matematica Aplicada y Estadistica Universidad Politecnica de CartagenaCartagenaSpain

In this paper,a new finite element and finite difference(FE-FD)method has been developed for anisotropic parabolic interface problems with a known moving interface using Cartesian *** the spatial discretization,the standard P,FE discretization is applied so that the part of the coefficient matrix is symmetric positive definite,while near the interface,the maximum principle preserving immersed interface discretization is *** the time discretization,a modified Crank-Nicolson discretization is employed so that the hybrid FE-FD is stable and second order *** terms are needed when the interface crosses grid *** moving interface is represented by the zero level set of a Lipschitz continuous *** experiments presented in this paper confirm second orderconvergence.

关键词： Anisotropic parabolic interface problem Hybrid finite element and finite difference(FE-FD)discretization Modified Crank Nicolson scheme

Predicting the clothing insulation through machine learning algorithms:A comparative analysis and a practical approach

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Building Simulation 2024年第5期17卷 839-855页

作者： Pablo Aparicio-ruiz Elena Barbadilla-Martin Jose Guadix Jesus Munuzuri Grupo de Ingenieria de Organizacion Escuela Tecnica Superior de IngenieriaUniversidad de SevillaCamino de los Descubrimientos S/N41092SevilleSpain

Since indoor clothing insulation is a key element in thermal comfort models,the aim of the present study is proposing an approach for predicting it,which could assist the occupants of a building in terms of recommendations regarding their *** that,a systematic analysis of input variables is exposed,and 13 regression and 12 classification machine learning algorithms were developed and *** results are based on data from 3352 questionnaires and 21 input variables from a field study in mixed-mode office buildings in *** temperature at 6 a.m.,indoor air temperature,indoor relative humidity,comfort temperature and gender were the most relevant features for predicting clothing *** comparing machine learning algorithms,decision tree-based algorithms with Boosting techniques achieved the best *** proposed model provides an efficient method for forecasting the clothing insulation level and its application would entail optimising thermal comfort and energy efficiency.

关键词： clothing insulation simulation adaptive thermal comfort behavioural adaptive actions machine learning

Kick-start for metabolomics in liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第9期16卷 1206-1210页

作者： Armando Guerra-ruiz Laboratory Medicine University Hospital Marques de ValdecillaSantander 39008CantabriaSpain Commission on Biochemical Assessment of Liver Disease Spanish Society of Clinical Chemistry(SEQC-ML)Barcelona 08025CataloniaSpain Digestive Diseases Valdecilla Research Institute(IDIVAL)Santander 39011CantabriaSpain

It is not complicated for the clinician to diagnose a patient with advanced fibrosis or liver cirrhosis when he has already presented some decompensation of his liver ***,it is in the earliest stages when the patient's prognosis can be modified the *** liver disease is generally asymptomatic,not invasive markers are of great *** the era of omics,it is time for metabolomics to accompany genomics and proteomics,which are more established in the diagno-stics and prognostics clinical ***,understood as the compre-hensive evaluation of the metabolites present in the organism in a specific phys-iological situation,has undoubted advantages in the study and identification of serum markers relevant to a specific *** year,I read with interest two articles published in this journal:“Baseline metabolites could predict responders with hepatitis B virus-related liver fibrosis for entecavir or combined with FuzhengHuayu tablet”by Dai et al and“Metabolomics in chronic hepatitis C:Decoding fibrosis grading and underlying pathways”by Ferrasi et *** papers illuminate the power of metabolomics to provide us with new tools in the management of liver *** this editorial,I comment on these studies and others,and note how they can contribute to our understanding of liver disease in more than one way.

关键词： Metabolomics Liver disease Biomarkers Hepatology Mass spectrometry Hepatitis Clinical biochemistry

Toward sustainable waste management in small islands developing states: integrated waste-to-energy solutions in Maldives context

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 133-148页

作者： Yao Wang Alejandro ruiz-Acevedo Eemaan Rameez Vijaya Raghavan Abid Hussain Xunchang Fei School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore United Nations Office for Project Services(UNOPS) United Nations BuildingBuruzu MaguMale’20184Maldives Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill UniversitySte-Anne-De-BellevueQuebec H9X 3V9Canada Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaOntario K1S 5B6H9X 3V9Canada

Effective waste management is a major challenge for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) like Maldives due to limited land availability. Maldives exemplifies these issues as one of the most geographically dispersed countries, with a population unevenly distributed across numerous islands varying greatly in size and population density. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the unique waste management practices across different regions of Maldives in relation to its natural and socioeconomic context. Data shows Maldives has one of the highest population density and per capita waste generation among SIDS, despite its small land area and medium GDP per capita. Large disparities exist between the densely populated capital Male’ with only 5.8 km2 area generating 63% of waste and the ~194 scattered outer islands with ad hoc waste management practices. Given Male’s dense population and high calorific waste, incineration could generate up to ~30 GW/a energy and even increase Maldives’ renewable energy supply by 200%. In contrast, decentralized anaerobic digestion presents an optimal solution for outer islands to reduce waste volume while providing over 40%–100% energy supply for daily cooking in local families. This timely study delivers valuable insights into designing context-specific waste-to-energy systems and integrated waste policies tailored to Maldives’ distinct regions. The framework presented can also guide other SIDS facing similar challenges as Maldives in establishing sustainable, ecologically sound waste management strategies.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion Waste incineration Waste management Maldives Small Island Developing States Waste-to-energy