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Sports compression garments improve resting markers of venous return and muscle blood flow in male basketball players

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第4期12卷 513-522页

作者： Shane F.O'Riordan rod mcgregor Shona L.Halson David J.Bishop James R.Broatch Institute for Health and Sport(iHeS) Victoria UniversityFootscrayVIC 3011Australia Department of Physiology Australian Institute of SportBruceACT 2617Australia Faculty of Health University of CanberraBruceACT 2617Australia School of Behavioural and Health Sciences Australian Catholic UniversityBanyoQLD 4014Australia

Background:The benefits associated with sports compression garments are thought to be closely related to enhanced blood ***,findings are equivocal,possibly due to heterogeneity in the techniques used for measuring blood flow,the garment types used,and the pressures *** study combined Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy technologies to provide the first comprehensive assessment of the effects of 3 sports compression garment types on markers of venous return and muscle blood flow at ***:Resting lower-limb blood flow measures(markers of venous return,muscle blood flow,and muscle oxygenation)of 22 elite,junior,male basketball players(age=17.2±0.9 years,mean±SD)were assessed in 4 separate conditions:no compression(CON),compression tights(TIGHTS),compression shorts(SHORTS),and compression socks(SOCKS).Markers of venous return(cross-sectional area,time-averaged mean and peak blood flow velocity,and venous blood flow)were measured via Doppler ultrasound at the popliteal and common femoral *** blood flow and muscle oxygenation were measured in the gastrocnemius medialis and vastus lateralis using near-infrared ***:Popliteal markers of venous return were higher in TIGHTS compared to CON(p<0.01)and SHORTS(p<0.01),with SOCKS values higher compared with CON(p<0.05).Common femoral vein markers of venous return were higher for all conditions compared to CON(p<0.05),with TIGHTS values also higher compared to SOCKS(p<0.05).Gastrocnemius medialis blood flow was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON(p=0.000),SOCKS(p=0.012),and SHORTS(p=0.000),with SOCKS higher compared to SHORTS(p=0.046).Vastus lateralis blood flow was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON(p=0.028)and SOCKS(p=0.019),with SHORTS also higher compared to CON(p=0.012)and SOCKS(p=0.005).Gastrocnemius medialis oxygenation was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON(p=0.003),SOCKS(p=0.033),and SHORTS(p=0.003),with SOCKS higher compared to CON(p=0.044)and SHORTS(p=0.032).Va

关键词： Arterial perfusion Lower-limb compression Pressure Venous flow

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A Comparative Study of the L2 Pragmatic Competence of University Students in Hong Kong and the Chinese Mainland:The Contributions of Sociocultural Context and Linguistic Proficiency

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Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 2024年第3期47卷 371-392,524页

作者： Scott AUBREY rod ELLIS Faculty of Education Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Education Curtin UniversityAustralia

This study investigates the differences in pragmatic competence between Hong Kong and Chinese mainland university *** included 19 native speakers of English,115 Chinese mainland students,divided into those who had spent time abroad in an English-speaking country(CM A)and those who had not(CM NA),and 97 Hong Kong students,divided into those from an English-medium secondary school(Hong Kong EMI)and those from a Chinese-medium school(Hong Kong CMI).Linguistic proficiency was measured by a C-test,and pragmatic competence by a Metapragmatic Knowledge Test,an Irony Test and a Monologic Role *** scores were compared using ANCOVAs to control for differences in *** results point to a continuum of pragmatic competence—EMI>CMI>CM A>CM NA—reflecting the groups’access to English in real-life *** differences between the Hong Kong groups and the Chinese mainland groups were clearest in those tests measuring processing capacity(i.e.,Irony Response Time and the Monologic Role Play).CM A,but not CM NA,performed as well as the Hong Kong groups on measures of metapragmatic *** results are discussed in terms of Bialystok’s(1993)distinction between analyzed representation and control of processing.

关键词： pragmatic competence social context Hong Kong the Chinese mainland metapragmatic knowledge processing capacity

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English in Elementary Schools:Limitations and Possibilities

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外国语 2010年第1期33卷 9-17页

作者： rod Ellis Shanghai International Studies University University of Auckland

Many Asian countries,including China,have revised their policy for English language teaching to include the introduction of English in elementary *** article first reviews research that has investigated the effects of introducing English in the elementary school on language *** common myth that children are better language learners than adolescents or adults is not borne *** many respects,adolescent learners are better learners than *** such as the Barcelona Age Factor Project have failed to demonstrate that starting English at the elementary level results in higher levels of proficiency in the long run,especially when learning is measured using tests of explicit L2 *** the article examines the problems that elementary schools face in introducing English in China and Japan.A lack of properly trained teachers has resulted in a very uneven implementation of governmental *** article concludes by proposing that starting English in the elementary school does afford possibilities for improved English language learning in countries like China and Japan but that this depends on the adoption of an appropriate methodology for teaching young learners (***-based language teaching) and on the availability of teachers trained to teach children.

关键词：英语语言学教学方法教材

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In planta Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Rice

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Rice science 2017年第3期24卷 181-186页

作者： Kumrop RATANASUT Weerawan rod-IN Kawee SUJIPULI Department of Agricultural Science Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment Naresuan University Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand

The floral-dip transformation, the simplest technique, is no requirement of tissue culture procedure, and can directly transfer the interest gene into plant reproductive cells. It has been successfully applied to various plant species. In this study, the optimal conditions of a floral-dip method for production of transgenic rice variety RD41 were explored. The simple and effective inoculation medium was composed of Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium, 5% sucrose, 44 nmol/L benzylaminopurine, and 0.075% surfactant Tween-20 with pH 5.7. The transformation efficiencies of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains AGL1 and EHA105 were compared with the Agrobacterium density at OD_(600) = 0.8–1.0 and the co-cultivation at 25 ℃ for 48 h. A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 gave slightly higher transformation efficiency than AGL1, with statistically non-significant difference. The floral-drop transformation using the optimal floral-dip conditions showed higher transformation efficiency than the floral-dip method, but the dropped flowers turned brown and died within 2 d. Production of transgenic rice variety RD41 by the floral-dip method was achieved using A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 with the optimal conditions. Screening for the gus A gene by PCR using the gus A specific primers in the T_0 lines, there were 4 transgenic lines from 286 T_0 lines(1.4% transformation efficiency). However, histochemical glucuronidase(GUS) assay demonstrated that only three of four transgenic lines exhibited gus A expression. These results indicated that floral-dip transformation is a potential tool for production of the transgenic rice, which can be used for molecular breeding via genetic engineering in the future.

关键词： Agrobacterium-mediated transformation floral-dip floral-drop transformation efficiency in planta rice

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The Dark Side of the Genome： Revealing the Native Transposable Element/Repeat Content of Eukaryotic Genomes

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Molecular Plant 2016年第12期9卷 1664-1666页

作者： Dario Copetti rod A. Wing Arizona Genomics Institute BIO5 Institute and School of Plant Sciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA International Rice Research Institute T.T. Chang Genetic Resources Center Los Baños Laguna 63108 Philippines

Dear Editor,The majority of genome assemblies to date fail to represent the true structure of native genomes. This lack of completeness is largely due to the inability to assemble the variable （often significant） fraction of nuclear genomes that is composed primarily of repeated sequences （with either a structural function such as satellite DNA and simple sequence repeats or ＂selfish DNA＂ such as high-copy transposable elements [TEs]）, herein defined as the ＂dark side of the genome.＂

关键词： Specialized Metabolites Flavonol

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Can a science-based definition of acupuncture improve clinical outcomes？

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2017年第3期15卷 165-171页

作者： Ted Priebe Steven H. Stumpf rod Zalunardo Healthpointe Medical Group La Mirada La Mirada CA 90638 USA Department of Health Administration California State University at Northridge Northridge CA 90638 USA Chief Operations Officer Health Core Possibilities Los Angeles CA 90638 USA

Research on acupuncture has been muddled by attempts to bridge the ancient with the modern. Barriers to effectiveness research are reflected in recurring conflicts that include disagreement on use of the most basic terms, lack of standard intervention controls, and the absence of functional measures for assessing treatment effect. Acupuncture research has stalled at the ＂placebo barrier＇ wherein acupuncture is ＂no better than placebo.＂ The most widely recognized comparative effectiveness research in acupuncture does not compare acupuncture treatment protocols within groups, thereby, mutating large scale effectiveness studies into large scale efficacy trials. Too often research in acupuncture attempts to tie outcomes to traditional belief systems thereby limiting usefulness of the research. The acupuncture research paradigm needs to focus more closely on a scientific definition of treatments and outcomes that compare protocols in terms of prevalent clinical issues such as relative effectiveness for treating pain.

关键词： acupuncture research medicine, traditional Chinese

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The impact of next-generation sequencing on genomics

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2011年第3期38卷 95-109页

作者： Jun Zhang rod Chiodini Ahmed Badr Genfa Zhang COEfor Neurosciences Department of Anesthesiology Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso TX 79905 USA Department of Biomedical Sciences Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso TX 79905 USA Internal Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center E1 Paso TX 79905 USA College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

This article reviews basic concepts, general applications, and the potential impact of next-generation sequencing （NGS） technologies on genomics, with particular reference to currently available and possible future platforms and bioinformatics. NGS technologies have demon- strated the capacity to sequence DNA at unprecedented speed, thereby enabling previously unimaginable scientific achievements and novel biological applications. But, the massive data produced by NGS also presents a significant challenge for data storage, analyses, and management solutions. Advanced bioinformatic tools are essential for the successful application of NGS technology. As evidenced throughout this review, NGS technologies will have a striking impact on genomic research and the entire biological field. With its ability to tackle the unsolved challenges unconquered by previous genomic technologies, NGS is likely to unravel the complexity of the human genome in terms of genetic variations, some of which may be confined to susceptible loci for some common human conditions. The impact of NGS technologies on genomics will be far reaching and likely change the field for years to come.

关键词： Next-generation sequencing Genomics Genetic variation Polymorphism Targeted sequence enrichment Bioinformatics

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Double Fertilization in Arabidopsis thaliana Involves a Polyspermy Block on the Egg but Not the Central Cell

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Molecular Plant 2008年第4期1卷 611-619页

作者： rod J. Scott Susan J. Armstrong James Doughty Melissa Spielman Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY United Kingdom School of Biosciences The University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom

In animal reproduction, thousands of sperm may compete to fertilize a single egg, but polyspermy blocks prevent multiple fertilization that would otherwise lead to death of the embryo. In flowering plants, successful seed development requires that only two sperm are delivered to the embryo sac, where each must fertilize a female gamete （egg or central cell） to produce the embryo and endosperm. Therefore, polyspermy must be avoided, not only to prevent abnormalities in offspring, but to ensure double fertilization. It is not understood how each sperm fertilizes only one female gamete, nor has the existence of polyspermy barriers been directly tested in vivo. Here, we sought evidence for poly- spermy blocks in angiosperms using the polyspermic tetraspore （tes） mutant of Arabidopsis, which allows in-vivo challenge of egg and central cell with multiple male gametes. We show that tes mutant pollen tubes can transmit more than one sperm pair to an embryo sac, and that sperm from more than one pair can participate in fertilization. We detected endosperms but not embryos with ploidies that could only result from multiple fertilization. Our results therefore demonstrate an in-vivo polyspermy block on the egg, but not the central cell of a flowering plant.

关键词： Double Fertilization Arabidopsis thaliana Involves Polyspermy Block Central Cell

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Dynamic Intra-Japonica Subspecies Variation and Resource Application

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Molecular Plant 2012年第1期5卷 218-230页

作者： Haiyan Lin Peng Xia rod A.Wing Qifa Zhang Meizhong Luo National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Arizona Genomics Institute University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

We constructed a physical map of O. sativa ssp. japonica cv. ZH11 and compared it and its random sample sequences with the Nipponbare RefSeq derived from the same subspecies. This comparison showed that the two japonica genomes were highly syntenic but revealed substantial differences in terms of structural variations, rates of substitutions and indels, and transposable element content. For example, contractions/expansions as large as 450 kb and repeat sequences that were present in high copy numbers only in ZH11 were detected. In tri-alignment regions using the indica variety 93-11 sequence as an outgroup, we found that：（1） the substitution rates of the two japonica-indica inter- subspecies comparison combinations were close but almost a magnitude higher than the substitution rate between the japonica rice varieties ZH11 and Nipponbare; （2） of the substitutions found between ZH11 and Nipponbare, 47.2% occurred in ZH11 and 52.6% in Nipponbare; （3） of the indels found between ZH11 and Nipponbare, the indels that occurred in ZH11 were 15.8 times of those in Nipponbare. Of the indels that occurred in ZH11, 75.67% were insertions and 24.33% deletions. Of the indels that occurred in Nipponbare, 48.23% were insertions and 51.77% were deletions. The ZH11 com- parative map covered four Nipponbare physical gaps, detected assembly errors in the Nipponbare sequence, and was integrated with the FSTs of a large ZH11 T-DNA insertion mutant library. ZH11 BAC clones can be browsed, searched, and obtained at our website, http：//***.

关键词： Physical map comparative genomics Japonica Oryza rice BAC.

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The Subtelomere of Oryza sativa Chromosome 3 Short Arm as a Hot Bed of New Gene Origination in Rice

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Molecular Plant 2008年第5期1卷 839-850页

作者： Chuanzhu Fana Yong Zhang Yeisoo Yu Steve Rounsley Manyuan Long rod A. Wing Arizona Genomics Institute Department of Plant Sciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA

Despite general observations of non-random genomic distribution of new genes, it is unclear whether or not new genes preferentially occur in certain genomic regions driven by related molecular mechanisms. Using 1.5 Mb of genomic sequences from short arms of chromosome 3 of Oryza glaberrima and O. punctata, we conducted a comparative genomic analysis with the reference O. sativa ssp. japonica genome. We identified a 60-kb segment located in the middle of the subtelomeric region of chromosome 3, which is unique to the species O. sativa. The region contained gene duplicates that occurred in Asian cultivated rice species that diverged from the ancestor of Asian and African cultivated rice one million years ago （MYA）. For the 12 genes and one complete retrotransposon identified in this segment in O. sativa ssp. japonica, we searched for their parental genes. The high similarity between duplicated paralogs further supports the recent origination of these genes. We found that this segment was recently generated through multiple independent gene recombination and transposon insertion events. Among the 12 genes, we found that five had chimeric gene structures derived from multiple parental genes. Nine out of the 12 new genes seem to be functional, as suggested by Ka/Ks analysis and the presence of cDNA and/or MPSS data. Furthermore, for the eight transcribed genes, at least two genes could be classified as defense or stress response-related genes. Given these findings, and the fact that subtelomeres are associated with high rates of recombination and transcription, it is likely that subtelomeres may facilitate gene recombination and transposon insertions and serve as hot spots for new gene origination in rice genomes.

关键词： comparative genomics gene duplication Oryza sativa subtelomere new genes.

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