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中华神经外科疾病研究杂志 2018年第3期17卷 253-253页

作者： Anderson IA Saukila LF robins jmw Akhunbay-Fudge CY Goodden JR Tyagi AK Phillips N Chumas PD Department of Neurosurgery Leeds General Infirmary

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive benchmark of 30-day ventriculoperitoneal(VP)shunt failure rates for a single institution over a 5-year study period for both adult and pediatric patients,to compare this with the results in previously published literature,and to establish factors associated with shunt *** A retrospective database search was undertaken to identify all VP shunt operations performed in a single,regional neurosurgical unit during a 5-year *** were collected regarding patient age,sex,origin of hydrocephalus,and whether the shunt was a primary or secondary *** notes were used to ascertain the type of valve inserted,which components of the shunt were adjusted/replaced(in revision cases),level of seniority of the most senior surgeon who participated in the operation,and number of surgeons involved in the *** appropriate and where available,postoperative imaging was assessed for grade of shunt placement,using a recognized grading *** and multivariate models were used to establish factors associated with early(30-day)shunt *** Six hundred eighty-three VP shunt operations were performed,of which 321 were pediatric and 362 were *** median duration of postoperative follow-up for nonfailed shunts(excluding deaths)was 1263 days(range 525-2226 days).The pediatric 30-day shunt failure rates in the authors'institution were 8.8%for primary shunts and 23.4%for *** adults,the 30-day shunt failure rates are 17.7%for primary shunts and 25.6%for *** pediatric procedures,the number of surgeons involved in the operating theater was significantly associated with shunt failure *** adults,the origin of hydrocephalus was a statistically significant *** shunts lasted longer than revision shunts,irrespective of patient *** A benchmark of 30-day failures is presented and is consistent with current national databases and previously p

关键词： Factors associated ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure

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Technical challenges in tackling regulatory concerns for urban atmospheric nanoparticles

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Particuology 2011年第6期9卷 566-571页

作者： Prashant Kumar Alan robins Sotiris Vardoulakis Paul Quincey Division of Civil Chemical and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences(FEPS)University of Surrey Environmental Flow(EnFlo)Research Centre FEPSUniversity of Surrey Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental HazardsHealth Protection Agency Analytical Science Division National Physical Laboratory

Recent Euro 5 and Euro 6 vehicle emission standards are the first ever initiative to control particles on a number basis at the source. Related standards are also desirable for ambient nanoparticles （taken in this article to be those below 300 rim） to protect against possible adverse effects on public health and the environment. However, there are a number of technical challenges that need to be tackled before developing a regulatory framework for atmospheric nanoparticles. Some of the challenges derive from a lack of standardisation of the key measurement parameters, including sampling, necessary for robust evaluation of particle number concentrations, especially in the context of insufficient knowledge of the physicochemical characteristics of emerging sources （i.e. bio-fuel derived and manufactured nanoparti- cles）. Ideally, ambient concentrations of primary particles could be linked to primary particle emissions by use of nanoparticle dispersion models, and secondary nanoparticles using photochemical modeling tools. The limitations in these areas are discussed. Although there is inadequate information on the exact biological mechanism through which these particles cause harm, it is argued that this should not in itself delay the introduction of regulation. This article reviews the missing links between the existing knowledge of nanoparticle number concentrations and the advances required to tackle the technical challenges implied in developing regulations.

关键词： Airborne and manufactured nanoparticles Particle number concentrations Size distributions Street canyons Ultrafine particles Vehicle emissions

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The potential function of post-fledging dispersal behavior in first breeding territory selection for males of a migratory bird

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Current Zoology 2022年第6期68卷 708-715页

作者： Robert PATCHETT Patrick STYLES Joanna robins KING Alexander NGKIRSCHEL Will CRESSWELL Centre for Biological Diversity University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsKY169THUK Department of Biological Sciences University of CyprusNicosia1678Cyprus

One possible hypothesis for the function of post-fledging dispersal is to locate a suitable future breeding *** post-fledging period may be particularly important in migratory species because they have a limited period to gather information prior to autumn migration,and in protandrous species,males must quickly acquire a territory after returning from spring migration to maximize their *** we use color-ring resightings to investigate how the post-fledging dispersal movements of the Cyprus wheatear Oenanthe cypriaca,a small migratory passerine,relate to their first breeding territory the following year when they return from *** found that males established first breeding territories that were significantly closer to their post-fledging location than to their natal sites or to post-fledging locations of other conspecifics,but these patterns were not apparent in *** findings suggest that familiarity with potential breeding sites may be important for juveniles of migratory species,particularly for the sex that acquires and advertises breeding *** dispersal prior to a migrant’s first autumn migration may contribute toward its breeding success the following year,further highlighting the importance of early seasonal breeding on fitness and population dynamics more generally.

关键词： dispersal migratory bird juvenile territory selection

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Control of Velocity-Constrained Stepper Motor-Driven Hilare Robot for Waypoint Navigation

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Engineering 2018年第4期4卷 491-499页

作者： robins Mathew Somashekhar S. Hiremath Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India

Finding an optimal trajectory from an initial point to a final point through closely packed obstacles, and controlling a Hilare robot through this trajectory, are challenging tasks. To serve this purpose, path planners and trajectory-tracking controllers are usually included in a control loop. This paper highlights the implementation of a trajectory-tracking controller on a stepper motor-driven Hilare robot, with a trajectory that is described as a set of waypoints. The controller was designed to handle discrete waypoints with directional discontinuity and to consider different constraints on the actuator velocity. The control parameters were tuned with the help of multi-objective particle swarm optimization to minimize the average cross-track error and average linear velocity error of the mobile robot when tracking a predefined trajectory. Experiments were conducted to control the mobile robot from a start position to a destination position along a trajectory described by the waypoints. Experimental results for tracking the trajectory generated by a path planner and the trajectory specified by a user are also demonstrated. Experiments conducted on the mobile robot validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for tracking different types of trajectories.

关键词： Trajectory tracking Adaptive control Waypoint navigation Hilare robot Particle swarm optimization Probabilistic road map

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Conversion of effector CD4^(+)T cells to a CD8^(+)MHC Ⅱ-recognizing lineage

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第1期18卷 150-161页

作者： Elizabeth robins Ming Zheng Qingshan Ni Siqi Liu Chen Liang Baojun Zhang Jian Guo Yuan Zhuang You-Wen He Ping Zhu Ying Wan Qi-Jing Li Department of Immunology Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNC 27710USA Department of Cell Biology National Translational Science Center for Molecular MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina Biomedical Analysis Center Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina Immuno-Oncology Comprehensive Cancer CenterOhio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cells are dichotomous lineages in adaptive *** conventionally viewed as distinct fates that are fixed after thymic development,accumulating evidence indicates that these two populations can exhibit significant lineage plasticity,particularly upon TCR-mediated *** define a novel CD4^(-)CD8αβ^(+)MHC Ⅱ-recognizing population generated by lineage conversion from effector CD4^(+)T ***4-CD8αβ^(+)effector T cells downregulated the expression of T helper cell-associated costimulatory molecules and inaeased the expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated cytotoxic *** shift in functional potential corresponded with a CD8^(+)-lineage skewed transcriptional ***β repertoire sequencing and in vivo genetic lineage tracing in acutely infected wild-type mice demonstrated that CD4^(-)CD8αβ^(+)effector T cells arise from fundamental lineage reprogramming of bona fide effector CD4^(+)T *** autophagy via functional deletion of the initiating kinase Vps34 or the downstream enzyme Atg7 enhanced the generation of this cell *** findings suggest that effector CD4^(+)T cells can exhibit a previously unreported degree of skewing towards the CD8^(+)T cell lineage,which may point towards a novel direction for HIV vaccine design.

关键词： CD4^(+)T cell CD8^(+)T cell ThPOK Runx3 autophagy

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Genotype × environment interaction patterns of dry matter yield in meadow brome, orchardgrass, tall fescue, and timothy evaluated at harsh winter sites

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Grassland Research 2024年第2期3卷 147-154页

作者： Joseph G.robins Bill Biligetu Annie Claessens Nityananda Khanal Sean R.Asselin Michael P.Schellenberg United States Department of Agriculture LoganUtahUSA Department of Plant Sciences University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada QuébecQuébecCanada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada BeaverlodgeAlbertaCanada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Swift CurrentSaskatchewanCanada

Background:Genotype×environment interaction(GEI)slows genetic gains and complicates selection decisions in plant breeding *** breeding program seed sales often encompass large geographic regions to which the cultivars may not be *** understanding of the extent of GEI in perennial,cool-season forage grasses will facilitate improved selection decisions and end-use in areas with harsh ***:We evaluated the dry matter yield of nine meadow brome(Bromus biebersteinii Roemer&***),nine orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerata L.),seven tall fescue(Lolium arundinaceum(Schreb.)Darbysh.),and 10 timothy(Phleum pratense L.)cultivars or breeding populations at seven high latitude and/or elevation locations in Canada and the United States from 2019 to ***:For each of the species,we found significant differences among the genotypes for dry matter yield across environments and found significant levels of *** site regression analysis and GGE biplot visualizations,we then characterized the extent of the interactions in each *** for tall fescue,there was little evidence for the broad adaptation of genotypes across ***:This research adds further evidence to the limitations of perennial,forage breeding programs to develop widely adapted cultivars and the need to maintain regional breeding efforts.

关键词： cool-season forage grass forage yield genotype×environment interaction

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Episodic Learning and Memory in Prodromal Huntington’s Disease: The Role of Multimodal Encoding and Selective Reminding

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2015年第11期6卷 876-886页

作者： Tarja-Brita robins Wahlin Ake Wahlin Gerard JByrne Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden School of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia School of Health and Welfare Jonkoping UniversityJonkopingSweden

This study investigated episodic memory in prodromal HD. Three groups were compared (N = 70): mutation carriers with less than 12.5 years to disease onset (n = 16), mutation carriers with 12.5 or more years to disease onset (n = 16), and noncarriers (n = 38). Episodic memory was assessed using the Fuld Object Memory Evaluation, which included multimodal presentation and selective reminding, and the Claeson-Dahl Learning Test which included verbal repeated presentation and recall trials. Both carrier groups demonstrated deficient episodic memory compared to noncarriers. The results suggest deficient episodic memory in prodromal HD, and that inconsistent retrieval contributes to these deficits. Multimodal presentation attenuates the deficits.

关键词： Prodromal Huntington’s Disease Fuld Object Memory Evaluation Episodic Memory Short-Term Memory Neurodegenerative Diseases

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全球肉鸡生产福利研究现状与展望

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中国家禽 2011年第16期33卷 4-9页

作者： A.robins CJ.C.Phillips 林又米(译) 澳大利亚昆士兰大学不详

本文从全球肉鸡产业的角度对主产国的肉鸡福利问题和相关措施进行了比较与分析。全球肉鸡产业中,美国、澳大利亚等国的肉鸡产业主要由少数几个综合性大型企业垄断,欧洲的肉鸡产业更加多样化,竞争更激烈,而且政府的监管力度更强。与美国... 详细信息

本文从全球肉鸡产业的角度对主产国的肉鸡福利问题和相关措施进行了比较与分析。全球肉鸡产业中,美国、澳大利亚等国的肉鸡产业主要由少数几个综合性大型企业垄断,欧洲的肉鸡产业更加多样化,竞争更激烈,而且政府的监管力度更强。与美国相比,欧洲关于肉鸡福利的研究与规定更多,尤其是英国。两个主要的肉鸡生产大国巴西和中国在福利条例方面努力甚微。一些福利问题是区域性的,如速生型肉鸡从封闭式鸡舍迁至散养环境下遭遇的高温问题。然而,困扰集约化舍养肉鸡的福利问题基本相同,如速生型肉鸡的心脏和腿部问题;高密度饲养空间下鸡难以移动和伸展,易感染接触性皮炎。与其他地区相比,欧洲的肉鸡福利研究更直接针对肉鸡的行为和认知需求,有助于帮助肉鸡产业更好地满足未来消费者对福利的要求。

关键词：肉鸡福利行为法规

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Refractive Outcomes Using the Lenstar Optical Low Coherence Reflectometry Biometer in Phacovitrectomy for Epiretrinal Membranes and Macular Holes

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2017年第3期7卷 216-224页

作者： Mark A. P. Fajgenbaum Julian robins Tom H. Williamson Ophthalmology Department St. Thomas’ Hospital London UK

Objective: To compare refractive outcomes using the Lenstar optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR) biometer in the following cases: phacovitrectomy for epiretinal membranes and macular holes (phacovitrectomy group);sequential cataract surgery after prior vitrectomy (sequential-phaco group);routine cataract surgery (phaco-only group). Methods: This study was a retrospective, consecutive comparative series. Main outcomes were mean prediction error (ME) and mean absolute prediction error (MAE). Secondary out-come was the variance in prediction error. Results: ME was significantly more myopic in the phacovitrectomy group (-0.08 ± 0.77D, mean ± SD, p = 0.04) and the sequentialphaco group (-0.09 ± 0.51D, p = 0.01) compared to the phaco-only group (+0.24 ± 0.53D). MAEs were not statistically different across the 3 groups. The phacovitrectomy group had a wider variance in prediction errors compared to the phaco-only group (p = 0.03). Conclusions: There is a myopic shift of approximately -0.3D in both phacovitrectomy and sequential-phaco cases compared to phaco-only cases when using OLCR-based optical biometry. Phacovitrectomy outcomes are more variable compared to phaco-only eyes.

关键词： Refractive Outcomes Phacovitrectomy Optical Biometry Lenstar OLCR

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Does robotic surgical staging of endometrial cancer compromise outcomes?

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013年第1期3卷 41-46页

作者： Holly Sato Brent DuBeshter Amber robins Cynthia Angel Eugene Toy Sajeena Thomas Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Division of Gynecologic Oncology University of Rochester School of Medicine Rochester USA Women’s Cancer Care of Seattle Northwest Hospital & Medical Center University of Washington Medicine Seattle USA

Objective: To compare intra-operative and post-operative complications as well as recurrence in women withendometrial cancer undergoing surgical stagingwith robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy (RALH)versus total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 416 patients who underwent surgical staging for endometrial adenocarcinoma from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2010. Demographics,intraand post-operative complications, surgical-pathologic data, subsequent treatments, and recurrence were compared in women treated with TAH versus RALH. A Student’st-test, Mann Whitney U analysis, or chi-squared analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: One hundred thirty seven and 279 patients underwent TAH and RALH, respectively. Post-operative complications were lower in the RALH group (16.8% vs 8.2%, p = 0.009) and mean hospital stay for the TAH group versus the RALH group was 3 days versus 1 day (p < 0.001). Demographics and intra-operative complications were similar (p = 0.94). Uterine weight (108 gvs103 g, p = 0.36), pelvic lymph nodes retrieved (9 vs 9, p = 0.18), and presence of lymph-vascular involvement (11.7% vs 10.8%, p = 0.38) were similar between groups, as were aggressive histologic subtypes (p = 0.52) and grade (p = 0.15). Recurrence occurred in 4.4% of the TAH group and 4.3% of the RALH group (p = 0.97) with death from disease occurring in 1.5% of the TAH group and 2.2% of the RALH group (p = 0.64). Conclusions: RALH for endometrial adenocarcinoma is associated with fewer post-operative complications and a shorter hospital stay than TAH. Recurrence and death due to disease are not compromised by this minimally invasive approach.

关键词： Endometrial Cancer Surgical Staging Robotic-Assisted Hysterectomy Outcomes Recurrence

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