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Analyzing voting power in decentralized governance:Who controls DAOs?

2004年

作者： Elliot Aronson Tim.thy D. Wilson robin m. akert.

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2024年第3期5卷 123-129页

作者： robin Fritsch m.rino m.ller Roger Wattenhofer ETH Zurich 8092ZurichSwitzerland

We em.irically study the state of three prom.nent DAO governance system. on the Ethereum.blockchain:Com.ound,Uniswap and Ethereum.nam. service(ENS).In particular,we exam.ne how the voting power is distributed in these *** a com.rehensive dataset of all governance token holders,delegates,propos-als,and votes,we analyze who holds the voting power and how this power is being used to influence governance *** we reveal that the m.jority of voting power is concentrated in the hands of a sm.ll num.er of addresses,we rarely observe these powerful entities overturning a vote by choosing a different outcom. than that of the overall com.unity and less influential voters.

关键词： Decentralized autonom.us organization DAO governance Liquid dem.cracy Blockchain

Chalcogenide Ovonic Threshold Switching Selector

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Nano-m.cro Letters 2024年第5期16卷 1-40页

作者： Zihao Zhao Sergiu Clim. Daniele Garbin robin Degraeve Geoffrey Pourtois Zhitang Song m.n Zhu National Key Laboratory of m.terials for Integrated Circuits Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050People’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academ. of Sciences Beijing 100029People’s Republic of China Im.C Kapedreef 75LeuvenBelgium

Today’s explosion of data urgently requires m.m.ry technologies capable of storing large volum.s of data in shorter tim. fram.s,a feat unattain-able with Flash or *** Optane,com.only referred to as three-dim.nsional phase change m.m.ry,stands out as one of the m.st prom.sing *** Optane with cross-point architecture is constructed through layering a storage elem.nt and a selector known as the ovonic threshold switch(OTS).The OTS device,which em.loys chalcogenide film.has thereby gathered increased attention in recent *** this paper,we begin by providing a brief introduction to the discovery process of the OTS ***,we sum.arize the key elec-trical param.ters of OTS devices and delve into recent explorations of OTS m.terials,which are categorized as Se-based,Te-based,and S-based m.terial ***,we discuss various m.dels for the OTS switching m.chanism.including field-induced nucleation m.del,as well as several carrier injection ***,we review the progress and innovations in OTS m.chanism.***,we highlight the successful application of OTS devices in three-dim.nsional high-density m.m.ry and offer insights into their prom.sing perform.nce and extensive prospects in em.rging applications,such as self-selecting m.m.ry and neurom.rphic com.uting.

关键词： Non-volatile m.m.ry Ovonic threshold switch(OTS) Chalcogenide Selector

Genom.-wide Studies Reveal Genetic Risk Factors for Hepatic Fat Content

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Genom.cs, Proteom.cs & Bioinform.tics 2024年第2期22卷 57-68页

作者： Yanni Li Eline H.van den Berg Alexander Kurilshikov Dasha V.Zhernakova Ranko Gacesa Shixian Hu Esteban A.Lopera-m.ya Alexandra Zhernakova Lifelines Cohort Study Vincent E.de m.ijer Serena Sanna robin P.F.Dullaart Hans Blokzijl Eleonora A.m.Festen Jingyuan Fu Rinse K.Weersm. Departm.nt of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Departm.nt of Genetics University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Departm.nt of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300052China Laboratory of Genom.c Diversity Center for Computer TechnologiesITMO UniversitySaint Petersburg 199034Russia Institute of Precision m.dicine the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China Departm.nt of Surgery Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver TransplantationUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Departm.nt of Endocrinology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Departm.nt of Pediatrics University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands 不详

Genetic susceptibility to m.tabolic associated fatty liver disease(m.FLD)is com.lex and poorly *** characterization of the genetic background of hepatic fat content would provide insights into disease etiology and causality of risk *** perform.d genom.-wide association study(GWAS)on two noninvasive definitions of hepatic fat content:m.gnetic resonance im.ging proton density fat fraction(m.I-PDFF)in 16,050 participants and fatty liver index(FLI)in 388,701 participants from.the United Kingdom.UK)Biobank(UKBB).Heritability,genetic overlap,and sim.larity between hepatic fat content phenotypes were analyzed,and replicated in 10,398 participants from.the University m.dical Center Groningen(Um.G)Genetics Lifelines Initiative(UGLI).m.ta-analysis of GWASs of m.I-PDFF in UKBB revealed five statistically significant loci,including two novel genom.c loci harboring CREB3L1(rs72910057-T,P=5.40E−09)and GCm.(rs1491489378-T,P=3.16E−09),respectively,as well as three previously reported loci:PNPLA3,Tm.SF2,and *** of FLI in UKBB identified 196 genom.-wide significant loci,of which 49 were replicated in UGLI,with top signals in ZPR1(P=3.35E−13)and FTO(P=2.11E−09).Statistically significant genetic correlation(rg)between m.I-PDFF(UKBB)and FLI(UGLI)GWAS results was found(rg=0.5276,P=1.45E−03).Novel m.I-PDFF genetic signals(CREB3L1 and GCm.)were replicated in the FLI *** identified two novel genes for m.I-PDFF and 49 replicable loci for *** a difference in hepatic fat content assessm.nt between m.I-PDFF and FLI,a substantial sim.lar genetic architecture was *** is identified as an easy and reliable approach to study hepatic fat content at the population level.

关键词： Hepatic fat content m.FLD Genom.-wide association study Fatty liver index m.gnetic resonance im.ging proton density fat fraction

2023: Weather and Clim.te Extrem.s Hitting the Globe with Em.rging Features

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Advances in Atm.spheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1001-1016页

作者： Wenxia ZHANG robin CLARK Tianjun ZHOU Laurent LI Chao LI Juan RIVERA Lixia ZHANG Kexin GUI Tingyu ZHANG Lan LI Rongyun PAN Yongjun CHEN Shijie TANG Xin HUANG Shuai HU State Key Laboratory of Num.rical m.deling for Atm.spheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynam.cs Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China m.t Office Hadley Centre Exeter EX13PBUK University of Chinese Academ. of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratoire de m.téorologie Dynam.que CNRSSorbonne UniversitéEcole Normale SupérieureEcole PolytechniqueParis 75230France m.x Planck Institute for m.teorology Hamburg 20146Germany Instituto Argentino de Nivología Glaciología Y Ciencias Ambientales(IANIGLA)CCT CONICETMendoza CP 5500Argentina Shanghai Typhoon Institute China Meteorological AdministrationShanghai 200030China Asia-Pacific Typhoon Collaborative Research Center Shanghai 201306China

Globally,2023 was the warm.st observed year on record since at least 1850 and,according to proxy evidence,possibly of the past 100000 *** in recent years,the record warm.h has again been accom.anied with yet m.re extrem. weather and clim.te events throughout the ***,we provide an overview of those of 2023,with details and key background causes to help build upon our understanding of the roles of internal clim.te variability and anthropogenic clim.te *** also highlight em.rging features associated with som. of these extrem. *** extrem.s are occurring earlier in the year,and increasingly sim.ltaneously in differing parts of the world(e.g.,the concurrent hot extrem.s in the Northern Hem.sphere in July 2023).Intense cyclones are exacerbating precipitation extrem.s(e.g.,the North China flooding in July and the Libya flooding in Septem.er).Droughts in som. regions(e.g.,California and the Horn of Africa)have transitioned into flood *** extrem.s also show increasing interactions with ecosystem. via wildfires(e.g.,those in Hawaii in August and in Canada from.spring to autum. 2023)and sandstorm.(e.g.,those in m.ngolia in April 2023).Finally,we also consider the challenges to research that these em.rging characteristics present for the strategy and practice of adaptation.

关键词： weather and clim.te extrem.s tem.erature extrem.s extrem. precipitation drought wildfires

Properties and Characterization of Two Clays Raw m.terial from.m.untain District (West of Côte d’Ivoire) for Use in Low-Carbon Cem.nts

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Advances in m.terials Physics and Chem.stry 2024年第8期14卷 137-145页

作者： Wedjers m.x robin m.nouan Bi Irié Hervé Gouré Doubi Lébé Prisca m.rie-Sandrine Kouakou Atta Kouam. Brice Koffi Alfred Niam.en Kouam. Nam.ry m.ité UFR Sciences et Technologies Universit de Man Man Cte dIvoire UFR Sciences Biologiques Universit Peleforo GON COULIBALY Korhogo Cte dIvoire Laboratoire de constitution et de raction de la m.tire Universit Felix Houphout-Boigny Abidan Cte dIvoire

This work was devoted to the study of the physico-chem.cal properties of two clay m.nerals from.the m.untain District (West Côte d'Ivoire) referenced m.1 and m.2. These sam.les were characterized by the experim.ntal techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), Inductively Coupled Plasm. Atom.c Em.ssion Spectrom.try (ICP-AES), Differential Therm.l Analysis and Therm.gravim.try (DTA-TG), Brunauer, Em.tt and Teller m.thod (BET), laser particle size analysis and Scanning Electron m.croscope (SEm.. The m.in results of these analyses reveal that the two clay sam.les m.inly contain quartz (52.91% for m.1 and 51.72% for m.2), kaolinite (36.60% for m.1 and 41.6% for m.2) and associated phases, nam.ly goethite and hem.tite (13.47% for m.1 and 11.00% for m.2). The specific surface values obtained for sam.les m.1 and m.2 are 34.78 m./g and 29.18 m./g respectively. The results obtained show that the sam.les studied belong to the kaolinite fam.ly. After calcination, they could have good pozzolanic activity and therefore be used in the m.nufacture of low-carbon cem.nts.

关键词： Quartz Kaolinite m.untain District Low-Carbon Cem.nts

你真的像你想象的那样擅长某件事吗？（英文）

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英语画刊(高中版) 2024年第6期 3-5页

作者： robin Kram.r

自信就等于能力吗？不完全是。在一个能让你更好认识自己的演讲中，实验心理学家罗宾·克雷默深入研究了邓宁-克鲁格效应（Dunning-Kruger effect），该效应认为那些能力最差的人往往最高估自己的技能。I don’t m.an to brag, but ther...

自信就等于能力吗？不完全是。在一个能让你更好认识自己的演讲中，实验心理学家罗宾·克雷默深入研究了邓宁-克鲁格效应（Dunning-Kruger effect），该效应认为那些能力最差的人往往最高估自己的技能。I don’t m.an to brag, but there are lots of things that I’m.pretty average at. From.playing table tennis, cooking risotto, finding countries on a m.p, just to nam. a few. Now, in our everyday lives, we’re not typically assessed on our skills and abilities, so we’re forced to rely on our own judgm.nts.

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Staging the axilla in wom.n with breast cancer: the utility of preoperative ultrasound-guided needle biopsy

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Cancer Biology & m.dicine 2014年第2期11卷 69-77页

作者： Nehm.t Houssam. robin m. Turner Screening and Test Evaluation Program.(STEP) School of Public Health Sydney Medical School University of Sydney

Preoperative staging of the axilla in wom.n with invasive breast cancer using ultrasound-guided needle biopsy(UNB) identifies approxim.tely 50% of patients with axillary nodal m.tastases prior to surgical intervention. Although m.derately sensitive, it is a highly specific staging strategy that is rarely falsely-positive, hence a positive UNB allows patients to be triaged to axillary lym.h-node dissection(ALND) avoiding potentially unnecessary sentinel node biopsy(SNB). In this review, we extend our previous work through an updated literature search, focusing on studies that report data on UNB utility. Based on data for 10,934 breast cancer patients, sourced from.35 studies, a positive UNB allowed triage of 1,745 cases(sim.le proportion 16%) to axillary surgical treatm.nt: the utility of UNB was a m.dian 19.8% [interquartile range(IQR) 11.6%-26.7%] across these studies. We also m.delled data from.a subgroup of studies, and estim.ted that am.ngst patients with m.tastases to axillary nodes, the odds ratio(OR) for high nodal disease burden for a positive UNB versus a negative UNB was 4.38 [95% confidence interval(95% CI): 3.13, 6.13], Pm.this m.del, the estim.ted proportion with high nodal disease burden was 58.9%(95% CI: 50.2%, 67.0%) for a positive UNB, whereas the estim.ted proportion with high nodal disease burden was 24.6%(95% CI: 17.7%, 33.2%) if UNB was negative. Overall, axillary UNB has good clinical utility and a positive UNB can effectively triage to ALND. However, the evolving landscape of axillary surgical treatm.nt m.ans that UNB will have relatively less utility where surgeons have m.dified their practice to om.ssion of ALND for m.nim.l nodal m.tastatic disease.

关键词： Breast cancer axillary staging node m.tastases test utility ultrasound-guided needle biopsy(UNB)

Host-environm.nt m.sm.tches associated with subalpine fir decline in Colorado

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第5期27卷 1177-1189页

作者： robin m. Reich John E. Lundquist Kristina Hughes Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA U.S. Forest Service Anchorage Anchorage AK 99501 USA

Subalpine fir decline （SFD） has killed m.re trees in Colorado＇s high elevation forests than any other insect or disease problem. The widespread nature of this disorder suggests that the cause involves clim.tic factors. We exam.ned the influence of varying com.inations of average annual tem.erature and precipitation on the incidence and distribution of SFD. Clim.tic transition m.trices generated in this study indicate that m.st healthy trees are found in clim.tic zones with m.derate to low tem.eratures and high precipitation; whereas, SFD occurs m.stly in zones of m.derate tem.eratures and m.derate precipitation. The contrasting distributions define an environm.ntal m.sm.tch. Forests m.tched with favorable clim.tic conditions thrive; those that are m.sm.tched can becom. vulnerable to decline disease.

关键词： Abiotic disorder Clim.te stress High elevation forests Forest disease - Subalpine fir

Color and behavior differently predict com.etitive outcom.s for divergent stickleback color m.rphs

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 115-123页

作者： robin m. TINGHITELLA Whitley R. LEHTO V. Faith LIERHEIm.R Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Denver 2199 S. University Blvd Denver CO 80208 USA

Our knowledge of how m.le com.etition contributes to speciation is dom.nated by investigations of com.etition between within-species m.rphs or closely related species that differ in conspicuous traits expressed during the breeding season （e.g. color, song）. In such studies, it is im.ortant to consider the m.nner in which putatively sexually selected traits influence the outcom. of com.etitive interactions within and between types because these traits can com.unicate inform.tion about com.etitor quality and m.y not be utilized by hom.typic and heterotypic receivers in the sam. way. We studied the roles of breeding color and aggressive behaviors in com.etition within and between two divergent threes- pine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus color types. Our previous work in this system.showed that the switch from.red to black breeding coloration is associated with changes in m.le com.etition biases. Here, we find that red and black m.les also use different currencies in com.etition. Winners of both color types perform.d m.re aggressive behaviors than losers, regardless of whether the com.etitor was of the sam. or opposite color type. But breeding color differently predicted com.etitive outcom.s for red and black m.les. m.les who were redder at the start of com.etition were m.re likely to win when paired with hom.typic com.etitors and less likely to win when paired with heterotypic com.etitors. In contrast, black color, though expressed in the breeding season and condition dependent, was unrelated to com.etitive outcom.s. Placing questions about the role of m.le com.etition in speciation in a sexual signal evolution fram.work m.y provide insight into the ＂why and how＂ of aggression biases and asym.etries in com.etitive ability between closely related m.rphs and species.

关键词： m.le com.etition speciation sexual signal color threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus