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Hydrothermal base catalyzed depolymerization and conversion of technical lignin-An introductory review

Carbon Resources Conversion 2019年第1期2卷 59-71页

作者： Malte Otromke robin j.white jorg Sauer Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology(IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Sustainable Catalytic Materials Group Division Hydrogen TechnologiesFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISEHeidenhofstr.279110 FreiburgGermany GmbH Group Process TechnologyFrankfurt am MainGermany

Lignin represents the most significant potential source of sustainable aromatic ***,the vast majority of technical lignin could be sourced from industrial paper production and in particular the Kraft process,where it is conventionally combusted for chemicals recovery and heat generation(*** plant operation).While in recent years several efforts have concerned the conversion of native lignin(*** found in nature)during biomass processing,there has also been significant focus on the“Base Catalyzed”conversion of technical *** process is of significant interest,since it could be potentially integrated into existing Kraft mill *** following review paper focuses on the development of the hydrothermal base catalyzed depolymerization(HBCD)of lignin,as a basis to produce valuable chemical *** will be placed on NaOH catalyzed reactions in the aqueous phase,as this approach is considered the most *** is placed on reaction conditions and characterization of monomeric aromatic compounds from the HBCD ***,as largest product fraction,is also considered,however,these are seldom analyzed in detail in the literature and ideas on further use are *** review also addresses findings in literature concerning the assessment of the solid,liquid,and gas product streams arising from *** this paper,process conditions for HBCD reactions can be derived and it is shown that the solid phase has a high potential for further valorization and downstream processing.

关键词： catalyzed polymerization lignin

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Code modernization and modularization of APEX and SWAT watershed simulation models

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International journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 81-94页

作者： robin A.j.Taylor jaehak jeong Michael white jeffrey G.Arnold Blackland Research&Extension Center Texas A&M AgriLife ResearchTempleTexas 76502USA Grassland Soil&Water Research Laboratory USDA-ARS TempleTexas 76502USA

SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)and APEX(Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender)are respectively large and small watershed simulation models derived from EPIC(Environmental Policy Integrated Climate),a field-scale agroecology simulation *** three models are coded in Fortran and have evolved over several *** are widely used to analyze anthropogenic influences on soil and water quality and *** of the original Fortran code has been retained even though Fortran has been through several cycles of *** now provides functionality originally restricted to languages like C,designed to communicate directly with the operating system and *** can now use an object-oriented style of programming in Fortran,including inheritance,run-time polymorphism and *** order to enhance their utility in research and policy-making,the models are undergoing a major revision to use some of the new Fortran *** these new programming paradigms the developers of SWAT,APEX,and EPIC are working to make communication between the two models *** paper describes the ongoing revision of these models that will make them easier to use,maintain,modify and *** is intended that they will converge as they continue to evolution,while maintaining their distinctive features,capabilities and identities.

关键词： code modernization modularization object-oriented programming Fortran 2008 landscape-scale models APEX EPIC SWAT

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Particle flow simulations with homogenised lattice Boltzmann methods

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Particuology 2017年第5期15卷 1-13页

作者： Mathias j. Krause Fabian Klemens Thomas Henn robin Trunk Hermann Nirschl Institute for Applied and Numerical Mathematics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76021 Karlsruhe Germany Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76021 Karlsruhe Germany

An alternative approach to simulating arbitrarily shaped particles submersed in viscous fluid in two dimensions is proposed, obtained by adapting the velocity parameter of the equilibrium distribution function of a standard lattice Boltzmann method （LBM）. Comparisons of exemplifying simulations to results in the literature validate the approach as well as the convergence analysis. Pressure fluctuations occurring in Ladd＇s approach are greatly reduced. In comparison with the immersed boundary method, this approach does not require cost intensive interpolations. The parallel efficiency of LBM is retained. An intrinsic momentum transfer is observed during particle-particle collisions. To demonstrate the capa- bilities of the approach, sedimentation of particles of several shapes is simulated despite omitting an explicit particle collision model.

关键词： Particulate flow simulationsArbitrarily shaped particlesLattice Boltzmann methodsValidationSedimentation processes

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Profiling elite male 100-m sprint performance:The role of maximum velocity and relative acceleration

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 75-84页

作者： robin Healy Ian C.Kenny Andrew j.Harrison Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences University of LimerickV94 T9PXIreland Department of Sport and Health Sciences Athlone Institute of TechnologyN37 HD68Ireland Health Research Institute University of LimerickLimerickV94 T9PXIreland

Purpose:This study aimed to determine the accuracy of a 4 split time modelling method to generate velocity-time and velocity-distance variables in elite male 100-m sprinters and subsequently to assess the roles of key sprint parameters with respect to 100-m sprint ***,this study aimed to assess the differences between faster and slower sprinters in key sprint variables that have not been assessed in previous ***:Velocity-time and velocity-distance curves were generated using a mono-exponential function from 4 split times for 82 male sprinters during major athletics *** race variables-maximum velocity,the acceleration time constant(τ),and percentage of velocity lost(vLoss)-were derived for each *** were divided into tertiles,based on 100-m time,with the first and third tertiles considered to be the faster and slower groups,respectively,to facilitate further ***:Modelled split times and velocities displayed excellent accuracy and close agreement with raw measures(range of mean bias was-0.2%to 0.2%,and range of intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs)was 0.935 to 0.999)except for 10-m time(mean bias was 1.6%±1.3%,and the ICC was 0.600).The 100-m sprint performance time and all 20-m split times had a significant near-perfect negative correlation with maximum velocity(r≥-0.90)except for the 0 to 20-m split time,where a significantly large negative correlation was found(r=-0.57).The faster group had a significantly higher maximum velocity andτ(p<0.001),and no significant difference was found for vLoss(p=0.085).Conclusion:Coaches and researchers are encouraged to utilize the 4 split time method proposed in the current study to assess several key race variables that describe a sprinter’s performance capacities,which can be subsequently used to further inform training.

关键词： Deceleration Modelling Race phases Reaction time Split times

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Evaluating the Ryman-Laikre effect for marine stock enhancement and aquaculture

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Current Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 617-627页

作者： robin S. WAPLES Kjetil HINDAR Sten KARLSSON jeffrey j. HARD National Marine Fisheries Service Northwest Fisheries Science Center 2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle WA 98112 USA Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Trondheim 7485 Norway

The Ryman-Laikre （R-L） effect is an increase in inbreeding and a reduction in total effective population size （NET） in a combined captive-wild system, which arises when a few captive parents produce large numbers of offspring. To facilitate evaluation of the R-L effect for scenarios that are relevant to marine stock enhancement and aquaculture, we extended the original R-L formula to explicitly account for several key factors that determine NeT, including the numbers of captive and wild adults, the ratio of captive to wild Ne/N （β）, productivity of captive and wild breeders, and removal of individuals from the wild for captive breeding. We show how to provide quantitative answers to questions such as： What scenarios lead to no loss of effective size？ What is the maximum effective size that can be achieved？ and What scenarios insure that NeTWill be no smaller than a specified value？ Important results include the following：（1） For large marine populations, the value of β becomes increasingly important as the captive contribution increases. Captive propagation will sharply reduce NeT unless the captive contribution is very small or β is very large （～10^3 or higher）. （2） Very large values of β are only possible if wild Ne/N is tiny. Therefore, large wild populations undergoing captive enhancement at even modest levels will suffer major reductions in effective size unless wild Ne is a tiny fraction of the census size （about 10 4 or lower）.

关键词： captive breeding effective population size inbreeding genetic drift.

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Continuous flow synthesis of plasmonic gold patches and nearly-complete nanoshells on polystyrene core particles

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Particuology 2023年第4期75卷 137-150页

作者： Thomas Meincke robin N.Klupp Taylor Institute of Particle Technology Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergCauerstrasse 491058ErlangenGermany Collaborative Research Center 1411-Design of Particulate Products Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstrasse 391058 Erlangen Germany

We describe the development of a T-mixer based continuous flow process for the coating of 86-500 nm diameter spherical polystyrene particles with thin gold patches by heterogeneous nucleation and *** establishing a suitable flow rate for good mixing and sufficiently uniform product morphology we systematically investigate the main reaction *** reveals a considerable tunability of the patch morphology and,by virtue of the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold,the optical properties of the product *** order to further widen the range of nanostructures accessible by our process,a second T-mixer was *** introduced new gold precursor,leading to further growth of the patches that were formed after the first *** this approach,nearly-complete gold nanoshells could be produced in high yield on both small and large core particles,without the unwanted production of free-standing gold *** to the pronounced optical properties of nearly-complete gold nanoshells on small core particles,we could estimate from electrodynamic sim-ulations the equivalent shell thickness to be as low as 8.6 *** is significantly thinner than can be routinely achieved using the standard seeded growth approach to synthesise gold *** results are therefore highly promising for the gram-scale synthesis of plasmon resonant nanostructures with designed optical properties.

关键词： Continuous flow Core-shell particles Patchy particles Nucleation Diffusion limited growth

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Pazopanib in advanced soft tissue sarcomas

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2019年第1期4卷 538-547页

作者： Alex T.j.Lee robin L.jones Paul H.Huang Division of Molecular Pathology The Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK Sarcoma Unit The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Division of Clinical Studies Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK

Pazopanib is the first and only tyrosine kinase inhibitor currently approved for the treatment of multiple histological subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma(STS).Initially developed as a small molecule inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors,preclinical work indicates that pazopanib exerts an anticancer effect through the inhibition of both angiogenic and oncogenic signaling *** the establishment of optimal dosing and safety profiles in early phase studies and approval for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma,pazopanib was investigated in STS.A landmark phase III randomized study demonstrated improved progression-free survival with pazopanib compared to that with placebo in pretreated patients with STS of various *** efficacy of pazopanib in specific STS subtypes has been further described in real-world-based case series in both mixed and subtype-specific STS *** present,there are no clinically validated predictive biomarkers for use in selecting patients with advanced STS for pazopanib therapy,limiting the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the *** this review,we summarize the preclinical and clinical data for pazopanib,outline the evidence base for its effect in STS and explore reported studies that have investigated putative biomarkers.

关键词： sarcoma clinical approval

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Gym-ANM: Reinforcement learning environments for active network management tasks in electricity distribution systems

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Energy and AI 2021年第3期5卷 171-193页

作者： robin Henry Damien Ernst School of Engineering Sanderson BuildingThe University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93FBUK Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Montefiore InstituteUniversity of LiegeLiege B-4000Belgium

Active network management(ANM)of electricity distribution networks include many complex stochastic sequential optimization *** problems need to be solved for integrating renewable energies and distributed storage into future electrical *** this work,we introduce Gym-ANM,a framework for designing reinforcement learning(RL)environments that model ANM tasks in electricity distribution *** environments provide new playgrounds for RL research in the management of electricity networks that do not require an extensive knowledge of the underlying dynamics of such *** with this work,we are releasing an implementation of an introductory toy-environment,ANM6-Easy,designed to emphasize common challenges in *** also show that state-of-the-art RL algorithms can already achieve good performance on ANM6-Easy when compared against a model predictive control(MPC)***,we provide guidelines to create new Gym-ANM environments differing in terms of(a)the distribution network topology and param-eters,(b)the observation space,(c)the modeling of the stochastic processes present in the system,and(d)a set of hyperparameters influencing the reward ***-ANM can be downloaded at https://***/robinhenr y/gym-anm.

关键词： Gym-ANM Reinforcement learning Active network management Distribution networks Renewable energy

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New Temperature Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Lines with Better Outcrossing Ability for Production of Two-Line Hybrid Rice

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Rice science 2015年第1期22卷 49-52页

作者： S.j.ARASAKESARY S.MANONMANI R.PUSHPAM S.robin Regional Agricultural Research and Development Center Iranamadu Junction Paddy Breeding Station Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

An investigation was carried out with three newly developed temperature sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） lines for their floral traits, seed production potential and outcrossing ability in ten cross combinations. In the TGMS lines, fertile pollens had an average diameter of 0.89 mm while the sterile pollens was with 0.02 mm ***-29-150GY produced the biggest fertile pollens with 0.92 mm and other two lines produced relatively smaller pollens with 0.91 and 0.85 ram. Pollen fertility during the fertility reversion period was an average of 60.7%. TS-29-150GY had the maximum of 66.9% spikelet fertility whereas other two lines （TNAU18S and TNAU60S） had relatively lower spikelet fertility of 27.8% and 26.7%, respectively. Average of 17.00 g of seed yield was obtained in the TGMS lines during the fertility reversion period. TS-29- 150GY had the highest value of 21.20 g of seed yield while TNAU18S and TNAU60S produced 16.6 g and 13.2 g of seed yield, respectively. The low seed production ability of these three TGMS lines was attributed only to the environmental conditions prevailing during the period. All three TGMS lines had considerable outcrossing potential of 41.2%, 24.6% and 25.0%, respectively. The cross combinations viz. TNAU18S/IET21508 （36 g/plant）, TNAU18S/IET21044 （13 g/plant）, TNAU18S/IET21009 （26.5 g/plant）, TNAU60S/CB-09-106 （26.2 g/plant）, TNAU60S/IET21009 （14 g/plant） and TS29-150-GY/DRR 3306 （39.2 g/plant） showed perfect synchronization with acceptable hybrid seed yield, indicating suitability of TGMS system under Indian condition. Based on the outcrossing related traits viz. panicle exertion, angle of glume opening, stigma length and pollen size, TNAU18S was identified as the best, followed by TS-29-150GY.

关键词： temperature sensitive genic male sterile line outcrossing floral trait hybrid rice

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Clean Power Technology

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Engineering 2020年第12期6卷 1349-1350页

作者： robin j.Batterham University of Melbourne Australia

It is timely that Engineering should devote a special issue to the topic of clean *** authors of the research articles and the views and comments cover much of what is a very diverse and controversial *** to this topic cover a spectrum ranging from those that argue for emergency action to prevent the extinction of the human race to those that deny the existence of climate *** dismissing any group,it is informative for engineers and technologists to note that there is a fairly even distribution across this spectrum[1]as shown in Fig.1.

关键词： field. spectrum extinction

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