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Pathophysiology of cerebral oedema in acute liver failure

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第48期19卷 9240-9255页

作者： Teresa R Scott Victoria T Kronsten robin d hughes debbie L Shawcross Institute of Liver Studies King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s College Hospital King’s College Hospital London SE5 9RS United Kingdom

Cerebral oedema is a devastating consequence of acute liver failure(ALF)and may be associated with the development of intracranial hypertension and *** ALF,some patients may develop cerebral oedema and increased intracranial pressure but progression to lifethreatening intracranial hypertension is less frequent than previously described,complicating less than one third of cases who have proceeded to coma since the advent of improved clinical *** rapid onset of encephalopathy may be dramatic with the development of asterixis,delirium,seizures and *** and vasogenic oedema mechanisms have been implicated with a preponderance of experimental data favouring a cytotoxic *** swelling is the most consistent neuropathological finding in humans with ALF and ammonia plays a definitive role in the development of cytotoxic brain *** mechanism(s)by which ammonia induces astrocyte swelling remains unclear but glutamine accumulation within astrocytes has led to the osmolyte *** evidence also supports an alternate‘Trojan horse’hypothesis,with glutamine as a carrier of ammonia into mitochondria,where its accumulation results in oxidative stress,energy failure and ultimately astrocyte *** a complete breakdown of the blood-brain barrier is not evident in human ALF,increased permeation to water and other small molecules such as ammonia has been demonstrated resulting from subtle alterations in the protein composition of paracellular tight *** present,there is no fully efficacious therapy for cerebral oedema other than liver transplantation and this reflects our incomplete knowledge of the precise mechanisms underlying this process which remain largely unknown.

关键词： Cerebral oedema Acute liver failure Ammonia Hepatic encephalopathy Intracranial pressure Intracranial hypertension Cerebral blood flow

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Changing face of hepatic encephalopathy:Role of inflammation and oxidative stress

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第27期16卷 3347-3357页

作者： Amit S Seyan robin d hughes debbie L Shawcross Institute of Liver Studies King's College London School of Medicine at King's College HospitalKing's College Hospital

The face of hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is *** review explores how this neurocognitive disorder,which is associated with both acute and chronic liver injury,has grown to become a dynamic syndrome that spans a spectrum of neuropsychological impairment,from normal performance to *** central role of ammonia in the pathogenesis of HE remains ***,over the past 10 years,the HE community has begun to characterise the key roles of inflammation,infection,and oxidative/nitrosative stress in modulating the pathophysiological effects of ammonia on the *** review explores the current thoughts and evidence base in this area and discusses the potential role of existing and novel therapies that might abrogate the oxidative and nitrosative stresses inflicted on the brain in patients with,or at risk of developing,HE.

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy Ammonia Inflammation Oxidative stress Astrocyte

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Host-environment mismatches associated with subalpine fir decline in Colorado

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第5期27卷 1177-1189页

作者： robin M. Reich John E. Lundquist Kristina hughes Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA U.S. Forest Service Anchorage Anchorage AK 99501 USA

Subalpine fir decline （SFd） has killed more trees in Colorado＇s high elevation forests than any other insect or disease problem. The widespread nature of this disorder suggests that the cause involves climatic factors. We examined the influence of varying combinations of average annual temperature and precipitation on the incidence and distribution of SFd. Climatic transition matrices generated in this study indicate that most healthy trees are found in climatic zones with moderate to low temperatures and high precipitation; whereas, SFd occurs mostly in zones of moderate temperatures and moderate precipitation. The contrasting distributions define an environmental mismatch. Forests matched with favorable climatic conditions thrive; those that are mismatched can become vulnerable to decline disease.

关键词： Abiotic disorder Climate stress High elevation forests Forest disease - Subalpine fir

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β-cryptoxanthin and fatty liver disease:new insights

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第3期12卷 450-452页

作者： robin d.Clugston department of Physiology University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada The Group on Molecular and Cellular Biology of Lipids University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada

β-cryptoxanthin is a nutritionally important xanthophyll found in orange-fleshed tropical and citrus fruits,including papaya,oranges,and tangerines(1).It is also one of the most commonly detected carotenoids in human tissues(1).Uniquely,β-cryptoxanthin is the only regularly consumed dietary xanthophyll to have an intactβ-ionone ring,thus in addition to functioning as an antioxidant it can also be metabolized to vitamin A.A limited number of past studies have shown a beneficial effect ofβ-cryptoxanthin supplementation in animal models of hepatic steatosis(2).As discussed below,the recent publication by Liu et *** the group led by ***-dong Wang has provided new insight into the benefits ofβ-cryptoxanthin supplementation in the context of fatty liver disease(3).

关键词： Liver non-alcoholic fatty liver disease β-cryptoxanthin

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Multiplication factor for open ground storey buildings–a reliability based evaluation

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2016年第2期15卷 283-295页

作者： Haran Pragalath d.C Avadhoot Bhosale robin davis P Pradip Sarkar department of Civil Engineering NIT Rourkela

Open Ground Storey（OGS） framed buildings where the ground storey is kept open without infill walls, mainly to facilitate parking, is increasing commonly in urban areas. However, vulnerability of this type of buildings has been exposed in past earthquakes. OGS buildings are conventionally designed by a bare frame analysis that ignores the stiffness of the infill walls present in the upper storeys, but doing so underestimates the inter-storey drift（ISd） and thereby the force demand in the ground storey columns. Therefore, a multiplication factor（MF） is introduced in various international codes to estimate the design forces（bending moments and shear forces） in the ground storey columns. This study focuses on the seismic performance of typical OGS buildings designed by means of MFs. The probabilistic seismic demand models, fragility curves, reliability and cost indices for various frame models including bare frames and fully infilled frames are developed. It is found that the MF scheme suggested by the Israel code is better than other international codes in terms of reliability and cost.

关键词： frames probabilistic vulnerability facilitate details Probability codes multiplication drift columns

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Preface: An International Look at Ionic Liquids

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1475-1477页

作者： robin d. Rogers SuoJiang Zhang JianJi Wang Queens Univ Belfast QUILLBelfast BT7 1NNAntrimNorth Ireland Univ Alabama TuscaloosaAL 35487 USA Chinese Acad Sci Inst Proc EngnBeijing 100864Peoples R China Henan Normal Univ Key Lab Green Chem&TechnolXinxiangPeoples R China

Welcome to the Science China Chemistry special issue ＂Ionic Liquids and Green Chemistry＂. We have assembled 28 papers （13 from China and 15 from outside China） in the field to highlight the continued growth of this exciting area. We gratefully acknowledge the support from Science China Press and thank Prof. Xingmei Lu, dr. Qian Wang, dr. Guanqun Song, the authors, and the referees for their great contributions to this special issue.

关键词：离子液体科学出版社国际绿色化学持续增长中国博士

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Small bowel obstruction caused by a bezoar following an adult simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第18期8卷 4109-4113页

作者： Gilbert Pan robin d Kim Jeffrey Campsen George Rofaiel department of Surgery Division of Transplantation and Advanced Hepatobiliary SurgeryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt LakeUT 84132United States

BACKGROUNd Small bowel obstructions(SBOs)are common following a large intra-abdominal operation;however,SBOs caused by bezoars are unreported in patients following liver-kidney transplantation procedures,particularly in *** SUMMARY A 65-year-old Caucasian female presented with nausea and nonbilious emesis during her postoperative course following a simultaneous liver-kidney *** developed worsening nausea and vomiting with significant abdominal distension and *** tomography imaging showed a marked abnormal dilation of multiple small bowel loops with a distinct transition point that was suggestive of a small bowel *** exploratory laparotomy revealed a foreign body in the intestinal track approximately 30 cm from the ileocecal *** foreign body was extracted and identified as a bezoar with hair follicles and old digestive *** the operation,the patient demonstrated rapid clinical improvement with resolution of nausea,emesis,and progress in bowel *** SBOs caused by bezoars can occur immediately following a liver-kidney transplantation and should not be discounted as a diagnosis.

关键词： Case report Liver transplantation Liver-kidney transplantation Small bowel obstruction Post-transplant complications Transplantation

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Mechanistic study of substrate-based galvanic replacement reactions

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Nano Research 2014年第3期7卷 365-379页

作者： Kyle d. Gilroy Aarthi Sundar Pouyan Farzinpour Robert A. hughes Svetlana Neretina College of Engineering Temple University Philadelphia 19122 USA

The sacrificial templates used in galvanic replacement reactions dictate the properties of the hollow metal nanostructures formed. Here, we demonstrate that substrate-based Au-Ag nanoshells with radically altered properties are obtained by merely coating silver templates with an ultrathin layer of gold prior to their insertion into the reaction vessel. The so-formed nanoshells exhibit much smoother surfaces, a higher degree of crystallinity and are far more robust. dealloying the nanoshells results in the first demonstration of substrate-based nanocages. Such cages exhibit a well-defined pattern of geometric openings in directions corresponding to the {111}-facets of the starting template material. The ability to engineer the cage geometry through adjustments to the orientational relationship between the crystal structure of the starting template and that of underlying substrate is demonstrated. Together these discoveries provide the framework to advance our understanding of the mechanisms governing substrate- based galvanic replacement reactions.

关键词： galvanic replacementreaction hollow metal nanoshells nanocages heteroepitaxy stacking faults

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Calibration of a hysteretic model for glass fiber reinforced gypsum wall panels

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第2期13卷 347-355页

作者： Maganti Janardhana robin davis P S.S.Ravichandran A.M.Prasad d.Menon JNTUH College of Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela India Leslie E.Robertson Associates Consulting Engineers (India) Pvt.Ltd Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Glass fi ber reinforced gypsum(GFRG) wall panels are prefabricated panels with hollow cores, originally developed in Australia and subsequently adopted by India and China for use in buildings. This paper discusses identifi cation and calibration of a suitable hysteretic model for GFRG wall panels fi lled with reinforced concrete. As considerable pinching was observed in the experimental results, a suitable hysteretic model with pinched hysteretic rule is used to conduct a series of quasi-static as inelastic hysteretic response analyses of GFRG panels with two different widths. The calibration of the pinching model parameters was carried out to approximately match the simulated and experimental responses up to 80% of the peak load in the post peak region. Interestingly, the same values of various parameters(energy dissipation and pinching related parameters) were obtained for all fi ve test specimens.

关键词： glass fi ber reinforced gypsum walls hysteretic model pinching model

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An Ontology Based Cyclone Tracks Classification Using SWRL Reasoning and SVM

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第3期44卷 2323-2336页

作者： N.Vanitha C.R.Rene robin d.doreen Hephzibah Miriam Sri Sai Ram Engineering College Chennai600044TamilnaduIndia director of Computational Intelligence Research Foundation Chennai600023TamilnaduIndia

Tropical cyclones(TC)are often associated with severe weather conditions which cause great losses to lives and *** precise classification of cyclone tracks is significantly important in thefield of weather *** this paper we propose a novel hybrid model that integrates ontology and Support Vector Machine(SVM)to classify the tropical cyclone tracks into four types of classes namely straight,quasi-straight,curving and sinuous based on the track *** Cyclone TRacks Ontology(TCTRO)described in this paper is a knowledge base which comprises of classes,objects and data properties that represent the interaction among the TC characteristics.A set of SWRL(Semantic Web Rule Language)rules are directly inserted to the TCTRO ontology for reasoning and inferring new knowledge from ***,we propose a learning algorithm which utilizes the inferred knowledge for optimizing the feature *** to experiments on the IBTrACS dataset,the proposed ontology based SVM classifier achieves an accuracy of 98.3%with reduced classification error rates.

关键词： Tropical cyclones classification support vector machine ontology SWRL reasoning SVM classification

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