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Pathophysiology of cerebral oedema in acute liver failure

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第48期19卷 9240-9255页

作者： Teresa R Scott Victoria T Kronsten robin D Hughes Debbie L Shawcross Institute of Liver Studies King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s College Hospital King’s College Hospital London SE5 9RS United Kingdom

Cerebral oedema is a devastating consequence of acute liver failure(ALF)and may be associated with the development of intracranial hypertension and *** ALF,some patients may develop cerebral oedema and increased intracranial pressure but progression to lifethreatening intracranial hypertension is less frequent than previously described,complicating less than one third of cases who have proceeded to coma since the advent of improved clinical *** rapid onset of encephalopathy may be dramatic with the development of asterixis,delirium,seizures and *** and vasogenic oedema mechanisms have been implicated with a preponderance of experimental data favouring a cytotoxic *** swelling is the most consistent neuropathological finding in humans with ALF and ammonia plays a definitive role in the development of cytotoxic brain *** mechanism(s)by which ammonia induces astrocyte swelling remains unclear but glutamine accumulation within astrocytes has led to the osmolyte *** evidence also supports an alternate‘Trojan horse’hypothesis,with glutamine as a carrier of ammonia into mitochondria,where its accumulation results in oxidative stress,energy failure and ultimately astrocyte *** a complete breakdown of the blood-brain barrier is not evident in human ALF,increased permeation to water and other small molecules such as ammonia has been demonstrated resulting from subtle alterations in the protein composition of paracellular tight *** present,there is no fully efficacious therapy for cerebral oedema other than liver transplantation and this reflects our incomplete knowledge of the precise mechanisms underlying this process which remain largely unknown.

关键词： Cerebral oedema Acute liver failure Ammonia Hepatic encephalopathy Intracranial pressure Intracranial hypertension Cerebral blood flow

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Enhancement of properties of recycled coarse aggregate concrete using bacteria

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2016年第1期7卷 22-38页

作者： Kirti Kanta Sahoo Manoranjan Arakha Pradip Sarkar robin Davis P Suman Jha Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology RourkelaRourkelaIndia Department of Life Science National Institute of Technology RourkelaRourkelaIndia

Due to rapid construction,necessity for raw materials of concrete,especially coarse aggregate,tends to increase the danger of early exhaustion of the natural *** alternative source of raw materials would perhaps delay the advent of this early *** coarse aggregate(RCA)plays a great role as an alternative raw material that can replace the natural coarse aggregate(NCA)for *** studies show that the properties of RCA concrete are inferior in quality compared to NCA *** article attempts to study the improvement of properties of RCA concrete with the addition of bacteria named as Bacillus *** experimental inves-tigation was carried out to evaluate the improvement of the compres-sive strength,capillary water absorption,and drying shrinkage of RCA concrete incorporating *** compressive strength of RCA concrete is found to be increased by about 20%when the cell con-centration of *** is 10^(6) cells/*** capillary water absorptionas well as drying shrinkage of RCA are reduced when bacteria is *** improvement of RCA concrete is confirmed to be due to the calcium carbonate precipitation as observed from the microstructure studies carried out on it such as EDX,SEM,and XRD.

关键词： Bacteria compressive strength capillary action dry shrinkage

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Diversity and interaction of common bacterial blight disease-causing bacteria(Xanthomonas spp.) with Phaseolus vulgaris L.

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The Crop Journal 2019年第1期7卷 1-7页

作者： Joab K.Tugume Geoffrey Tusiime Allan Male Sekamate robin Buruchara Clare Mugisha Mukankusi Makerere University Department of Agricultural Production International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)/Pan African Bean Research Alliance (PABRA)

Common bacterial blight(CBB) is associated with common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.), an important grain legume for human consumption worldwide. The disease, caused by Xanthomonas spp. is spread mainly through seed. This paper focuses on the diversity of *** pv. phaseoli and X. fuscans subsp. fuscans and interactions between related bacteria and the bean host. Review has suggested that the diversity and taxonomic studies of these pathogens are not exhaustive, especially in areas where detailed molecular analysis has not been conducted and previous characterizations were based on phenotypic features and PCR-based techniques. Also, no study has confirmed differential pathogenicity on bean genotypes based on compatible versus incompatible reactions. However, isolates react differently to wild and domesticated bean sources of resistance in common bean genetic backgrounds. A systematic approach will be required to investigate global changes in gene expression among different sources of resistance in a common bean *** bacterial isolates that cause CBB should be functionally characterized using genotypes containing major quantitative trait loci(QTL) for CBB resistance. These studies will increase understanding of resistance and how it is manipulated by pathogens.

关键词： Xanthomonas axonopodis Interaction Gene expression Diversity

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New Temperature Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Lines with Better Outcrossing Ability for Production of Two-Line Hybrid Rice

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Rice science 2015年第1期22卷 49-52页

作者： S.J.ARASAKESARY S.MANONMANI R.PUSHPAM S.robin Regional Agricultural Research and Development Center Iranamadu Junction Paddy Breeding Station Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

An investigation was carried out with three newly developed temperature sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） lines for their floral traits, seed production potential and outcrossing ability in ten cross combinations. In the TGMS lines, fertile pollens had an average diameter of 0.89 mm while the sterile pollens was with 0.02 mm ***-29-150GY produced the biggest fertile pollens with 0.92 mm and other two lines produced relatively smaller pollens with 0.91 and 0.85 ram. Pollen fertility during the fertility reversion period was an average of 60.7%. TS-29-150GY had the maximum of 66.9% spikelet fertility whereas other two lines （TNAU18S and TNAU60S） had relatively lower spikelet fertility of 27.8% and 26.7%, respectively. Average of 17.00 g of seed yield was obtained in the TGMS lines during the fertility reversion period. TS-29- 150GY had the highest value of 21.20 g of seed yield while TNAU18S and TNAU60S produced 16.6 g and 13.2 g of seed yield, respectively. The low seed production ability of these three TGMS lines was attributed only to the environmental conditions prevailing during the period. All three TGMS lines had considerable outcrossing potential of 41.2%, 24.6% and 25.0%, respectively. The cross combinations viz. TNAU18S/IET21508 （36 g/plant）, TNAU18S/IET21044 （13 g/plant）, TNAU18S/IET21009 （26.5 g/plant）, TNAU60S/CB-09-106 （26.2 g/plant）, TNAU60S/IET21009 （14 g/plant） and TS29-150-GY/DRR 3306 （39.2 g/plant） showed perfect synchronization with acceptable hybrid seed yield, indicating suitability of TGMS system under Indian condition. Based on the outcrossing related traits viz. panicle exertion, angle of glume opening, stigma length and pollen size, TNAU18S was identified as the best, followed by TS-29-150GY.

关键词： temperature sensitive genic male sterile line outcrossing floral trait hybrid rice

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Early life exposure to per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs):A critical review

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Emerging Contaminants 2017年第2期3卷 55-68页

作者： Kerstin Winkens robin Vestergren Urs Berger Ian TCousins Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry(ACES) Stockholm UniversitySE-10691 StockholmSweden Swedish Environmental Research Institute IVL SE-10031 StockholmSweden Department Analytical Chemistry Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research(UFZ)DE-04318 LeipzigGermany

Due to the dynamic developmental processes during pregnancy,infancy,childhood and adolescence,exposure to PFASs is hypothesized to have the most pronounced negative effects during this *** this review we critically evaluate the current state of the science regarding human early life exposure processes(until 18 years of age)to per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs).Efficient placental transfer of perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs)results in relatively high prenatal exposure compared with many neutral organic *** few biomonitoring studies that specifically target infants,toddlers and other children suggest relatively high serum concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS)and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)in early life with peak concentrations occurring sometime before the child reaches 20 *** peak in serum concentrations is most likely explained by exposure via breastfeeding,ingestion of house dust and/or specific contact events with consumer products leading to high body weight normalized estimated daily intakes(EDIs).Although children have higher EDIs of PFASs than adults,these are not always reflected by higher serum levels of PFASs in children in cross-sectional biomonitoring studies due to the confounding effect of age and birth cohort,and different exposure histories due to production *** exposure studies measuring internal and external exposure(for multiple pathways and PFASs)at several time points during early life are strongly encouraged to understand temporal changes in exposure of individual children.A better quantitative understanding of early life exposure processes would help to improve the validity of epidemiological studies and allow informed decisions regarding setting of regulatory thresholds and appropriate mitigation actions.

关键词： life exposure likely

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Immature and mature antibodies as defenders against cancer

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第1期20卷 3-5页

作者： robin V.Lacombe Sophie Sibéril Jordan D.Dimitrov Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERMCNRSSorbonne UniversitéUniversitéParis CitéParisFrance

Antibodies(Abs)are glycoprotein molecules that represent an essential component of the adaptative immune *** are secreted in body fluids and act as a critical part of immune *** recognition of self-antigens by Abs is normally selected against during B-cell development,autoreactive Abs can be generated as a result of pathological immune responses,as observed in autoimmune *** can also be produced in cancer patients,where they may have beneficial roles[1].Indeed,the presence of intratumoral antibody-secreting cells(ASCs)and B-cell-rich tertiary lymphoid structures(TLSs)has been observed in many cancer types and generally correlates with a favorable clinical prognosis[2,3,4,5,6].The existence of specific antitumor antibody responses suggests that tumor cells express molecules that are recognized as nonself antigens by the immune system or that tolerance of self-antigens expressed on cancer cells is lost[1,4].The study of the origin of tumor-reactive Abs and their specificity and functions is of paramount importance for understanding the development of adaptive antitumor immune responses and for revealing novel therapeutic avenues.A recent publication in Cell by Mazor et al.[7]has provided an important advance in our understanding of antibody responses in *** particular,this work paves the way for the distinction between antibody-reactive tumors and antibody-nonreactive tumors,which is reminiscent of the dichotomy of the noninfiltrated“cold”tumor microenvironment(TME)in contrast with the highly infiltrated with immune cells“hot”TME[8].Moreover,an important finding of the study was the demonstration that tumor-directed autoreactivity may be either preexisting or induced by somatic hypermutations,a mechanism related to the chronicity of cancer.

关键词： cancer antibodies specificity

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Can the 5-colour nutrition label“Nutri-Score”improve the health value of food?

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Journal of Future Foods 2023年第4期3卷 306-311页

作者： robin C.Hau Klaus W.Lange Schmalkalden University of Applied Sciences Schmalkalden 98564Germany Faculty of Human Sciences University of RegensburgRegensburg 93040Germany

Obesity and other nutrition-related non-communicable diseases were virtually non-existent before the advent of industrialized food *** recent years,a 5-color front-of-package food label(“Nutri-Score”)seeking to demonstrate the overall nutritional value and healthiness of food products has been adopted for voluntary use in some European *** Nutri-Score is mainly based on the sugar,salt and calorie content of food *** present viewpoint discusses whether the Nutri-Score correctly identifies healthy and unhealthy food items and how large an impact the Nutri-Score may have on consumers’***,other benefits as well as hidden costs and drawbacks in implementing the Nutri-Score will be *** its reducing of the complex information regarding the contents of foods,the Nutri-Score may provide easily intelligible information regarding healthy nutrition and may become a valuable tool in educating consumers and influencing their food *** Nutri-Score may not become a game-changer in combating poor nutrition,but it is helpful in the right *** an inexpensive public policy,such as front-of-package labeling,makes some positive contribution,there is no reason to argue against its *** small effects may be relevant when a measure is adopted at population level.

关键词： Front-of-package food labeling Nutri-Score Food choice Food health value Obesity

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GREEN INTERIORS

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Journal of Green Building 2007年第3期2卷 18-31页

作者： Erica Letchford robin McIntosh Shelley Penner Martin Tessler 不详 Penner&Associates Interior Design Inc. Vancouver

INTRODUCTION Our time is now With increasing recognition of the impact of human activity on global climate change,there is now momentum and the will to employ the strategies imperative to reduce greenhouse gas emissio... 详细信息

关键词： interior greenhouse momentum

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DeepSecE:A Deep-Learning-Based Framework for Multiclass Prediction of Secreted Proteins in Gram-Negative Bacteria

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Research 2024年第3期2023卷 243-257页

作者： Yumeng Zhang Jiahao Guan Chen Li Zhikang Wang Zixin Deng robin BGasser Jiangning Song Hong-Yu Ou state Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic&Developmental SciencesSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash UniversityMelbourneViC 3800Australia Monash Data Futures Institute Monash UniversityMelbourneViC 3800Australia Melbourne Veterinary School Faculty of ScienceThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia.

Proteins secreted by Gram-negative bacteria are tightly linked to the virulence and adaptability of these microbes to environmental *** identification of such secreted proteins can facilitate the investigations of infections and diseases caused by these bacterial ***,current bioinformatic methods for predicting bacterial secreted substrate proteins have limited computational efficiency and application scope on a genome-wide ***,we propose a novel deep-learning-based framework—DeepSecE—for the simultaneous inference of multiple distinct groups of secreted proteins produced by Gram-negative *** remarkably improves their classification from nonsecreted proteins using a pretrained protein language model and transformer,achieving a macro-average accuracy of 0.883 on 5-fold *** benchmarking suggests that DeepSecE achieves competitive performance with the state-of-the-art binary predictors specialized for individual types of secreted *** attention mechanism corroborates salient patterns and motifs at the N or C termini of the protein *** this pipeline,we further investigate the genome-wide prediction of novel secreted proteins and their taxonomic distribution across~1,000 Gram-negative bacterial *** present analysis demonstrates that DeepSecE has major potential for the discovery of disease-associated secreted proteins in a diverse range of Gram-negative *** online web server of DeepSecE is also publicly available to predict and explore various secreted substrate proteins via the input of bacterial genome sequences.

关键词： Deep server competitive

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Short-term traffic forecasting model: prevailing trendsand guidelines

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2023年第3期5卷 1-19页

作者： Kian Lun Soon robin Kuok Cheong Chan Joanne Mun-Yee Lim Rajendran Parthiban School of Engineering Monash UniversityMalaysiaBandar Sunday 47500Malaysia

The design parameters serve as an integral part of developing a robust short-term traffc forecasting model These parameters include scope determination,input data preparation,output parameters and modelling *** paper takes a further leap to analyse the recent trend of design parameters through a systematic literature review based on peer-reviewed articles up to *** key important findings are summarized along with the challenges of performning short-term traffic ***,this paper offers insights into the next wave of research that contributes significantly to industries.

关键词： design parameters transport and society short term forecasting systematic literature review

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