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Piglet gut microbial shifts early in life:causes and effects

Journal of Animal Science and biotechnology 2019年第3期10卷 519-528页

作者： robin b.guevarra Jun Hyung Lee Sun Hee Lee Min-Jae Seok Doo Wan Kim bit Na Kang Timothy J.Johnson Richard E.Isaacson Hyeun bum Kim Department of Animal Resources Science Dankook UniversityCheonan 31116South Korea National Institute of Animal Science Rural Development AdministrationCheonan 55365South Korea Abbvie bioresearch Center AbbvieWorcesterMA 01605USA Department of Veterinary and biomedical Sciences University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA

The gut microbiome has long been known to play fundamentally important roles in the animal health and the well-being of its host. As such, the establishment and maintenance of a beneficial gut microbiota early in life is crucial in pigs, since early gut colonizers are pivotal in the establishment of permanent microbial community structures affecting the health and growth performance of pigs later in life. Emphasizing this importance of early gut colonizers, it is critical to understand the factors impacting the establishment of the piglet gut microbiome at weaning. Factors include, among others, diet, in-feed antibiotics, probiotics and prebiotic administration. The impact of these factors on establishment of the gut microbiome of piglets at weaning includes effects on piglet gut microbial diversity, structure, and succession. In this review, we thoroughly reviewed the most recent findings on the piglet gut microbiome shifts as influenced by weaning, and how these microbiome changes brought about by various factors that have been shown to affect the development of microbiota in piglets. This review will provide a general overview of recent studies that can help to facilitate the design of new strategies to modulate the gut microbiome in order to enhance gastrointestinal health, growth performance and well-being of piglets.

关键词： Microbial diversity Next generation sequencing 16S rRNA Swine microbiota Weaning

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The dynamics of the piglet gut microbiome during the weaning transition in association with health and nutrition

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Journal of Animal Science and biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 971-979页

作者： robin b.guevarra Sang Hyun Hong Jin Ho Cho bo-Ra Kim Jiwon Shin Jun Hyung Lee bit Na Kang Young Hwa Kim Suphot Wattanaphansak Richard E.Isaacson Minho Song Hyeun bum Kim Department of Animal Resources Science Dankook UniversityCheonanSouth Korea Division of Food and Animal Sciences Chungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea Abbvie bioresearch Center AbbvieWorcesterMAUSA National Institute of Animal Science Rural Development AdministrationWanjuSouth Korea Department of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityPathum WanBangkok 10330Thailand Department of Veterinary and biomedical Sciences University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Division of Animal and Dairy Science Chungnam National UniversityDaejeonSouth Korea

background: Understanding the composition of the microbial community and its functional capacity during weaning is important for pig production as bacteria play important roles in the pig’s health and growth performance. However,limited information is available regarding the composition and function of the gut microbiome of piglets in ***, we performed 16 S rRNA gene and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing of DNA from fecal samples from healthy piglets during weaning to measure microbiome shifts, and to identify the potential contribution of the early-life microbiota in shaping piglet health with a focus on microbial stress responses, carbohydrate and amino acid ***: The analysis of 16 S rR NA genes and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing revealed significant compositional and functional differences between the fecal microbiome in nursing and weaned piglets. The fecal microbiome of the nursing piglets showed higher relative abundance of bacteria in the genus bacteroides with abundant gene families related to the utilization of lactose and galactose. Prevotel a and Lactobacil us were enriched in weaned piglets with an enrichment for the gene families associated with carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. In addition, an analysis of the functional capacity of the fecal microbiome showed higher abundances of genes associated with heat shock and oxidative stress in the metagenome of weaned piglets compared to nursing ***: Overal, our data show that microbial shifts and changes in functional capacities of the piglet fecal microbiome resulted in potential reductions in the effects of stress, including dietary changes that occur during *** results provide us with new insights into the piglet gut microbiome that contributes to the growth of the animal.

关键词： Metagenomics Microbiome Piglets 16S rRNA Weaning

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ITPK1 is an InsP/ADP phosphotransferase that controls phosphate signaling in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2024年第7期17卷 1151-1157页

作者： Esther Riemer Danye Qiu Debabrata Laha Robert K.Harmel Philipp Gaugler Verena Gaugler Michael Frei Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei Nargis Parvin Laha Lukas Krusenbaum robin Schneider Adolfo Saiardi Dorothea Fiedler Henning J.Jessen Gabriel Schaaf Ricardo F.H.Giehi 不详

(Molecular Plant 14,1864-1880;November 12021)We identified a mistake made when calculating the absolute concentrations of inositol(pyro)phosphates derived from CE-ESl-MS measurements reported in the originally published version of our *** to a calculation error when determining concentrations per fresh biomass,the absolute values shown in the manuscript are approximately 30-fold lower than they should *** mistake affects Figures 2D,3C,4C,and 7D and Figures S4,S11b,S13,and *** all conclusions made in the article referred to relative differences between genotypes and treatments,they remained unaffected by these mistakes.

关键词： ipt Arabidopsis absolute

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Effect of Different Mulch Materials on Yield and Nutrition Profile of Common Capsicum (Capsicum annuum) Cultivars in bangladesh

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第2期15卷 246-255页

作者： Prince biswas Md. Abubakar Siddik Md. Shariful Islam Mohammad Zahir Ullah Md. Shamsuzzoha Hasina Akter Akm Maksudul Alam Mominul Hauque robin Nutrition Analysis Division Bangladesh Institute of Research and Training on Applied Nutrition Araihazar Bangladesh Department of Crop botany Faculty of Agriculture Habiganj Agricultural University Habiganj Bangladesh Field Crop Division Bangladesh Institute of Research and Training on Applied Nutrition Araihazar Bangladesh Medicine Crop Wing Bangladesh Institute of Research and Training on Applied Nutrition Araihazar Bangladesh Department of Statistics University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Agricultural Extension Upazila Agriculture Office Habiganj Bangladesh Department of Agricultural Chemistry Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka Bangladesh

Capsicum is a nutritious vegetable and its cultivation in farms is getting popular in bangladesh. Although many efforts have lain to explore better yielding and nutritionally rich cultivars with suitable modern cultivation techniques but still have to find the desired outcome. Thus, it’s necessary to conduct further research to identify the high-yielding and nutritious capsicum cultivars in bangladesh. An experiment was conducted from July 2021 to June 2022 at the bangladesh Institute of Research and Training on Applied Nutrition (bIRTAN) research field with three cultivars of capsicum: bb>0b> = California Wonder, bb>1b> = bARI Misti Morich-1 and bb>2b> = bARI Misti Morich-2 and three mulching: Tb>0b> = No mulching, Tb>1b> = Water hyacinth, Tb>2b> = Poly Mulching in randomized complete block design with three replications to identify better quality capsicum cultivar and suitable mulching material. Among cultivars the bARI Misti Morich-2 (bb>2b>) showed increased agronomic parameters like number of branches and effective branches per plant, leaves length and width, consequently yield and yield contributing traits were also enhanced like fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter and yield per plant (25.97%, 4.54%, 3.64% and 21.43%, respectively). Poly Mulching (Tb>2b>) increased agronomic traits, yield traits and yield (0.61 kg) than bARI Misti Morich-1 (Tb>1b>). The combined effect of bb>2b>Tb>2b> increased the number of branches per plant, effective branches per plant, leaves length and breadth by 40%, 90%, 15.57% and 26.22%, respectively, hence resulting in an increased yield of 20%. bARI Misti Morich-2 cultivar showed an increase in Fe, Zn and Vitamin-C content of 26.24% and 23.10%, 8.82% and 5.14%, and 6.03% and 5.74% than b0 and b1 cultivars, respectively. Therefore, bARI Misti Morich-2 exhibited the improved agronomic, yield and nutritional traits of capsicum under poly mulching a

关键词： Capsicum Cultivars Mulch Materials Yield Yield Contributing Traits Nutritional Quality

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Two remarkable epimerizations imperative for the success of an asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-aigialospirol

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第1期54卷 31-42页

作者： FIGUEROA Ruth FELTENbERGER John b. guevarra Christle C. HSUNG Richard P. Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University

Two remarkable epimerization processes were uncovered during our pursuit of an enantioselective synthesis of(+)-aigialospirol featuring a cyclic acetal tethered ring-closing *** modeling,we were able to turn these two unexpected epimerizations to our advantage via modeling to ensure a successful and concise total synthesis,thereby firmly establishing cyclic acetal tethered RCM as a powerful strategy in natural product *** importantly,calculations allowed us to fully understand the nature and the mechanistic course of these two epimerizations that were imperative to the total synthesis efforts.

关键词：全合成非对称天然产物合成异构化过程合成过程解的性质环缩醛复分解

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Immature and mature antibodies as defenders against cancer

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第1期20卷 3-5页

作者： robin V.Lacombe Sophie Sibéril Jordan D.Dimitrov Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERMCNRSSorbonne UniversitéUniversitéParis CitéParisFrance

Antibodies(Abs)are glycoprotein molecules that represent an essential component of the adaptative immune *** are secreted in body fluids and act as a critical part of immune *** recognition of self-antigens by Abs is normally selected against during b-cell development,autoreactive Abs can be generated as a result of pathological immune responses,as observed in autoimmune *** can also be produced in cancer patients,where they may have beneficial roles[1].Indeed,the presence of intratumoral antibody-secreting cells(ASCs)and b-cell-rich tertiary lymphoid structures(TLSs)has been observed in many cancer types and generally correlates with a favorable clinical prognosis[2,3,4,5,6].The existence of specific antitumor antibody responses suggests that tumor cells express molecules that are recognized as nonself antigens by the immune system or that tolerance of self-antigens expressed on cancer cells is lost[1,4].The study of the origin of tumor-reactive Abs and their specificity and functions is of paramount importance for understanding the development of adaptive antitumor immune responses and for revealing novel therapeutic avenues.A recent publication in Cell by Mazor et al.[7]has provided an important advance in our understanding of antibody responses in *** particular,this work paves the way for the distinction between antibody-reactive tumors and antibody-nonreactive tumors,which is reminiscent of the dichotomy of the noninfiltrated“cold”tumor microenvironment(TME)in contrast with the highly infiltrated with immune cells“hot”TME[8].Moreover,an important finding of the study was the demonstration that tumor-directed autoreactivity may be either preexisting or induced by somatic hypermutations,a mechanism related to the chronicity of cancer.

关键词： cancer antibodies specificity

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Global prevalence of Ascaris infection in humans(2010–2021):a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第6期11卷 94-95页

作者： Celia Holland Mahdi Sepidarkish Gwendoline Deslyper Ali Abdollahi Soghra Valizadeh Abolfazl Mollalo Sanaz Mahjour Sahar Ghodsian Ali Ardekani Hamed behniafar robin b.Gasser Ali Rostami 不详 Department of Veterinary biosciences Melbourne Veterinary SchoolFaculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran

background:Ascariasis is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases of humans *** epidemiology of Ascaris infection appears to have changed with improvements in sanitation and mass drug administration,but there is no recent information on prevalence ***,we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the global prevalence of human Ascaris infection from 2010 to ***:We searched MEDLINE/PubMed,and Scopus databases for studies measuring prevalence of Ascaris infection,published between 1 January 2010 and 1 January *** included studies of the general human population in endemic regions,which used accepted coprodiagnostic methods,and excluded studies of people with occupations with an increased risk or probability of ascariasis and/or specifc diseases other than *** applied randomefects models to obtain pooled prevalence estimates for six sustainable development goal regions of the *** extrapolated the prevalence estimates to the global population in 2020,to estimate the number of individuals with Ascaris *** conducted multiple subgroup and meta-regression analyses to explore possible sources of heterogeneity,and to assess relationships between prevalence estimates and demographic,socio-economic,geoclimatic ***:Of 11,245 studies screened,we analysed 758 prevalence estimates for a total number of 4,923,876 participants in 616 studies from 81 *** global prevalence estimated was 11.01%(95%confdence interval:10.27–11.78%),with regional prevalences ranging from 28.77%(7.07–57.66%)in Melanesia(Oceania)to 1.39%(1.07–1.74%)in Eastern *** estimated that~732(682–782)million people harboured Ascaris worldwide in *** infected people in Latin America and the Caribbean region had a higher prevalence of high intensity infection(8.4%,3.9–14.1%).Prevalence estimates were higher in children,and people in rural communities or in countries or regions with lower income and human d

关键词： Ascaris Global prevalence Intensity of infection Systematic review Meta-analysis

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An immunoglobulin Y that specifically binds to an in silico-predicted unique epitope of Zika virus non-structural 1 antigen

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第1期15卷 35-43页

作者： Leonardo A.guevarra Jr Scott Dean P.De Sagon Treena Rica D.Teh Maria Katrina Diana MCruz Nikki Cyrill C.Capistrano Austine James Z.StaMaria Laarni Grace M.Corales Leslie Michelle M.Dalmacio Department of biochemistry and Molecular biology College of MedicineUniversity of the Philippines ManilaPhilippines Department of biochemistry Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Santo TomasPhilippines Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences University of Santo TomasPhilippines

Objective:To identify unique immunogenic epitopes of Zika virus non-structural 1(NS1)antigen and produce immunoglobulin Y(IgY)for potential use in he diagnosis of of Zika virus ***:Immunogenic epitopes were identified using in silico b-cell epitope prediction.A synthetic peptide analog of the predicted epitope was used to induce antipeptide IgY production in hens which was purified using affinity *** of purified IgY and its binding specificity were performed by gel electrophoresis and ELISA,***:Out of the nine continuous epitopes identified,the sequence at position 193-208(LKVREDYSLECDPAVI)was selected and used to produce anti-peptide *** produced IgY was found to bind to the synthetic analog of the Zika virus NS1 immunogenic epitope but not to other flaviviruses and random peptides from other ***:In this study,we identified an immunogenic epitope unique to Zika virus that can be used to develop a serodiagnostic tool that specifically detect Zika virus infection.

关键词： Immunoglobulin Y IgY b-cell epitope prediction Flavivirus Non-structural 1 antigen Zika virus

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THE VACUUM IN NONISENTROPIC GAS DYNAMICS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2012年第1期32卷 339-351页

作者： Geng Chen robin Young Department of Mathematics Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Department of Mathematics University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA

We investigate the vacuum in nonisentropic gas dynamics in one space vari- able, with the most general equation of states allowed by thermodynamics. We recall physical constraints on the equations of state and give explicit and easily checkable conditions under which vacuums occur in the solution of the Riemann problem. We then present a class of models for which the Riemann problem admits unique global solutions without vacuums.

关键词： nonisentropic gas dynamics conservation laws vacuum large data Riemann problem

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Curvature-induced lipid segregation

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Chinese Physics b 2015年第6期24卷 95-99页

作者：郑斌孟庆田 robin L.b.Selinger Jonathan V.Selinger 叶方富 College of Physics and Electronics Shandong Normal University beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Liquid Crystal Institute Kent State University

We investigate how an externally imposed curvature influences lipid segregation on two-phase-coexistent membranes. We show that the bending-modulus contrast of the two phases and the curvature act together to yield a reduced effective line tension. On largely curved membranes, a state of multiple domains （or rafts） forms due to a mechanism analogous to that causing magnetic-vortex formation in type-II superconductors. We determine the criterion for such a multi-domain state to occur; we then calculate respectively the size of the domains formed on cylindrically and spherically curved membranes.

关键词： curvature phase separation lipid membrane rafts

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