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Effect of the postfeeding interval on olfactory responses of thrips to herbivore-induced cotton plants

Insect Science 2016年第6期23卷 881-892页

作者： Rehan Silva Gimme H. Walter Lewis j. Wilson Michael j. Furlong School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Cotton Research Unit CSIRO Agriculture Flagship Narrabri NSW 2390 Austrafia

We investigated the responses of 3 thrips species, Frankliniella schultzei Tryborn, E occidentalis Pergrande, and Thrips tabaci Lindeman （Thysanoptera： Thripidae） to herbivore-damaged and undamaged cotton seedlings （Gossypium hirsutum L. [Malvales： Malvaceae]） at a range of time intervals following damage by adult Tetranychus urticae （Koch）, adult T. ludeni （Zacher）（Acari： Tetranychidae） or Helicoverpa armigera （Hubner）（Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） larvae in olfactometer assays. The intensity/frequency of the response of thrips to herbivore-induced plants decreased with time and ultimately disappeared in all cases; however, the rate at which the response declined was related to the herbivore species that inflicted the damage. All 3 species of thrips were attracted to plants damaged by T. urticae for longer than they were to plants damaged by T. ludeni. The duration for which damaged plants remained attractive was also affected by the degree of damage inflicted on cotton seedlings. For example, E schultzei was attracted to plants damaged by a higher density of two-spotted spider mites （100/plant） for much longer than to plants damaged by a lower density of these mites （50/plant）. The results reinforce previous studies that demonstrate that arrangement of variables influences the responses of thrips to their herbivore-induced cotton host plants. Results also show that these responses are variable in time following herbivore damage to cotton plants, which further demonstrates how difficult it is to generalize about the functional significance of these interactions.

关键词： attraction cotton duration induced responses olfactometer Thysanoptera

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Light metal compound casting

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第1期52卷 46-51页

作者： Konrad j. M. PAPIS j.erg F. LOEFFLER Peter j. UGGOWITZER ETH Zurich Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10

‘Compound casting’simplifies j.ining processes by directly casting a metallic melt onto a solid metal substrate. A continuously metallurgic transition is very important for industrial applications, such as j.int structures of spaceframe constructions in transport industry. In this proj.ct, ‘compound casting’ of light metals is investigated, aiming at weight-saving. The substrate used is a wrought aluminium alloy of type AA5xxx, containing magnesium as main alloying element. The melts are aluminium alloys, containing various alloying elements (Cu, Si, Zn), and magnesium. By replacing the natural oxygen layer with a zinc layer, the inherent wetting difficulties were avoided, and compounds with flawless interfaces were successfully produced (no contraction defects, cracks or oxides). Electron microscopy and EDX investigations as well as optical micrographs of the interfacial areas revealed their continu- ously metallic constitution. Diffusion of alloying elements leads to heat-treatable microstructures in the vicinity of the j.ining interfaces in Al-Al couples. This permits significant variability of mechanical properties. Without significantly cutting down on wettability, the formation of low-melting intermetallic phases (Al3Mg2 and Al12Mg17 IMPs) at the interface of Al-Mg couples was avoided by applying a protective coating to the substrate.

关键词： compound casting aluminium alloys magnesium alloys interface structure

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The effect of bacterial challenge on ferritin regulation in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti

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Insect Science 2013年第5期20卷 601-619页

作者： Dawn L. Geiser Guoli Zhou j.nathan j. Mayo j.y j. Winzerling Department of Nutritional Sciences College of Agriculture and Life Sciences the University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85721 USA

Secreted ferritin is the maj.r iron storage and transport protein in insects. Here, we characterize the message and protein expression profiles of yellow fever mosquito （Aedes aegypti） ferritin heavy chain homologue （HCH） and light chain homologue （LCH） subunits in response to iron and bacterial challenge. In vivo experiments demonstrated tissue-specific regulation of HCH and LCH expression over time post-blood meal （PBM）. Transcriptional regulation of HCH and LCH was treatment specific, with differences in regulation for na？ve versus mosquitoes challenged with heat-killed bacteria （HKB）. Translational regulation by iron regulatory protein （IRP） binding activity for the iron-responsive element （IRE） was tissue-specific and time-dependent PBM. However, mosquitoes challenged with HKB showed little change in IRP/IRE binding activity compared to na？ve animals. The changes in ferritin regulation and expression in vivo were confirmed with in vitro studies. We challenged mosquitoes with HKB followed by a blood meal to determine the effects on ferritin expression, and demonstrate a synergistic, time-dependent regulation of expression for HCH and LCH.

关键词： Aedes aegypti bacteria ferritin iron IRP mosquito

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Population structure and body condition of White-crested Elaenia(Elaenia albiceps)in relation to habitat in a modiffed Neotropical forest landscape

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 160-165页

作者： roberto F.Thomson Andrew G.Gosler Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOX13PSOxfordUK Laboratorio de Ecología de Vida Silvestre Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Conservacion de la NaturalezaUniversidad de ChileSanta Rosa#11315La PintanaRegion MetropolitanaChile Institute of Human Sciences The Pauling Centre58a Banbury Rd.OxfordOX26QSUK

Despite the widely accepted view that planted forests are valuable habitat for wildlife species,there is a lack of empirical evidence showing the suitability of this novel habitat,especially in relation to plantations of exotic tree ***,little is known about the effects of forest management on the ecology and dynamics of wild populations in the *** the breeding season,the migrant flycatcher White-crested Elaenia is the most abundant bird species in forested landscapes in *** several years we have studied different aspects of these artificial forests in the coastal range of south-central Chile as habitat for the species,particularly in contrast to the native *** general,our results indicate that plantation forests offer a poorer quality habitat,where the density of the species tends to be lower than in the native forest,although a significant edge effect suggests that its quality can be mitigated by planting as a matrix mosaic with native ***,compared to native forests,populations in plantations contained a higher proportion of younger adult individuals maintaining larger territories,and showing poorer body *** suggest that these differences could also have an impact on the birds'longevity and survival.

关键词： Body condition Migrant Planted forests Survival Temperate forests Territory

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Does the scent of a potential mate prevent the resorption of oocytes by apoptosis in Nauphoeta cinerea？

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Insect Science 2009年第5期16卷 393-398页

作者： Emma L. B. Barrett Allen j. Moore Patricia j. Moore Centre for Ecology and Conservation School of Biosciences University of Exeter Cornwall Campus Penryn Cornwall UK

We expect organisms to have evolved mechanisms to gather and use the information available within their environments, to steer resource investment decisions toward the traits that will give the greatest fitness returns. Pheromones are social signals, a common purpose of which is to act as indicators of mate presence. Consequently, pheromones have the potential to act as signals to increase or maintain reproductive investment over that of competing life-history traits. In the cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea （Oliver）, females pay costs of maintaining investment in reproduction when there are no males, and males produce pheromones that are known to effect female reproductive outcomes. Whether the pheromones have an influence on resource physiology is unknown. We subj.cted newly eclosed females to either a synthetic blend of male pheromones or control. We dissected females at 7, 12, 17 or 22 days. We measured apoptosis levels and size of all oocytes within the vitellerium, and measured dry fat body mass. Synthetic male pheromone blend did not have an effect on any measure of female reproductive or somatic resource physiology. Although negative results are always problematic, the success of the synthetic pheromone method in the past suggests that females may be insensitive to male pheromones in the pre-oviposition period, and may rely on mating stimulus rather than pheromone as the cue for oocyte maintenance and growth. Previous studies reporting effects of male pheromones on female reproduction suggest that the period of pheromone sensitivity may be between mating and birth.

关键词： apoptosis environment oocyte ovary pheromone predictable trade-off

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Geometrically constrained isogeometric parameterizedlevel-set based topology optimization via trimmed elements

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2016年第4期11卷 328-343页

作者： Yingj.n WANG David j. BENSON School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China Department ofMechanical Engineering McGill University Montreal H3AOC3 Canada Department of Structural Engineering University of California SanDiego 92093 USA

In this paper, an approach based on the fast point-in-polygon (PIP) algorithm and trimmed elements is proposed for isogeometric topology optimization (TO) with arbitrary geometric constraints. The isogeometric parameterized level-set-based TO method, which directly uses the non-uniform rational basis splines (NURBS) for both level set function (LSF) parameterization and obj.ctive function calculation, provides higher accuracy and efficiency than previous methods. The integration of trimmed elements is completed by the efficient quadrature rule that can design the quadrature points and weights for arbitrary geometric shape. Numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency and flexibility of the method.

关键词： isogeometric analysis topology optimization level set method arbitrary geometric constraint trimmed element

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HOT DEFORMATION AND MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATION BEHAVIORS OF Fe-32%Ni ALLOY

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2006年第2期19卷 133-138页

作者： j. Huang Z. Xu Cold Rolling Mill Baoshan Iron ＆ Steel Co. Ltd Shanghai 201900 China Key Laboratory for High Temperature Materials and Tests of Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200030 China

The Hot deformation and martensitic transformation behaviors of Fe-32%Ni alloy was investigated by measurements of electrical resistance and X-ray diffraction. With the increase in strain, the austenite goes through from the work-hardened to the partial dynamcally re-crystallized and then to the completed dynamically re-crystallized. The martensitic transformation characteristics depend on the austenite states. The work-hardening in small strain is helpful to martensitic transformation due to the low dislocation density and little lattice distortion, while the high dislocation density and severe lattice distortion by the increase in strain will hinder the martensitic nucleation. Once dynamic re-crystallization （ DRX ） takes place, the martensitic transformation will be enhanced again, which is related to the heterogeneous dynamic substructures. The growing DRX grain can enhance the martensitic nucleation due to the low dislocation density near its grain boundary.

关键词： Fe-32%Ni alloy hot deformation work hardening dynamic re-crystallization martensitic transformation

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Implementation of a Roughness Element to Trip Transition in Large-eddy Simulation

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j.urnal of Thermal Science 2015年第1期24卷 30-36页

作者： j.Boudet j.-F.Monier F.Gao LMFA Ecole Centrale de Lyon Université de Lyon–UMR CNRS 5509 69134 Ecully Cedex France PhD.Candidate Université de Lyon–UMR CNRS 5509 69134 Ecully Cedex France

In aerodynamics, the laminar or turbulent regime of a boundary layer has a strong influence on friction or heat transfer. In practical applications, it is sometimes necessary to trip the transition to turbulent, and a common way is by use of a roughness element （e.g. a step） on the wall. The present paper is concerned with the numerical im- plementation of such a trip in large-eddy simulations. The study is carried out on a flat-plate boundary layer con- figuration, with Reynolds number Rex=l.3x 106. First, this work brings the opportunity to introduce a practical methodology to assess convergence in large-eddy simulations. Second, concerning the trip implementation, a volume source term is proposed and is shown to yield a smoother and faster transition than a grid step. Moreover, it is easier to implement and more adaptable. Finally, two subgrid-scale models are tested： the WALE model of Nic0ud and Ducros （Flow Turbul. Combust., vol. 62, 1999） and the shear-improved Smagorinsky model of Ldv^que et al. （j. Fluid Mech., vol. 570, 2007）. Both models allow transition, but the former appears to yield a faster transition and a better prediction of friction in the turbulent regime.

关键词： large-eddy simulation boundary layer roughness element transition tripping

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Predicting the yield of pomegranate oil from supercritical extraction using artificial neural networks and an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013年第3期7卷 357-365页

作者： j. Sargolzaei A. Hedayati Moghaddam Department of chemical engineering Ferdowsi university of Mashhad Mashhad *** Iran

Various simulation tools were used to develop an effective intelligent system to predict the effects of temperature and pressure on an oil extraction yield. Pomegranate oil was extracted using a supercritical CO2 （SC-CO2） process. Several simulation systems including a back-propagation neural network （BPNN）, a radial basis function neural network （RBFNN） and an adaptive- network-based fuzzy inference system （ANFIS） were tested and their results were compared to determine the best predictive model. The performance of these networks was evaluated using the coefficient of determination （R^2） and the mean square error （MSE）. The best correlation between the predicted and the experimental data was achieved using the BPNN method with an R^2 of 0.9948.

关键词： oil recovery artificial intelligence extraction neural networks supercritical extraction

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Sodium arsenite reduces severity of dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rats

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j.urnal of Zhej.ang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第4期9卷 341-350页

作者： j.shua j. MALAGO Hortensia NONDOLI Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Sokoine University of Agriculture P.O. Box 3203 Morogoro Tanzania Regional Immigration Office P.O. Box 649 Mtwara Tanzania

The histopathological features and the associated clinical findings of ulcerative colitis (UC) are due to persistent inflammatory response in the colon mucosa. Interventions that suppress this response benefit UC patients. We tested whether sodium arsenite (SA) benefits rats with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-colitis. The DSS-colitis was induced by 5% DSS in drinking water. SA (10 mg/kg; intraperitoneally) was given 8 h before DSS treatment and then every 48 h for 3 cycles of 7, 14 or 21 d. At the end of each cycle rats were sacrificed and colon sections processed for histological examination. DSS induced diarrhea, loose stools, hemoccult positive stools, gross bleeding, loss of body weight, loss of epithelium, crypt damage, depletion of goblet cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells. The severity of these changes increased in the order of Cycles 1, 2 and 3. Treatment of rats with SA significantly reduced this severity and improved the weight gain.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Dextran sulfate sodium Sodium arsenite Rats

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