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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第1期37卷 1-13页

作者： Nadia Penna Ellora Padhi Subhasish Dey roberto gaudio Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Università Della Calabria Department of Civil Engineering Shiv Nadar University Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

The aim of this experimental study is to investigate the interaction between turbulent flow and a gravelbed that mimics the actual roughness structures of a natural bed and its implication on sediment *** particular,the response of the Reynolds stresses and the role of intermittency to the bed roughness is the primary focus of the current *** this end,the flow field,measured with an Acoustice Doppler Velocimeter (ADV),is thoroughly examined,considering the conditional Reynolds shear stresses and the high-order structure functions of *** study results show that the features and the roughness structure of the water-worked gravel-bed (WWGB) have a strong impact on bursting *** reason for this is attributed to the flow layer above the crest in the WWGBs being primarily affected by sweep events rather than ejection events,although the latter events are prevalent in this flow layer in an immobile,man-made,*** coherent structures,which are primarily responsible for sediment transport,also are the key cause of the presence of an intermittency excess that breaks the Kolmogorov self-similarity hypothesis,leading to multi-fractal behavior of the velocity structure functions.

关键词： Water-worked bed Turbulent flow Sweeps Ejections High-order structure functions

Assessment of earthquake location uncertainties for the design of local seismic networks

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Earthquake Science 2024年第5期37卷 415-433页

作者： Antonio Fuggi Simone Re Giorgio Tango Sergio Del gaudio Alessandro Brovelli Giorgio Cassiani Isamgeo Italia S.r.l. Gallarate 21013Italy STOGIT S.p.A. UnitàGiacimentiCrema 26013Italy Dipartimento di Geoscienze Universitàdegli Studi di PadovaPadova 35131Italy

The ability to estimate earthquake source locations,along with the appraisal of relevant uncertainties,is paramount in monitoring both natural and human-induced *** this purpose,a monitoring network must be designed to minimize the location errors introduced by geometrically unbalanced *** this study,we first review different sources of errors relevant to the localization of seismic events,how they propagate through localization algorithms,and their impact on *** then propose a quantitative method,based on a Monte Carlo approach,to estimate the uncertainty in earthquake locations that is suited to the design,optimization,and assessment of the performance of a local seismic monitoring *** illustrate the performance of the proposed approach,we analyzed the distribution of the localization uncertainties and their related dispersion for a highly dense grid of theoretical hypocenters in both the horizontal and vertical directions using an actual monitoring network *** results expand,quantitatively,the qualitative indications derived from purely geometrical parameters(azimuthal gap(AG))and classical detectability *** proposed method enables the systematic design,optimization,and evaluation of local seismic monitoring networks,enhancing monitoring accuracy in areas proximal to hydrocarbon production,geothermal fields,underground natural gas storage,and other subsurface *** approach aids in the accurate estimation of earthquake source locations and their associated uncertainties,which are crucial for assessing and mitigating seismic risks,thereby enabling the implementation of proactive measures to minimize potential *** an operational perspective,reliably estimating location accuracy is crucial for evaluating the position of seismogenic sources and assessing possible links between well activities and the onset of seismicity.

关键词： network design earthquake localization detectability localization uncertainties local seismic network

Flow Behavior of Clay-Silt to Sand-Silt Water-Rich Suspensions at Low to High Shear Rates: Implications for Slurries, Transitional Flows, and Submarine Debris-Flows

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第6期92卷 2395-2404页

作者： Pierdomenico DEL gaudio Guido VENTURA Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Via di Vigna Murata 60500143 RomeItaly Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheNaplesItaly

Water-rich clay to sand suspensions show a shear rate dependent flow behavior and knowledge of the appropriate rheological model is relevant for sedimentological, industrial and hydraulic studies. We present experimental rheological measurements of water-rich(40 to 60 wt%) clay to silt(population A) and silt to sand(population B) suspensions mixed in different proportions. The data evidence a shear rate dependent shear thinning-shear thickening transition. At lower shear rates, the suspensions organize in chains of particles, whereas at higher shear rates, these chains disrupt so increasing the viscosity. The viscosity, consistency and yield stress decrease as the A+B fraction decreases as the content of B particles increases. This behavior reflects the competing effects of the lubrication and frictional processes as a function of particle size and water content. Transitional flows form by the incorporation of small amounts of the finer fraction while ‘oceanic floods’ form at the estuary of rivers and the submarine debris-flows increase their velocity by incorporating water. The critical Reynolds number of the studied suspensions is ～2000±100 suggesting that the grainsize plays a major role in the laminar to turbulent transition. Our results have implications for the modeling of sediment flows and the hazard related to floods.

关键词： rheology water-sediment suspensions slurry sludge transitional flows and mud flows volcanogenic sediment-water flows oceanic floods

Extraterrestrial Life in the Thermosphere: Plasmas, UAP, Pre-Life, Fourth State of Matter

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第3期15卷 322-376页

作者： R. Joseph C. Impey O. Planchon R. del gaudio M. Abu Safa A. R. Sumanarathna E. Ansbro D. Duvall G. Bianciardi C. H. Gibson R. Schild Astrobiology Research Center California USA Department of Astronomy University of Arizona Tucson USA Biogéosciences Laboratory University of Burgundy Dijon France Department of Biology University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy Department of Applied Physics Palestine Polytechnic University Hebron Palestine Department of Research and Innovation Eco Astronomy International Research Center Tetouan Morocco Space Exploration Ltd. Boyle County Roscommon Ireland Department of Zoology Oklahoma State University (Emeritus) Stillwater USA Department of Science and Medicine Università Degli Studi di Siena Tuscany Italy Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences University of California (Emeritus) San Diego USA Center for Astrophysics Harvard-Smithsonian (Emeritus) Cambridge USA

“Plasmas” up to a kilometer in size and behaving similarly to multicellular organisms have been filmed on 10 separate NASA space shuttle missions, over 200 miles above Earth within the thermosphere. These self-illuminated “plasmas” are attracted to and may “feed on” electromagnetic radiation. They have different morphologies: 1) cone, 2) cloud, 3) donut, 4) spherical-cylindrical;and have been filmed flying towards and descending from the thermosphere into thunderstorms;congregating by the hundreds and interacting with satellites generating electromagnetic activity;approaching the Space Shuttles. Computerized analysis of flight path trajectories documents these plasmas travel at different velocities from different directions and change their angle of trajectory making 45°, 90°, and 180° shifts and follow each other. They’ve been filmed accelerating, slowing down, stopping, congregating, engaging in “hunter-predatory” behavior and intersecting plasmas leaving a plasma dust trail in their wake. Similar life-like behaviors have been demonstrated by plasmas created experimentally. “Plasmas” may have been photographed in the 1940s by WWII pilots (identified as “Foo fighters”);repeatedly observed and filmed by astronauts and military pilots and classified as Unidentified Aerial—Anomalous Phenomenon. Plasmas are not biological but may represent a form of pre-life that via the incorporation of elements common in space, could result in the synthesis of RNA. Plasmas constitute a fourth state of matter, are attracted to electromagnetic activity, and when observed in the lower atmosphere likely account for many of the UFO-UAP sightings over the centuries.

关键词： Extraterrestrials Plasmas Dusty Plasmas Extremophiles Life in Space Abiogenesis Origins of Life RNA World

Multiple cells of origin in cholangiocarcinoma underlie biological,epidemiological and clinical heterogeneity

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2012年第5期4卷 94-102页

作者： Vincenzo Cardinale Guido Carpino Lola Reid Eugenio gaudio Domenico Alvaro Department of MedicoSurgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Polo PontinoSapienza University of Rome00137 RomeItaly Department of Health Sciences University of Rome "Foro Italico"000135 RomeItaly Department of Anatomical HistologicalForensic Medicine and Orthopedics SciencesSapienza University of Rome000137 RomeItaly Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology Biomedical EngineeringProgram in Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUNC School of MedicineChapel HillNC 27599United States Eleonora Lorillard Spencer-Cenci Foundation 00156 RomeItaly

Recent histological and molecular characterization of cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) highlights the heterogeneity of this cancer that may emerge at different sites of the biliary tree and with different macroscopic or morphological ***,different stem cell niches have been recently described in the liver and biliarytree,suggesting this as the basis of the heterogeneity of intrahepatic(IH)-and extrahepatic(EH)-CCAs,which are two largely different tumors from both biological and epidemiological points of *** complexity of the organization of the liver stem cell compartments could underlie the CCA clinical-pathological heterogeneity and the criticisms in classifying primitive liver *** recent advances highlight a possible new classification of CCAs based on cells of origin and this responds to the need of generating homogenous diagnostic,prognostic and,hopefully,therapeutic categories of IH-and EH-CCAs.

关键词： Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Cholangiocarcinoma classification Cholangiolocarcinoma Cells of origin Cancer stem cells Peribiliary glands Biliary tree stem/progenitor cells Human hepatic stem cells Risk factors Targeted therapies

Estrogens and the pathophysiology of the biliary tree

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第22期12卷 3537-3545页

作者： Domenico Alvaro Maria Grazia Mancino Paolo Onori Antonio Franchitto Gianfranco Alpini Heather Francis Shannon Glaset Eugenio gaudio Division of Gastroenterology University of Rome "La Sapienza"RomeItaly University of Rome "La Sapienza"Polo PontinoLatinaItaly Division of Gastroenterology University of Rome "La Sapienza"RomeItaly Department of Experimental Medicine Section of Human and Clinical Anatomy State University of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly Department of Anatomy University of Rome "La Sapienza" RomeItaly Department of Medicine The Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of Medicine Scott & White HospitalTempleTX 76504United States ResearchCentral Texas Veterans Health Care SystemScott & White HospitalTempleTX 76504United States Systems Biology and Translational MedicineThe Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of MedicineTX 76504United States Division of R&E Scott & White Hospital TempleTX 76504United States Eugenio gaudio Department of Anatomy University of Rome "La Sapienza"RomeItaly

The scientific framework concerning estrogen effects on different tissues has expanded enormously during the last decades, when estrogen receptor （ER） subtypes were identified. Estrogens are not only essential for the female reproductive system, but they also control fundamental functions in other tissues including the cardiovascular system, bone, brain and liver. Recently, estrogens have been shown to target the biliary tree, where they modulate the proliferative and secretory activities of cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining bile ducts. By acting on both estrogen receptors （ER-α） and （ER-β） subtypes, and by activating either genomic or non-genomic pathways, estrogens play a key role in the complex loop of growth factors and cytokines, which modulates the proliferative response of cholangiocytes to damage. Specifically, estrogens activate intracellular signalling cascades JERK1/2 （extracellular regulated　kinases 1/2, PI3-kinase/AKT （phosphatidylinositol-3＇ kinase/AKT）] typical of growth factors such as insulin like growth factor （IGF1）, nerve growth factor （NGF） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, thus potentiating their action. In addition, estrogens stimulate the secretion of different growth factors in proliferating cholangiocytes. This review specifically deals with the recent advances related to the role and mechanisms by which estrogens modulate cholangiocyte functions in normal and pathological conditions.

关键词： Estrogens Cholangiocytes IGF1 Proliferation APDKD PBC Cholangiocarcinoma SERMs

Genetics of anorexia nervosa:An overview of genome-wide association studies and emerging biological links

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第1期49卷 1-12页

作者： Clara de Jorge Martinez Gull Rukh Michael J.Williams Santino gaudio Samantha Brooks Helgi BSchi oth Department of Neuroscience Functional PharmacologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly School of Psychology Faculty of HealthLiverpool John Moores UniversityUK Department of Psychology School of Human and Community DevelopmentUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussia

Anorexia nervosa(AN) is a complex disorder with a strong genetic component. Comorbidities are frequent and there is substantial overlap with other disorders. The lack of understanding of the molecular and neuroanatomical causes has made it difficult to develop effective treatments and it is often difficult to treat in clinical practice. Recent advances in genetics have changed our understanding of polygenic diseases,increasing the possibility of understanding better how molecular pathways are intertwined. This review synthetizes the current state of genetic research providing an overview of genome-wide association studies(GWAS) findings in AN as well as overlap with other disorders, traits, pathways, and imaging results. This paper also discusses the different putative global pathways that are contributing to the disease including the evidence for metabolic and psychiatric origin of the disease.

关键词： Anorexia nervosa Genome-wide association studies Genetic variants Psychiatry

Cholangiocytes and blood supply

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第22期12卷 3546-3552页

作者： Eugenio gaudio Antonio Franchitto Luigi Pannarale Guido Carpino Gianfranco Alpini Heather Francis Shannon Glaser Domenico Alvaro Paolo Onori Department of Human Anatomy University of Rome "La Sapienza" RomeItaly Central Texas Veterans Health Care System and Department of Medicine and Systems Biology and Translational Medicine College of MedicineTempleTXUnited States Division of Research and Education Scott & White Hospital and The Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of MedicineTempleTXUnited States Department of Medicine and Division of Research and Education Scott & White Hospital and The Texas A&M University System Health Science Center College of MedicineTempleTXUnited States Division of Gastroenterology University of Rome "La Sapienza" RomeItaly University of Rome "La Sapienza" Polo PontinoLatinaItaly Department of Experimental Medicine Section of Human and Clinical Anatomy State University of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly

The microvascular supply of the biliary tree, the peribiliary plexus （PBP）, stems from the hepatic artery branches and flows into the hepatic sinusoids. A detailed three-dimensional study of the PBP has been performed by using the Scanning Electron Microscopy vascular corrosion casts （SEMvcc） technique. Considering that the PBP plays a fundamental role in supporting the secretory and absorptive functions of the biliary epithelium, their organization in either normalcy and pathology is explored. The normal liver shows the PBP arranged around extra-and intrahepatic biliary tree. In the small portal tract PBP was characterized by a single layer of capillaries which progressively continued with the extrahepatic PBP where it showed a morecomplex vascular network. After common duct ligation （BDL）, progressive modifications of bile duct and PBP proliferation are observed. The PBP presents a three-dimensional network arranged around many bile ducts and appears as bundles of vessels, composed by capillaries of homogeneous diameter with a typical round mesh structure. The PBP network is easily distinguishable from the sinusoidal network which appears normal. Considering the enormous extension of the PBP during BDL, the possible role played by the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor （VEGF） is evaluated. VEGF-A,VEGF-C and their related receptors appeared highly immunopositive in proliferating cholangiocytes of BDL rats. The administration of anti-VEGF-A or anti-VEGF-C antibodies to BDL rats as well as hepatic artery ligation induced a reduced bile duct mass. The administration of rVEGF-A to BDL hepatic artery ligated rats prevented the decrease of cholangiocyte proliferation and VEGF-A expression as compared to BDL control rats. These data suggest the role of arterial blood supply of the biliary tree in conditions of cholangiocyte proliferation, such as it occurs during chronic cholestasis. On the other hand,the role played by VEGF as a tool of cross-talk between cholangiocytes

关键词： Peribiliary plexus Periportal plexus Cholangiocytes

Laparoscopic Heller myotomy with or without partial fundoplication: A matter of debate

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第10期11卷 1558-1561页

作者： G Ramacciato FA D'Angelo P Aurello M Del gaudio G Varotti P Mercantini R Bellagamba G Ercolani Universita' degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza"-Ⅱ Facolta' di Medicina e Chirurgia. Ospedale Sant'Andrea-UOC Chirurgia "D"

AIM: To present our experience of laparoscopic Heller stretching myotomy followed by His angle reconstruction as surgical approach to esophageal ***: Thirty-two patients underwent laparoscopic Heller myotomy; an anterior partial fundoplication in 17,and angle of His reconstruction in 15 cases represented the antireflux procedure of ***: There were no morbidity and mortality recorded in both anterior funduplication and angle of His reconstruction groups. No differences were detected in terms of recurrent dysphagia, p.o. reflux or medical ***: To reduce the incidence of recurrent achalasia after laparoscopic Heller myotomy, we believe that His' angle reconstruction is a safe and effective alternative to the anterior fundoplication.

关键词： Achalasia Gastroesophageal reflux Laparoscopic Heller myotomy

Pancreas-preserving segmental duodenectomy for gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the duodenum and splenectomy for splenic angiosarcoma

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2012年第3期11卷 325-329页

作者： Mirko Muroni Matteo Ravaioli Massimo Del gaudio Giuseppe Nigri Francesco D'Angelo Stefania Uccini Giovanni Ramacciato Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Department of General Surgery La Sapienza University of Rome Second School of Medicine St. Andrea Hospital Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Department of General Surgery and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine La Sapienza University of Rome Second School of Medicine St. Andrea Hospital

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and occur rarely in the duodenum. Splenic angiosarcoma is an aggressive neoplasm with an extremely poor prognosis. METHODS: We report a case of a 70-year-old man hospitalized for abdominal pain in the upper quadrants, dyspepsia and nausea, previously treated for Hodgkin lymphoma 30 years ago. Abdominal CT showed a solid nodular lesion in the third portion of the duodenum, the presence of retropancreatic, aortic and caval lymph nodes, and four nodular splenic masses. 111 In-octreotide scintigraphy revealed pathological tissue accumulation in the duodenal region, and in the retropancreatic, retroduodenal, aortic and caval lymph nodes, suggesting a nonfunctioning neuroendocrine peripancreatic tumor. RESULTS: At exploratory laparotomy, an exophytic soft tumor was found originating from the third portion of the duodenum. Pancreas-preserving duodenectomy with duodenojejunostomy, splenectomy and lymphnodectomy of retropancreatic aortic and caval lymph nodes were performed. Pathological evaluation and immunohistochemical studies showed the presence of a duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor with low mitotic activity and a well-differentiated angiosarcoma localized to the spleen and invading lymph ***: We speculated that the angiosarcoma and duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors of this patient were due to the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma with radiotherapy 30 years ago. Pancreas-preserving segmental duodenectomy can be used to treat non-malignant neoplasms of the duodenum and avoid extensive surgery. Splenectomy is the treatment of choice for localized angiosarcomas but a strict follow-up is mandatory because of the possibility of recurrence.

关键词： duodenal neoplasms gastrointestinal stromal tumors hemangiosarcoma splenectomy splenic neoplasms pancreaticoduodenectomy