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Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen robert J.Thomas m.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

A Cost-Effective Flood Warning System for Small Urban Basins

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Journal of Earth Science 2025年第1期36卷 307-313页

作者： robert E.Criss Eric m.Stein Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington UniversitySt.Louis MO 63130USA

An effective warning system for flash floods along the upper River des Peres, a small urban stream in eastern missouri, USA, is based on three enterprise-level, automated rain *** floods in this 25 km~2 basin develop rapidly and are commonly caused by small but intense thunderstorm cells, these rain gauges were necessarily deployed within the watershed, and immediate telemetry and processing of rainfall delivered in 5-minute intervals is required. Available data show that damaging floods in this area occur only 30 min to 3 h following the delivery of 38 mm of rainfall or more in a single hour. Water levels along this stream can rise more than 3 m/h. Since full deployment in Nov. 2021, our system has successfully predicted 3 significant floods with one false positive.

关键词： urban floods flood warning water levels hydrology

Assessment of Floristic Diversity at Two Protected Sites on the Outskirts of Sena Oura National Park, Chad

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Agricultural Sciences 2025年第1期16卷 178-192页

作者： robert Tchingonta maxime Banoin Koussou mian-Oudanang Sougnabe Pabame Centre Rgional sur les Productions Pastorales Facult dAgronomie Universit Abdou Moumouni Niamey Niger Facult dAgronomie Universit Abdou Moumouni Niamey Niger Coordinateur Accept LIred NDjamena Tchad Pastoral Platform in Chad NDjamena Chad

Two protected sites located on the outskirts of the Sena Oura National Park (PNSO) in West mayo-Kebbi cover an area of 1800 m2 is pattern choose in pastoral enclave in both village. This study was undertaken to highlight the floristic diversity of the herbaceous and woody vegetation on these sites in the offing to know the ability of charge into UBT that most support the park peripheral. It took place on two experimental sites on a natural course in two villages: Wazetelan and massang. The approach used for the study was a survey using the systematic sampling method and a 30 m × 30 m plot. The survey consisted in listing all the taxa in a floristically homogeneous plot, each assigned the Braun-Blanquet dominance abundance coefficient. These surveys revealed a floristic richness of 73 species, 58 genera, including 46 herbaceous and 26 woody species. The Shannon result gives H1' = 0.12 bit for herbaceous species and H2' = 0.44 bit for woody species, meaning that the herbaceous and woody populations of all the surveys have a very low species diversity, as H' ment threshold. Herbaceous species are divided into 13 families and 33 genera. The most represented families are Fabaceae (27.3%) and Poaceae (21.9%). most of the other families (1.3%) have only one species, if any. Herbaceous species are divided into 33 genera grouped into 13 families. The most represented families are Fabaces (16 species), 34%, and Poaceae (12 species), 26%. The 26 woody species, most of which come from itinerant surveys, are distributed across 24 genera and 12 families, the most important of which is Fabaceae with 09 species (34.6%). This floristic assessment, in terms of quantity and quality, has enabled us to estimate the carrying capacity of the two pastoral enclaves in Dari and Goumadji cantons, and to guide the government’s actions with regard to rangeland management.

关键词： Floristic Diversity Protected Sites Periphery Area Producty Chad

On-line non-intrusive particle size measurement of pulverised fuel through digital imaging

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仪器仪表学报 2007年第11期28卷 1942-1946页

作者： Carter robert m Department of Electronics University of Kent

This paper presents the basic principles of particle size measurement and latest industrial results recorded using an innovative optical instrumentation system designed to measure the size distribution of particles in a pneumatic *** system is non-intrusive and cost-effective.A low-cost CCD camera is used to capture images of the particulate flow field,which is illuminated by a low-cost pulsed laser sheet *** particle size distribution is then determined by processing the particle images through the use of novel processing *** results obtained in the past on a small scale particle flow test rig have demonstrated that the system is capable of measuring the size distribution of pneumatically conveyed particles with an accuracy of a few *** the present paper results obtained when testing the system at a 4 mW industrial test facility are *** are made with both off-line reference data achieved through sieving and on-line laser diffraction data recorded using an intrusive,extractive,malvern Instruments *** general there is good agreement between results when considering the characteristics and limitations of the individual *** novel imaging system shows itself to be rugged,practical and useful under genuine industrial conditions.

关键词：粒子测量方法数字成像数码

Generation of 10 kT axial magnetic fields using multiple conventional laser beams:A sensitivity study for kJ PW-class laser facilities

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matter and Radiation at Extremes 2025年第1期10卷 15-32页

作者： Jue Xuan Hao Xiang Tang Alexey Arefiev robert J.Kingham Ping Zhu Yin Shi Jian Zheng Department of Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California at San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia 92093USA Blackett Laboratory Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom National Laboratory on High Power Laser and Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA(CICIFSA) Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Strong multi-kilotesla magnetic fields have various applications in high-energy density science and laboratory astrophysics,but they are not readily *** our previous work[*** et al.,***.130,155101(2023)],we developed a novel approach for generating such fields using multiple conventional laser beams with a twist in the pointing *** method is particularly well-suited for multi-kilojoule petawatt-class laser systems like SG-II UP,which are designed with multiple linearly polarized *** three-dimensional kinetic particle-in-cell simulations,we examine critical factors for a proof-of-principle experiment,such as laser polarization,relative pulse delay,phase offset,pointing stability,and target configuration,and their impact on magnetic field *** general conclusion is that the approach is very robust and can be realized under a wide range of laser parameters and plasma *** also provide an in-depth analysis of the axial magnetic field configuration,azimuthal electron current,and electron and ion orbital angular momentum *** by a simple model,our analysis shows that the axial magnetic field decays owing to the expansion of hot electrons.

关键词： polarization magnetic axial

Universal correlations in percolation

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Frontiers of physics 2020年第4期15卷 1-3页

作者： robert m.Zif Center for the Study of Compler Systems and Department of Chemical Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109-2800USA

Percolation is the process where connections from link to link in random systems leads to clustering and long-range connectivity.A standard model of percolation is a reg-ular lattice,with the links being nearest-neighbor bonds that are randomly occupied(bond percolation),or all links exist and random sites(vertices)are occupied(site per-colation).At a critical occupancy fraction Pe of sites or bonds,the mean cluster size in an infinite system first becomes infinite,and many properties become universal for a given *** characteristics of the uni-versal behavior has been the focus of much research for decades[1-5].

关键词： bonds percolation infinite

Thiolsulfonate functionalized polystyrene resin:Preparation and application in the isolation and identification of electrophilic mutagens

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第12期19卷 1520-1527页

作者： Wu El robert m. Carlson Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota-Duluth Duluth MN 55812 USA

A new approach for isolation and identification of elecrtophilic mutagens from complex matrix was developed. Thiosulforfic anion was immobilized onto polystyrene beads and used as separation media. Potassium polystyryl-thiosulfonate, prepared from polystyryl- sulfonyl chloride and KHS, was observed to selectively react with model electrophilic mutagens such as alkyl halides, ct-chloroketones and α-chloroesters to produce polystyryl-thiosulfonlc esters. After separation from other nonreactive organic compounds, the beads then reacted with ethanethiol to produce unsymmetrical ethyl disulfides which are easily detected by GC/mS. For one mutagenic compound, only one unsymmetrical disulfide was found to contain its structure part. Thus, the structure of the parent mutagens could be deduced from that of the unsymmetrical disulfides. The degree of functionalization of the potassium polystyryl-thiosulfonate resin was 1.11 mmol/g. Its reactivity was discussed and its recycling method was reported here.

关键词： functionalized polystyrene potassium polystyryl-thiosulfonate unsymmetrical ethyl disulfides electrophilic mutagens

Advances in local ablation of malignant liver lesions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第15期22卷 3885-3891页

作者： robert m Eisele Department of General Visceral Vascular and Pediatric Surgery Medical Faculty of the University of Saarland

Local ablation of liver tumors matured during the recent years and is now proven to be an effective tool in the treatment of malignant liver lesions. Advances focus on the improvement of local tumor control by technical innovations, individual selection of imaging modalities, more accurate needle placement and the free choice of access to the liver. Considering data found in the current literature for conventional local ablative treatment strategies, virtually no single technology is able to demonstrate an unequivocal superiority. Hints at better performance of microwave compared to radiofrequency ablation regarding local tumor control, duration of the procedure and potentially achievable larger size of ablation areas favour the comparably more recent treatment modality; image fusion enables more patients to undergo ultrasound guided local ablation; magnetic resonance guidance may improve primary success rates in selected patients; navigation and robotics accelerate the needle placement and reduces deviation of needle positions; laparoscopic thermoablation results in larger ablation areas and therefore hypothetically better local tumor control under acceptable complication rates, but seems to be limited to patients with no, mild or moderate adhesions following earlier surgical procedures. Apart from that, most techniques appear technically feasible, albeit demanding. Which technology will in the long run become accepted, is subject to future work.

关键词： Local ablation Liver microwave ablation Hepatocellular carcinoma Colorectal liver metastases Navigation

Junction Point Elimination based Tamil Handwritten Character Recognition:An Experimental Analysis

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2020年第1期29卷 100-123页

作者： m.Antony robert Raj S.Abirami Department of Information Science and Technology Anna UniversityChennai 600025

Optical Character Recognition is the mechanical or electronic conversion of images of typed,handwritten or printed text into machine-encoded text for online reading and *** this OCR technique,Tamil handwritten character recognition is one of the most needed and challengeable subjects of *** encounter between selection and extraction of proper features eliminates the issues faced by the Tamil handwritten *** character and the writers complexities are the major difficulties and challenges faced by this recognition ***,the character complexity can be overcome by any pre-extraction or selection process,wherein,structured or statistical pre-extraction algorithm can be designed,discovering the essential features,in the case of writer *** challenges of Tamil handwritten characters are structure over looping;unnecessary character portion;structure discontinuations and so *** character portions in this research are chosen by implementing a new algorithm called the Junction Point Elimination(JPE)after conscientious analysis done on the existing algorithms like Zoning,Zoning and Junction Point(ZJP)and the Junction Point (JP) based feature pre-extraction *** novelty behind this work is introducing an algorithm in order to truncate the problem in the existing feature selection and preextraction *** feature extraction and classification algorithm are chosen and applied on the features extracted by JPE to test whether the same can be reached in successful *** final analysis and experiments shows that the JPE is better than the others.

关键词： Junction point elimination chain code zoning prism tree quad tree support vector machine