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Eastern gray squirrels are consistent shoppers of seed traits:insights from discrete choice experiments

Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 280-296页

作者： Mekala SUNDARAM Nathanael I.LICHTI Nicole J.Olynk WIDMAR robert k.swihart Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA

Seeds of many hardwood trees are dispersed by scatter-hoarding rodents,and this process is often mediated by the traits of *** numerous studies have linked seed traits to seed preference by rodents,little is known about how rodents forage for seeds when multiple desirable and undesirable seed traits are available ***,we adopt a novel method of designing choice experiments to study how eastern gray squirrels(Sciurus carolinensis)select for 6 traits(caloric value,protein content,tannin concentration,kernel mass,dormancy period and toughness of shell)among *** n=426 seed-pair presentations,we found that squirrels preferentially consumed seeds with short dormancy or tougher shells,and preferentially cached seeds with larger kernel mass,tougher shells and higher tannin *** incorporating random effects,we found that squirrels exhibited consistent preferences for seed traits,which is likely due to the fitness consequences associated with maintaining cached ***,we found that squirrels were willing to trade between multiple traits when caching seeds,which likely results in more seed species being cached in the ***,our approach allowed us to compute the relative values of different seed traits to squirrels,despite covariance among studied traits across seed *** addition,by investigating how squirrels trade among different seed traits,important insights can be gleaned into behavioral mechanisms underlying seed caching(and,thus,seed survival)dynamics as well as evolutionary strategies adopted by plants to attract seed *** describe how discrete choice experiments can be used to study resource selection in other ecological systems.

关键词： cached resources discrete choice experiment resource selection trade-offs trait-dependent

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Mechanisms underlying detection of seed dormancy by a scatter-hoarding rodent

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第2期15卷 89-102页

作者： Mekala SUNDARAM Ashley E.HIGDON karl V.WOOD Connie C.BONHAM robert k.swihart Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUSA Department of Chemistry Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUSA Department of Biochemistry Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUSA Department of Geological Sciences Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA

The mechanism underlying detection of seed dormancy by scatter-hoarding rodents is unclear,although previous work suggests that the pericarp plays an important role in signaling dormancy *** gray squirrels(Sciurus carolinensis)consume early germinating seeds as they are more likely to perish immediately,whereas dormant seeds tend to be *** examine the mechanisms underlying dormancy detection,we characterized physical and chemical differences between germinating and dormant pericarps of northern red oak(Quercus rubra),American chestnut(Castanea dentata)and the BC3 hybrid of Chinese chestnut and American chestnut(Castanea mollissima×***)using scanning electron microscopy and gas chromatography-mass spec*** found that,as seeds break dormancy,the wax layer on the pericarp degrades and is accompanied by the escape of lower molecular weight kernel compounds or lipid metabolism *** field experiments showed that squirrels were 4-8 times more likely to consume seeds that were altered to remove pericarp wax coating or that were sprayed with seed *** argue that dormancy detection by scatter-hoarding rodents is a complex process involving physical cues such as loss of pericarp wax and chemical cues such as emission of olfactory cues.

关键词： cache pericarp wax scatter-hoarding seed consumption

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Does multiple seed loading in Blue Jays result in selective dispersal of smaller acorns?

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第3期6卷 235-243页

作者： Andrew W.BARTLOW Michael kACHMAR Nathanael LICHTI robert k.swihart Jeffrey A.STRATFORD Michael A.STEELE Department of Biology Wilkes UniversityWilkes BarrePennsylvaniaUSA Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA

Studies from both tropical and temperate systems show that scatter-hoarding rodents selectively disperse larger seeds farther from their source than smaller seeds,potentially increasing seedling establishment in larger-seeded ***-biased dispersal is evident in many oaks(Quercus)and is true both across and within ***,we predict that intraspecifc variation in seed size also influences acorn dispersal by the Blue Jay(Cyanocitta cristata Linnaeus),but in an opposite *** Jays are gape-limited and selectively disperse smaller acorn species(*** oaks[Quercus palustris Münchh]),but often carry several acorns in their crop during a single dispersal *** predict that jays foraging on smaller acorns will load more seeds per trip and disperse seeds to greater distances than when single acorns are carried in the *** test this,we presented free-ranging Blue Jays with pin oak acorns of different sizes over a 2-year *** each of 16 experimental trials,we monitored the birds at a feeding station with remote cameras and determined the number of acorns removed and the distance acorns were dispersed when *** were significantly more likely to engage in multiple seed loading with smaller seeds in both years of the *** the second year,these smaller acorns were dispersed farther than larger acorns,and during the first year,larger acorns were dispersed farther,revealing an inconsistent response to seed size during our *** suggest that in some circumstances,multiple seed loading by Blue Jays may favor dispersal in some plant species.

关键词： acorn dispersal Blue Jays Cyanocitta cristata Quercus seed size

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