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Predicting strength distributions of MEMS structures using flaw size and spatial density

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2019年第1期5卷 123-134页

作者： robert f.Cook frank W.DelRio Brad L.Boyce Materials Measurement Science Division Material Measurement LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA Applied Chemicals and Materials Division Material Measurement LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyBoulderCO 80305USA Materials Science and Engineering Center Sandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNM 87185USA

The populations of flaws in individual layers of microelectromechanical systems(MEMS)structures are determined and verified using a combination of specialized specimen geometry,recent probabilistic analysis,and topographic *** distributions of notched and tensile bar specimens are analyzed assuming a single flaw population set by fabrication and common to both specimen *** the average spatial density of flaws and the flaw size distribution are determined and used to generate quantitative visualizations of *** probe-based topographic measurements are used to verify the flaw spacings determined from strength tests and support the idea that grain boundary grooves on sidewalls control MEMS *** findings here suggest that strength controlling features in MEMS devices increase in separation,i.e.,become less spatially dense,and decrease in size,i.e.,become less potent flaws,as processing proceeds up through the layer *** method demonstrated for flaw population determination is directly applicable to strength prediction for MEMS reliability and design.

关键词： strength size structures

Effects of L-arginine,guanidinoacetic acid and L-citrulline supplementation in reduced-protein diets on bone morphology and mineralization of laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 225-234页

作者： Hiep Thi Dao Amy f.Moss Emma J.Bradbury robert A.Swick School of Environmental and Rural Science Faculty of ScienceAgricultureBusiness and LawUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South Wales2351Australia faculty of Animal Science Vietnam National University of AgricultureTrau Quy TownGia Lam DistrictHanoi100000Vietnam Baiada Poultry Pty Limited Pendle HillNew South Wales2145Australia

The alterations in feed ingredients and the nutrient matrix to produce reduced-protein diets may affect bone morphology and mineralization in laying *** study was implemented to determine the effects of L-arginine(Arg),guanidinoacetic acid(GAA),and L-citrulline(Cit)supplementation to Argdeficient reduced-protein diets on bone morphology,strength,and mineralization status of laying *** housed Hy-Line Brown laying hens were evenly distributed to five dietary treatments with 25 replicates per treatment from 20 to 40 wk of *** consisted of a standard protein diet(17%crude protein,SP),a reduced-protein diet deficient in Arg(13%crude protein,RP),and RP supplemented with Arg(0.35%Arg,RP-Arg),GAA(0.46%GAA equivalent to 0.35%Arg,RP-GAA),or Cit(0.35%Cit equivalent to 0.35%Arg,RP-Cit)to reach the Arg level of SP *** fed the SP diet had similar bone weight,ash,length,width,Seedor index,breaking strength,and serum mineral concentration,but higher toe B level(Pfed the RP diet at wk *** fed the SP diet consumed more but also excreted more K and B compared to those fed the RP diet(Pfed the SP diet had lower Cu digestibility(P=0.01)and higher B retention(Pffered the RP *** of Arg,GAA,and Cit to the RP diet increased relative femur weight and length(Pfemur ash,and Zn digestibility(Pf GAA to the RP diet decreased serum Ca,P,and Mg levels,decreased tibia fe and Mg levels and toe Mg level,but increased Al,fe,Zn,and Mn digestibility(Pfindings demonstrated the capacity of laying hens to adapt to low mineral intake by increasing mineral ***,bone morphology and breaking strength,and serum mineral level in laying hens were not influenced by dietary CP *** Arg,GAA,or Cit supplementation were effective in improving bone morphology and

关键词： Ash Breaking strength femur Low protein Minerals Digestibility

Biological Markers on Human Pregnancy

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第1期4卷 56-58页

作者： robert E.CANfIELD JOHN f.O'CONNOR Departments of Medicine Pathology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York New York 10032

This article reviews a selected set of recently described pregnancy-associated proteins which possess potential for both signaling pregnancy onset and monitoring its course. These molecules are compared and contrasted with human chorionic gonadotropin, the first pregnancy-associated protein to be discovered, and the standard biomarker of pregnancy to which all others must still be referenced. Recent advances in hCG research have focused on the structural determination and diagnostic significance of the subunits and fragments of the hCG molecule, particularly in urine. An outline of the potential utility of this approach is also presented.

关键词： Biological Markers on Human Pregnancy

A rare sighting: left atrial appendage thrombus seen on transthoracic echocardiogram

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2021年第3期18卷 238-239页

作者： Jose Ruiz fadi Kandah Maedeh Ganji robert f.Percy Srinivasan Sattiraju Department of Cardiology UF Health JacksonvilleJacksonvilleFlUnited States Department of Internal Medicine UF Health JacksonvilleJacksonvilleFlUnited States

The left atrial appendage(LAA)is the most common site of left atrial thrombus with more than 90%of thrombi formed within this structure.[1]Transesophageal echocardiography(TEE)is the gold standard imaging technique for identifying LAA thrombus,with sensitivity and specificity both of 95%–100%.[1,2]An imaging modality that is used on most cardiac patients is the transthoracic echocardiogram(TTE).While quick and noninvasive,it is not known for its ability to detect left atrial appendage *** a thrombus on TTE is a great advantage as it allows for rapid initiation of anticoagulation and avoidance of cardioversion early in atrial fibrillation *** case demonstrates the rare occurrence of a patient who was found to be in atrial fibrillation in the setting of thyrotoxicosis who was subsequently discovered to have a left atrial appendage thrombus on TTE.

关键词： thrombus atrial structure.

Method for rapid on-site identification of VOCs

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第7期21卷 1005-1008页

作者： Justin D fair William f Bailey robert A felty Amy E Gifford Benjamin Shultes Leslie H Volles Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut 06269-3060 USA. INfICON Inc. 2 Technology Place East Syracuse New York 13057 USA

Rapid on-site identification of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in ambient air is an important first step in remediation efforts. This study describes modification of a commercially available, portable GC/MS system and development of an analysis protocol for rapid （〈 3 min） sampling and identification of VOCs typically found at contaminated sites at the low ppbv level.

关键词： field analysis gas chromatograph mass spectrometer toxic industrial chemicals thermal desorption

Ambient nanoparticles/nanominerals and hazardous elements from coal combustion activity:Implications on energy challenges and health hazards

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Geoscience frontiers 2018年第3期9卷 863-875页

作者： Binoy K.Saikia Jyotilima Saikia Shahadev Rabha Luis f.O.Silva robert finkelman Polymer Petroleum and Coal Chemistry Group Materials Science and Technology DivisionCSIR-North East Institute of Science and TechnologyJorhat785006AssamIndia Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research CSIR-NEIST CampusJorhat785006India Research group in Environmental Management and Sustainability Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversidad de la CostaBarranquillaColombia University of Texas at Dallas RichardsonTXUSA

Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel in the world. Because of the growth of coal mining, coal-fired power plants and coal-burning industries, the increase of the emission of particulates(coarse, fine or ultrafine)is of great concern. There is a relationship between increasing human morbidity and mortality and progressive environmental air pollution caused by these types of particles. Thus, the knowledge of the physico-chemical composition and ambient concentrations of coal-derived nanoparticles will improve pollution control strategy. Given the current importance of this area of research, the advanced characterization of this coal combustion-derived nanoparticles/nanominerals as well as hazardous elements is likely to be one of the hottest research fields in coming days. In this review, we try to compile the existing knowledge on coal-derived nanoparticles/nanominerals and discuss the advanced level of characterization techniques for future research. This review also provides some of aspects of health risks associated with exposure to ambient nanoparticles. In addition, the presence of some of the hazardous elements in coal and coal combustion activities is also reviewed.

关键词： Coal combustion Nanoparticles Nanominerals Hazardous elements Human health Coal energy challenge

Quo vadis carbocatalysis?

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第10期30卷 219-227,I0007页

作者： robert Schlögl Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstr.34-3645470 Mülheim an der RuhrGermany fritz-Haber Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-614195 BerlinGermany

Prologue The rich scientific heritage of Dangsheng Su contains as substantial fraction his contributions to the field of catalysis with nanostructured carbon *** from microstructural analysis it became quickly clear that the richness of morphological and hence surface electronic variations in this class of materials should be suitable for the development of a science base for heterogeneous catalysis.

关键词： materials. catalysis. catalysis

Current surgical treatments for Parkinson's disease and potential therapeutic targets

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第8期13卷 1342-1345页

作者： Darrin J.Lee robert f.Dallapiazza Philippe De Vloo Andres M.Lozano Division of Neurosurgery Toronto Western Hospital Department of Surgery University of Toronto

Currently, the most common surgical treatment for Parkinson＇s disease is deep brain stimulation（DBS）. This treatment strategy is typically reserved for bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor in patients who no longer respond to medication in a predictable manner or who suffer medication-induced dyskinesias. In addition to DBS, ablative procedures like radiofrequency, radiosurgery and focused ultrasound are also utilized for select tremor symptoms. In this review, we discuss evolving surgical techniques, targets, and emerging technology. In addition, we evaluate potential paradigm shifts in treatment, including gene therapy, immunotherapy and cell transplantation. While these new techniques and treatment options are still in their infancy, advances in Parkinson＇s disease treatment are rapidly expanding.

关键词： Parkinson's disease deep brain stimulation pallidotomy thalamotomy focused ultrasound gene therapy immunotherapy cell transplantation

fortuitously discovered liver lesions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第21期19卷 3173-3188页

作者： Christoph f Dietrich Malay Sharma robert N Gibson Schreiber-Dietrich Christian Jenssen Department of Internal Medicine Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim97980 Bad MergentheimGermany Department of Gastroenterology Jaswantrai Speciality HospitalOpposite Sports StadiumMeerut UP 250001India Department of Radiology University of MelbourneRoyal Melbourne HospitalVictoria 3050Australia Dagmar Department of Pediatrics Asklepiosklinik St. AugustinAbt. Neonatologie und P diatrische Intensivmedizin52757 AugustinGermany Klinik für Innere Medizin Krankenhaus Mrkisch Oderland15334 StrausbergGermany

The fortuitously discovered liver lesion is a common problem. Consensus might be expected in terms of its work-up, and yet there is none. This stems in part from the fact that there is no preventive campaign involving the early detection of liver tumors other than for patients with known liver cirrhosis and oncological patients. The work-up (detection and differential diagnosis) of liver tumors comprises theoretical considerations, history, physical examination, laboratory tests, standard ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound techniques, contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS), computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as imageguided biopsy. CEUS techniques have proved to be the most pertinent method; these techniques became part of the clinical routine about 10 years ago in Europe and Asia and are used for a variety of indications in daily clinical practice. CEUS is in many cases the first and also decisive technical intervention for detecting and characterizing liver tumors. This development is reflected in many CEUS guidelines, e.g. , in the European federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EfSUMB) guidelines 2004, 2008 and 2012 as well as the recently published World federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology-EfSUMB guidelines 2012. This article sets out considerations for making a structured work-up of incidental liver tumors feasible.

关键词： Contrast-enhanced ultrasound Hepatocellular carcinoma Hemangioma focal nodular hyperplasia Metastasis Ultrasonography Recommendations Guidelines