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An empirical Study on the Impact of Automation on the Requirements Analysis Process

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2007年第3期22卷 338-347页

作者： Giuseppe Lami robert W.Ferguson Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione"Alessandro Faedo" 1-56124 Pisa Italy Software engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University 15213 PittsburghPAU.S.A.

Requirements analysis is an important phase in a software project. The analysis is often performed in an informal way by specialists who review documents looking for ambiguities, technical inconsistencies and incomplete parts. Automation is still far from being applied in requirements analyses, above all since natural languages are informal and thus difficult to treat automatically. There are only a few tools that can analyse texts. One of them, called QuARS, was developed by the Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell＇Informazione and can analyse texts in terms of ambiguity. This paper describes how QuARS was used in a formal empirical experiment to assess the impact in terms of effectiveness and efficacy of the automation in the requirements review process of a software company.

关键词： requirements/specifications analysis requirements/specifications tools process metrics

Hypoxic training methods for improving endurance exercise performance

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第4期4卷 325-332页

作者： Jacob A. Sinex robert e Chapman School of Public Health Department of Kinesiology Human Performance Laboratory Indiana University Bloomington IN 47401 USA

endurance athletic performance is highly related to a number of fiactors that can be altered through altitude and hypoxic training including increases in erythrocyte volume, maximal aerobic exercise capacity, capillary density, and economy. Physiological adaptations in response to acute and chronic exposure to hypoxic environments are well documented and range from short-term detrimental effects to longer-term adaptations that can improve performance at altitude and in sea-level competitions. Many altitude and hypoxic training protocols have been developed, employing various combinations of living and training at sea-level, low, moderate, and high altitudes and utilizing natural and artificial altitudes, with varying degrees of effectiveness. Several factors have been identified that are associated with individual responses to hypoxic training, and techniques for identifying those athletes most likely to benefit from hypoxic trairdng continue to be investigated. exposure to sufficiently high altitude （2000-3000 m） for more than 12 h/day, while training at lower altitudes, for a minimum of 21 days is recommended. Timing of altitude training related to competition remains under debate, although general recommendations can be considered.

关键词： Altitude Hypoxia Performance Training

Development of a symptom expectation questionnaire for minor head injury

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2011年第6期12卷 499-502页

作者： robert FeRRARI Deon LOUW Department of Medicine University of AlbertaEdmonton

Background and objective:expectations and beliefs are important predictors of outcome following minor head *** this paper,the primary purpose is to develop a simple symptom expectation questionnaire for minor head injury for use in future research ***:An existing database of 179 injury-naive subjects who completed a 56-item checklist of expected symptoms for minor head injury was analyzed to determine which items could correctly identify an a priori case definition of an expecter (a subject who expected at least one of these symptoms would remain chronic following minor head injury).A total of six of the 56 items were found to be discriminatory,and these were tested in additional subject groups against the original ***:From the original database of 179 subjects completing a 56-item symptom expectation checklist,135 expected that at least one of the 56 symptoms would be chronic following minor head *** 135 expecters,however,all chose at least one of six items:headache,anxious or worried,depressed,difficulty concentrating,dizziness,and neck *** these six items,in two new groups of subjects,all those who endorsed one of the 56 symptoms as likely to be chronic following minor head injury (expecters) could also be identified on the 6-item ***:A shortened (6-item) symptom expectation checklist of commonly reported symptoms following minor head injury (headache,anxious or worried,depressed,difficulty concentrating,dizziness,and neck pain) correctly identifies subjects who expect that at least one symptom will be chronic following minor head injury (i.e.,an expecter).

关键词： Minor head iniurv expectation Outcomes

Routine use of thiopurines in maintaining remission in pediatric Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 9185-9190页

作者： Brendan M Boyle Michael D Kappelman Richard B Colletti robert N Baldassano David e Milov Wallace V Crandall Nationwide Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatrics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of Vermont Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Nemours Children’s Clinic

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of thiopurines in maintaining steroid-free remission in routine clinical practice.

关键词： Crohn's disease Pediatric Remission Thiopurines Mercaptopurine

Covering Your Bases： Inheritance of DNA Methylation in Plant Genomes

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Molecular Plant 2014年第3期7卷 472-480页

作者： Chad e. Niederhuth robert J. Schmitz Department of Genetics University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Cytosine methylation is an important base modification that is inherited across mitotic and meiotic cell divisions in plant genomes. Heritable methylation variants can contribute to within-species phenotypic variation. Few methylation variants were known until recently, making it possible to begin to address major unanswered questions： the extent of natural methylation variation within plant genomes, its effects on phenotypic variation, its degree of depend- ence on genotype, and how it fits into an evolutionary context. Techniques like whole-genome bisulfite sequencing （WGBS） make it possible to determine cytosine methylation states at single-base resolution across entire genomes and populations. Application of this method to natural and novel experimental populations is revealing answers to these long-standing questions about the role of DNA methylation in plant genomes.

关键词： DNA methylation epigenetics epiallele whole-genome bisulfite sequencing.

Pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer:A case of the chicken or the egg

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第23期27卷 3148-3157页

作者： Devica S Umans Sanne A Hoogenboom Noor J Sissingh Selma J Lekkerkerker robert C Verdonk Jeanin e van Hooft Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Amsterdam Gastroenterology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCAmsterdam 1105 AZThe Netherlands Department of Research and Development St.Antonius HospitalNieuwegein 3430 EMThe Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden 2333 ZAThe Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology St.Antonius HospitalNieuwegein 3430 EMThe Netherlands

Acute pancreatitis(AP),chronic pancreatitis(CP)and pancreatic cancer are three distinct pancreatic diseases with different prognoses and treatment ***,it may be difficult to differentiate between benign and malignant *** may be a first symptom of pancreatic cancer,particularly in patients between the ages of 56 and 75 with presumed idiopathic AP who had a concomitant diagnosis of new-onset diabetes mellitus or patients who present with CP at diagnosis of *** these patients,additional imaging is warranted,preferably by endoscopic *** may lead to pancreatic cancer through oncogenic mutations,mostly in patients with hereditary CP,and in patients in whom risk factors for pancreatic cancer(e.g.,nicotine and alcohol abuse)are also *** with PRSS1-mediated CP and patients with a history of autosomal dominant hereditary CP without known genetic mutations may be considered for surveillance for pancreatic *** inflammation may mimic pancreatic cancer by appearing as a focal mass-forming lesion on *** between the above mentioned benign and malignant disease may be facilitated by specific features like the duct-penetrating sign and the duct-to-parenchyma *** efforts are aimed towards developing a superior discriminant between pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer in the form of imaging modalities or *** may aid clinicians in timely diagnosing pancreatic cancer in a potentially curable stage.

关键词： Pancreatic diseases Pancreatic neoplasms Pancreatitis Pancreas Chronic Pancreatitis exocrine pancreatic

Tectonic Implications of Paleomagnetic Results From Upper Silurian Series Along the Hexi Corridor, Gansu, China

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Science China Chemistry 1993年第6期36卷 720-728页

作者：孟自芳 robert S. Coe Lanzhou Institute of Geology Academia Sinica Lanzhou 730000 PRC University of California at Santa Cruz USA

Characteristic directions of remanent magnetization of 38 samples from Upper Silurian Series (Hanxia Formation) along the Hexi Corridor passed fold test at a 99% confidence level. The corresponding paleopole is located at 45.1°N, 5.5°e (A_(95)= 4.7°, κ=25.1), close to the Late Permian pole for this area (41.4°N, 358.6°e; A_(95)= 4.3°, κ=26.6). However, there appears an obvious difference between paleolatitudes for these two stages (6°±). Based on paleomagnetic data, it can be deduced that the Hexi Corridor had probably been the western extension of the North China Block by the time of Late Silurian and kept being tectonically mobile compared with the principal parts of the North China Block. In addition, paleomagnetic data reveal that the Hexi Corridor experienced a southward displacement of about 600 km during the Late Paleozoic era.

关键词： Hexi Corridor Upper Silurian Series southward displacement.

A critical analysis of the reported association between vasectomy and frontotemporal dementia

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第6期14卷 903-904页

作者： Tobias S K6hler Jeremy T Choy Anees A Fazili Joel F Koenig robert e Brannigan Division of Urology Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL 62794 USA Department of Urology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL 60611 USA Department of Urology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY 14642 USA

Dear editor, Researchers reported an association between vasectomy and pri- mary progressive aphasia （PPA—a rare variety of frontotemporal dementia） in a 2006 manuscript in Cognitive Behavioral Neurology detailing ...

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Intermediately Complex Models for the Hydrological Interactions in the Atmosphere-Vegetation-Soil System

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第1期23卷 127-140页

作者：曾晓东王爱慧曾庆存 robert e. DICKINSON Xubin ZeNG Samuel S. P. SHeN The University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

This paper investigates the hydrological interactions in the atmosphere-evegetation-soil system by using the bucket model and several new simplified intermediately complex models. The results of mathematical analysis and numerical simulations show that these models, despite their simplicity, can very clearly reveal the essential features of the rather complex hydrological system of atmosphere-ecosystem-soil. For given atmospheric variables, these models clearly demonstrate multiple timescales, the ＂red shift＂ of response spectra, multi-equilibria and limit cycles, bifurcation, abrupt change, self-organization, recovery, ＂desertification＂, and chaos. Most of these agree with observations. especially, the weakening of ＂shading effect＂ of living canopy and the wilted biomass might be a major mechanism leading to the desertification in a relatively short period due to overgrazing, and the desertification in a relatively long period or in climate of change might be due to both Charney＇s mechanism and the shading effect. These ideas could be validated with further numerical simulations. In the paper, some methods for improving the estimation of timescales in the soil water evolution responding to the forcing are also proposed.

关键词： Atmosphere-vegetation-soil system hydrological process multi-equilibria chaos desertification shading effect