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The transcriptional landscape of the developmental switch from regular pollen maturation towards microspore-derived plant regeneration in barley

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The Crop Journal 2024年第4期12卷 1064-1080页

作者： Anna Nowicka Martin Kovacik Anna Maksylewicz Przemysław Kopec ewa Dubas Monika Krzewska Agnieszka springer robert e.hoffie.diaae.din s.daghma Zbynek Milec Ales Pecinka Jochen Kumlehn Iwona Zur The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of sciences Niezapominajek 2130-239 KrakówPoland Institute of experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of sciences Centre of Plant Structural and Functional GenomicsŠlechtitelu3177900 OlomoucCzech Republic Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Faculty of SciencePalacky UniversityŠlechtitelu°2777900 OlomoucCzech Republic Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian University30-387 KrakówPoland Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK)Gatersleben Corrensstraße 306466 Stadt SeelandGermany Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural Crops Julius Kühn Institute(JKI)-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsErwin-Baur Straße 2706484 QuedlinburgGermany Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of sciences Beˇlidla 986/4a60300 BrnoCzech Republic

Plant formation from in vitro-cultivated microspores involves a complex network of internal and environmental ***/doubled haploids(DHs)derived from in vitro-cultured microspores are widely used in plant breeding and genetic ***,the mechanism underlying the developmental switch from regular pollen maturation towards microspore-derived plant regeneration remains poorly ***,RNA-sequencing was employed to elucidate the transcriptional landscapes of four early stages of microspore embryogenesis(Me)in barley cultivars Golden Promise and Igri,which exhibit contrasting responsiveness to microspore-derived plant *** experiments revealed fundamental regulatory networks,specific groups of genes,and transcription factor(TF)families potentially regulating the developmental *** identified a set of candidate genes crucial for genotype-dependent responsiveness/recalcitrance to *** high-resolution temporal transcriptome atlas provides an important resource for future functional studies on the genetic control of microspore developmental transition.

关键词： Hordeum vulgare Marker gene Microspore embryogenesis stress response Transcriptome analysis

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Deterministic epidemic models overestimate the basic reproduction number of observed outbreaks

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第3期9卷 680-688页

作者： Wajid Ali Christopher e.Overton robert R.Wilkinson Kieran J.sharkey Department of Mathematical sciences University of LiverpoolPeach StreetLiverpoolL697ZXEnglandUnited Kingdom Department of Applied Mathematics Liverpool John Moores UniversityByrom StreetLiverpoolL35UXEnglandUnited Kingdom

The basic reproduction number,R_(0),is a well-known quantifier of epidemic ***,a class of existing methods for estimating R_(0)from incidence data early in the epidemic can lead to an over-estimation of this *** particular,when fitting deterministic models to estimate the rate of spread,we do not account for the stochastic nature of epidemics and that,given the same system,some outbreaks may lead to epidemics and some may ***,an observed epidemic that we wish to control is a major *** amounts to implicit selection for major outbreaks which leads to the over-estimation *** formally characterised the split between major and minor outbreaks by using Otsu's method which provides us with a working *** show that by conditioning a‘deterministic’model on major outbreaks,we can more reliably estimate the basic reproduction number from an observed epidemic trajectory.

关键词： estimating R_(0) simple birth-death process Major outbreak Conditioned epidemic stochastic fade-out

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evaluation of a Wireless solar Powered Personal Weather station

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Agricultural sciences 2024年第1期15卷 36-53页

作者： robert J. Lascano Timothy s. Goebel Dennis C. Gitz III John e. stout Cropping systems Research Laboratory Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Unit USDA-ARS Lubbock TX USA

We are evaluating dryland cotton production in Martin County, Texas, measuring cotton lint yield per unit of rainfall. Our goal is to collect rainfall data per 250 - 400 ha. Upon selection of a rainfall gauge, we realized that the cost of using, for example, a tipping bucket-type rain gauge would be too expensive and thus searched for an alternative method. We selected an all-in-one commercially available weather station;hereafter, referred to as a Personal Weather station (PWs) that is both wireless and solar powered. Our objective was to evaluate average measurements of rainfall obtained with the PWs and to compare these to measurements obtained with an automatic weather station (AWs). For this purpose, we installed four PWs deployed within 20 m of the Plant stress and Water Conservation Meteorological Tower that was used as our AWs, located at UsDA-ARs Cropping systems Research Laboratory, Lubbock, TX. In addition, we measured and compared hourly average values of short-wave irradiance (Rsub>gsub>), air temperature (Tsub>airsub>) and relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (Ws), and calculated values of dewpoint temperature (Tsub>dewsub>). This comparison was done over a 242-day period (1 October 2022-31 May 2023) and results indicated that there was no statistical difference in measurements of rainfall between the PWs and AWs. Hourly average values of Rsub>gsub> measured with the PWs and AWs agreed on clear days, but PWs measurements were higher on cloudy days. There was no statistical difference between PWs and AWs hourly average measurements of Tsub>airsub>, RH, and calculated Tsub>dewsub>. Hourly average measurements of Rsub>gsub> and Ws were more variable. We concluded that the PWs we selected will provide adequate values of rainfall and other weather variables to meet our goal of evaluating dryland cotton lint yield per unit rainfall.

关键词： Automation sensors Citizen Weather station Mesonet Rainfall Weather Variables

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An explainable AI framework for robust and transparent data-driven wind turbine power curve models

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energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 312-327页

作者： simon Letzgus Klaus-robert Müller Machine Learning Group Technische Universitβe BerlinStraβe des 17.Juni 135Berlin10623Germany Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data Berlin10587Germany Department of Artificial Intelligence Korea UniversitySeoul136-713South Korea Max Planck Institute for Informatics Saarbrücken66123Germany

In recent years,increasingly complex machine learning methods have become state-of-the-art in modelling wind turbine power curves based on operational *** these methods often exhibit superior performance on test sets,they face criticism due to a perceived lack of transparency and concerns about their robustness in dynamic,non-stationary environments encountered by wind *** this work,we address these issues and present a framework that leverages explainable artificial intelligence methods to gain systematic insights into data-driven power curve *** its core,we propose a metric to quantify how well a learned model strategy aligns with the underlying physical principles of the *** novel tool enables model validation beyond the conventional error metrics in an automated *** demonstrate,for instance,its capacity as an indicator for model generalization even when limited data is ***,it facilitates understanding how decisions made during the machine learning development process,such as data selection,pre-processing,or training parameters,affect learned *** a result,we obtain physically more reasonable models,a prerequisite not only for robustness but also for meaningful insights into turbine operation by domain *** latter,we illustrate in the context of wind turbine performance *** summary,the framework aims to guide researchers and practitioners alike toward a more informed selection and utilization of data-driven wind turbine power curve models.

关键词： explainable AI(XAI) Machine learning Wind energy Wind turbine power curve sCADA Condition monitoring

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Public health importance of light intensity physical activity

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第5期13卷 674-675页

作者： robert Ross Ian Janssen Mark s.Tremblay school of Kinesiology and Health studies Queen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada school of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismQueen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada

*** intensity physical activity(PA)benefits health PA guidelines worldwide recommend that adults accumulate 150 min of moderate intensity or 75 min of vigorous intensity PA(moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA))weekly to achieve health benefits.1-3 Absent from these guidelines are recommendations for light intensity PA(LPA,e.g.,walking at a leisurely pace of 3 km/h or less,equivalent to 1.5-2.9 metabolic equivalents).

关键词： intensity light benefits

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Role of practice standardization in outcome optimization for CDH

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World Journal of Pediatric surgery 2024年第2期7卷 110-118页

作者： Alexandra Dimmer robert Baird Pramod Puligandla Harvey e.Beardmore Division of Pediatric surgery Department of Pediatric SurgeryMontreal Children's HospitalMontrealQuebecCanada Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic surgery British Columbia Children's HospitalVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada Harvey e.Beardmore Department of Pediatric surgery McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada

standardization of care seeks to improve patient outcomes and healthcare delivery by reducing unwanted variations in care as well as promoting the efficient and effective use of healthcare *** are many types of standardization,with clinical practice guidelines(CPGs),based on a stringent assessment of evidence and expert consensus,being the hallmark of high-quality *** article outlines the history of CPGs,their benefits and shortcomings,with a specific focus on standardization efforts as it relates to congenital diaphragmatic hernia management.

关键词： congenital clinical shortcomings

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Alzheimer's disease and low-dose radiation therapy:A new hope

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Radiation Medicine and Protection 2024年第1期5卷 1-6页

作者： Neal e.Dunlap robert P.Friedland Lu Cai Department of Radiation Oncology University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA Department of Neurology The University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA Pediatric Research Institute Departments of PediatricsPharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA

The concept of low-dose radiation(LDR)-induced hormetic responses was initially observed approximately 70 years ago and systematically reviewed along with the discovery of LDR-induced adaptive responses in a cytogenetic in vitro study in *** the end of the 1990s,discussions regarding the potential applications of LDRinduced hormesis and adaptive responses for preventing or treating chronic diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)had taken *** 2016,reports on radiotherapy for the subjects with AD and for genetic AD model mice were ***,several preclinical studies with animal models of AD and clinical studies in AD subjects were conducted.A significant milestone was achieved with the online availability of a new systematic Review based on qualified publications from these preclinical and clinical *** mini-review provides a concise historical introduction to LDR-induced hormesis and adaptive responses with discussion of AD radiotherapy with either LDR or relatively high dose *** of this systematic Review cover promising outcomes,challenges,and new questions,followed by discussion of potential mechanisms.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Low-dose radiation Radiation adaptive response Radiation hormesis

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effects of soil metal(loid)s pollution on microbial activities and environmental risks in an abandoned chemical smelting site

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Journal of environmental sciences 2024年第9期143卷 60-70页

作者： Hao Li Jun Yao Jianli Liu Ning Min Geoffrey sunahara Dongyang Men robert Duran school of Water Resources and environment Research Center of Environmental Science and EngineeringChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Department of Natural Resource sciences McGill University21111Lakeshore DriveSte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebecH9X 3V9Canada equipe environnement et Microbiologie MELODY groupUniversitéde Pau et des Pays de l’AdourE2S-UPPAIPREM UMR CNRS 5254BP 115564013 Pau CedexFrance

Abandoned chemical smelting sites containing toxic substances can seriously threaten and pose a risk to the surrounding ecological *** samples were collected from different depths(0 to 13 m)and analyzed for metal(loid)s content and fractionation,as well as microbial *** potential ecological risk indices for the different soil depths(ordered from high to low)were:1 m(D-1)>surface(s-0)>5 m(D-5)>13 m(D-13)>9 m(D-9),ranging between 1840.65-13,089.62,and representing extremely high environmental risks,of which Cd(and probably not arsenic)contributed to the highest environmental risk.A modified combined pollution risk index(MCR)combining total content and mobile proportion of metal(loid)s,and relative toxicities,was used to evaluate the degree of contamination and potential environmental *** the near-surface samples(s-0 and D-1 layers),the MCR considered that As,Cd,Pb,sb,and Zn achieved high and alarming degrees of contamination,whereas Fe,Mn,and Ti were negligible or low to moderate pollution *** microcalorimetry and enzymatic activity measurements of contaminated soil samples were used to assess the microbial metabolic activity *** analysis elucidated the relationship between metal(loid)s exchangeable fraction or content and microbial activity characteristics(pe microbial metabolic activity in the D-1 layer was low presumably due to heavy metal *** activity indicators and microcalorimetric growth rate(k)measurements were considered sensitive indicators to reflect the soil microbial activities in abandoned chemical smelting sites.

关键词： Abandoned chemical smelting sites Microbial activities Modified combined pollution risk Microcalorimetry enzymatic activities

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Natural parasites in conjunction with behavioral and color traits explain male agonistic behaviors in a lizard

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 59-69页

作者： Rodrigo Megia-Palma Dhanashree Paranjpe robert D.Cooper Pauline Blaimont Barry sinervo Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Parasitology UnitUniversidad de Alcala(UAH)E-28805Alcala de HenaresSpain CIBio Centro de Investigagao em Biodiversidade e Recursos GeneticosInBIO Laboratorio AssociadoCampus de VairaoUniversidade do PortoP-4485-661 VairaoPortugal BIOPOLIs Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de VairaoP-4485-661 VairaoPortugal Rupa Rahul Bajaj Center for environment and Art Empress Botanical GardensKavade MalaPuneIndia Department of ecology and evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Biology University of Houston Downtown1Main St.HoustonTX 77002USA Department of ecology and evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaSanta CruzCA 95064USA

Male competition conforms to a cost-benefit model,because while aggression may increase reproductive prospects,it can also increase the risk of *** hypothesize that an additional cost in aggressive males would be an increase in parasite load associated with a high energy investment into sexual *** of these infections,in turn,may downmodulate the level of host aggression via energetic *** staged dyadic male contests in the lab to investigate the relationships of multiple parasites with the agonistic behavior of lizard hosts,sceloporus *** also included both color and behavioral traits from opponents in the analyses because(1)color patches of lizards may serve as intraspecific signals used by conspecifics to assess the quality of opponents,and(2)contests between male lizards fit classical models of escalated aggression,where lizards increase aggression displays in response to an opponent's *** results conform to our hypothesis because male lizards displayed more pushups when they had more ***,some parasites may modulate the levels of aggression because lizards infected by hematic coccidians performed fewer ***,lizards also displayed fewer pushups when both the chroma and size of the opponent's blue patch were *** results thus also supported the role of the blue patch of *** as a sexual armament,because it contributed to the deterrence of aggression from opponent *** revealed that natural parasitic infections in lizard hosts can contribute to their agonistic *** encourage future studies to account for parasites in behavioral testswithlizards.

关键词： Ixodes pacificus Lankesterella sexual selection social interactions ticks

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The Importance of setting Treatment Goals for Cardiovascular Diseases

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 10-15页

作者： David s. schade Bramara Nagamallika Godasi Teodor Duro robert Philip eaton University of New Mexico Health sciences Albuquerque USA

Background: Guidelines are issued by most major organizations that focus on a specific disease entity. Guidelines should be a significant help to the practicing physician who may not be up-to-date with the recent medical literature. Unfortunately, when conflicting guidelines for a specific disease are published, confusion results. Purpose: This article provides a suggested guideline outcome measure that would benefit the physician and patient. Methods: A review of 19 different guidelines for cardiovascular disease treatment is one example of the lack of specific outcomes that currently exist. The basic problem with most guidelines is that they do not state the expected end result (i.e., the benefit to the patient) if that guideline is followed. When guidelines use cardiovascular disease risk factors to dictate therapy, the end benefit is never stated so that the patient can make an appropriate choice of which (if any) guideline to follow. Results: A good example is guidelines published by the American Heart Association for reducing cardiovascular disease. These guidelines are risk factor based and only indicate that cardiovascular disease would be reduced if followed. No specific percentage in the reduction of the incidence of disease is given. In contrast, when elimination of the disease is the stated goal of the guideline, the end result is clear. To date, this goal has been stated by only one organization devoted to eliminating cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Guidelines need to be written to provide the physician and the patient with a specific end point that is expected when the guideline is followed. Patient acceptance and compliance will be much improved if the patient knows the risk/benefit of following the guideline’s recommendations.

关键词： Guideline Goals for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Pooled Cohort equations

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