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Hepatic manifestations of non-steroidal inflammatory bowel disease therapy

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第27期7卷 2716-2728页

作者： robert Hirten Keith Sultan Ashby Thomas David e Bernstein Division of Gastroenterology North Shore University Hospital--Long Island Jewish Medical Center

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is composed of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and is manifested by both bowel-related and extraintestinal manifestations. Recently the number of therapeutic options available to treat IBD has dramatically increased, with each new medication having its own mechanism of action and side effect profile. A complete understanding of the hepatotoxicity of these medications is important in order to distinguish these complications from the hepatic manifestations of IBD. This review seeks to evaluate the hepatobiliary complications of non-steroid based IBD medications and aide providers in the recognition and management of these side-effects.

关键词： Hepatotoxicity Adverse drug reactions Drug induced

elucidation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome in Western Corn Rootworm Reveals Its Dynamic and evolutionary Complexity

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2021年第5期19卷 800-814页

作者： Xiaozeng Yang elane Fishilevich Marcelo A.German Premchand Gandra robert e.Mcewan André Billion eileen Knorr Andreas Vilcinskas Kenneth e.Narva Beijing Agro-biotechnology Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China Corteva Agriscience Agriculture Division of DowDuPontIndianapolisIN 46268USA University of Nebraska-Lincoln Department of EntomologyLincolnNE 68583USA Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied ecology Department of BioresourcesGiessen 35394Germany

Diabrotica virgifera virgifera(western corn rootworm,WCR)is one of the most destructive agricultural insect pests in North *** is highly adaptive to environmental stimuli and crop protection ***,little is known about the underlying genetic basis of WCR behavior and *** specifically,the involvement of small RNAs(s RNAs),especially micro RNAs(mi RNAs),a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs that regulate various biological processes,has not been examined,and the datasets of putative s RNA sequences have not previously been generated for *** achieve a comprehensive collection of s RNA transcriptomes in WCR,we constructed,sequenced,and analyzed s RNA libraries from different life stages of WCR and northern corn rootworm(NCR),and identified 101 conserved precursor mi RNAs(pre-mi RNAs)in WCR and other *** also identified 277 corn rootworm specific pre-mi *** analyses of s RNA populations in WCR revealed that its s RNA transcriptome,which includes PIWI-interacting RNAs(pi RNAs)and mi RNAs,undergoes a dynamic change throughout insect *** analysis of mi RNA datasets from model species reveals that a large pool of species-specific mi RNAs exists in corn rootworm;these are potentially evolutionarily *** of WCR mi RNA clusters to other insect species highlight conserved mi RNA-regulated processes that are common to *** Analysis of RNA ends(PARe)also uncovered potential mi RNA-guided cleavage sites in ***,this study provides a new resource for studying the s RNA transcriptome and mi RNA-mediated gene regulation in WCR and other Coleopteran insects.

关键词： Western corn rootworm Small RNA MicroRNA Parallel Analysis of RNA ends PIWI-interacting RNA

On the Chow Groups of Certain Cubic Fourfolds

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,english Series 2017年第7期33卷 887-898页

作者： robert LATeRVeeR Institut de Recherche Mathématique Avancée CNRS-Universitd de Strasbourg7 Rue Rene Descartes67084 Strasbourg CedexFrance

This note is about the Chow groups of a certain family of smooth cubic fourfolds. This family is characterized by the property that each cubic fourfold X in the family has an involution such that the induced involution on the Fano variety F of lines in X is symplectic and has a K3 surface S in the fixed locus. The main result establishes a relation between X and S on the level of Chow motives. As a consequence, we can prove finite-dimensionality of the motive of certain members of the family. Keywords Algebraic cycles, Chow groups, motives, cubic fourfolds, hyperkiihler varieties, K3 sur- faces, finite-dimensional motive

关键词： Algebraic cycles Chow groups motives cubic fourfolds hyperk?hler varieties K3 surfaces finite-dimensional motive

Neonatal pre-auricular pits/sinuses: Survey of management strategies by pediatric otolaryngologists

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2012年第2期2卷 181-185页

作者： Richard H. schwartz Vahe Badalyan robert S. Bahadori Departments of Pediatrics InovaFairfaxHospital for Children Falls Church USA Departments of Surgery InovaFairfaxHospital for Children Falls Church USA

Background: Neonatal preauricular pit/sinus is a benign embryologic remnant of the first or second branchial arches. The estimated incidence in the US is 1 to 9/1000 newborns, higher in east Asian babies. Most remain asymptomatic throughout life. Inflammatory complications include discharge of squamous debris, cellulitis, or frank abscess. The purpose of this study was to survey pediatric otolaryngologists in the United States and Canada about management strategies for asymptomatic and symptomatic preauricular pits/sinuses. Study Design: A 15-item structured questionnaire covering questions on demographics, professional experience, and medical and surgical management of congenital preauricular pits/sinuses were sent by e-mail and selectively by regular mail to 273 members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology. Results: 175 of 273 responses (64%) were evaluable. 85% of respondents would simply observe cases of asymptomatic preauricular pit/sinus. Regarding further evaluation, 122 respondents (70%) would not recommend anything other than routine neonatal hearing screen, without need for repeat hearing tests in the first two years of life;34 (19%) would also get BAeR hearing test and a renal ultrasound. If a sinus drains sebaceous material intermittently, 65% of the surveyed pediatric otolaryngologists would recommend excision. Ninety nine percent of pediatric eNT respondents would excise a recurrently infected preauricular sinus. Conclusion: Watchful waiting, without requirement of periodic hearing tests in the first 24 months of life is certainly acceptable for management of neonatal asymptomatic preauricular pit/sinus. There is universal agreement that recurrently infected preauricular sinuses should be referred to a pediatric otolaryngologist for surgical excision of the fistulous tract.

关键词： Pre-Auricular Sinus Pre-Auricular Pit

Photoacoustic detection of circulating melanoma cells in late stage patients

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2020年第6期3卷 47-54页

作者： John A.Viator Marc Hazur Andrea Sajewski Ahmad Tarhini Martin e.Sanders robert H.edgar Department of engineering Duquesne University 600 Forbes Avenue PittsburghPennsylvania 15282USA Department of Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh 3700 O'Hara Street PittsburghPA 15260USA Moffitt Comprehensive Cancer Center and Research Institute 10920 McKinley Drive TampaFlorida 33612USA Acousys Biodevices Inc 1777 Highland Drive Ann ArborMichigan 48108USA

Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer and is responsible for over 7000 deaths in the US *** spread of cancer,or metastasis,is responsible for these deaths,as secondary tumors interrupt normal organ *** tumor cells,or those cells that spread throughout the body from the primary tumor,are thought to be responsible for *** developed an optical method,photoacoustic flow cytometry,in order to detect and enumerate circulating melanoma cells(CMCs)from blood samples of *** tested the blood of StageⅣmelanoma patients to show the ability of the photoacoustic flow cytometer to detect these rare cells in *** then tested the system on archived blood samples from StageⅢmelanoma patients with known outcomes to determine if detection of CMCs can predict future *** detected between 0 and 66 CMCs in StageⅣ*** the StageⅢstudy,we found that of those samples with CMCs,two remained disease free and five developed *** those without CMCs,six remained disease free and one developed *** believe that photoacoustic detection of CMCs provides valuable information for the prediction of metastasis and we postulate a system for more accurate prognosis.

关键词： Diagnosis metastasis optoacoustics

ZmGns,a maize class I β-1,3-glucanase,is induced by biotic stresses and possesses strong antimicrobial activity

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第3期57卷 271-283页

作者： Yu-Rong Xie Yenjit Raruang Zhi-Yuan Chen robert L.Brown Thomas e.Cleveland Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Biotechnology Research Institute the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Southern Regional Research Center USDA-ARS

Plant b-1,3-glucanases are members of the pathogenesis-related protein 2（PR-2） family,which is one of the 17 PR protein families and plays important roles in biotic and abiotic stress *** of the differentially expressed proteins（spot 842） identified in a recent proteomic comparison between five pairs of closely related maize（Zea mays L.） lines differing in aflatoxin resistance was further investigated in the present ***,the corresponding cDNA was cloned from maize and designated as *** encodes a protein of338 amino acids containing a potential signal *** expression of Zm Gns was detectible in all tissues studied with the highest level in *** was significantly induced by biotic stresses including three bacteria and the fungus Aspergillus *** was also induced by most abiotic stresses tested and growth hormones including salicylic *** vivo,ZmGns showed a significant inhibitory activity against thebacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae *** DC3000 and fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea when it overexpressed in *** high level of expression in the silk tissue and its induced expression by phytohormone treatment,as well as by bacterial and fungal infections,suggest it plays a complex role in maize growth,development,and defense.

关键词： β-1 3-Glucanase biological activity expression profiles Zea mays ZmGns

ecological correlates of invasion impact for Burmese pythons in Florida

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第3期7卷 254-270页

作者： robert N.ReeD John D.WILLSON Gordon H.RODDA Michael e.DORCAS US Geological Survey Fort Collins Science CenterFort CollinsColorado Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginia Department of Biology Davidson CollegeDavidsonNorth CarolinaUSA

An invasive population of Burmese pythons(Python molurus bivittatus)is established across several thousand square kilometers of southern Florida and appears to have caused precipitous population declines among several species of native *** has this giant snake had such great success as an invasive species when many established reptiles have failed to spread?We scored the Burmese python for each of 15 literature-based attributes relative to predefined comparison groups from a diverse range of taxa and provide a review of the natural history and ecology of Burmese pythons relevant to each *** focused on attributes linked to spread and magnitude of impacts rather than establishment *** results suggest that attributes related to body size and generalism appeared to be particularly applicable to the Burmese python’s success in *** attributes with the highest scores were:high reproductive potential,low vulnerability to predation,large adult body size,large offspring size and high dietary ***,attributes of ectotherms in general and pythons in particular(including predatory mode,energetic efficiency and social interactions)might have also contributed to invasion *** establishment risk assessments are an important initial step in prevention of new establishments,evaluating species in terms of their potential for spreading widely and negatively impacting ecosystems might become part of the means by which resource managers prioritize control efforts in environments with large numbers of introduced species.

关键词： body size Burmese python Florida invasive species Python molurus

Systemic RNAi in western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, does not involve transitive pathways

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 45-56页

作者： Huarong Li Andrew J. Bowling Premchand Gandra Murugesan Rangasamy Heather e. Pence robert e. Mcewan Chitvan Khajuria Blair D. Siegfried Kenneth e. Narva Dow AgroSciences LLC 9330 Zionsville Rd. Indianapolis Indiana USA Department of entomology University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA Monsanto Company Chesterfield Missouri USA entomology and Nematology Department University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

Western corn rootworm （WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte） is highly sensitive to orally delivered double-stranded RNA （dsRNA）. RNAi in WCR is systemic and spreads throughout the insect body. This raises the question whether transitive RNAi is a mechanism that functions in WCR to amplify the RNAi response via production of secondary siRNA. Secondary siRNA production is achieved through RNA-dependent RNA polymerase （RdRP） activity in other eukaryotic organisms, but RdRP has not been identified in WCR and any other insects. This study visualized the spread of the RNAi- mediated knockdown of Dr v-ATPase C mRNA throughout the WCR gut and other tissues using high-sensitivity branched DNA in situ hybridization. Furthermore, we did not detect either secondary siRNA production or transitive RNAi in WCR through siRNA sequence profile analysis. Nucleotide mismatched sequences introduced into either the sense or antisense strand of v-ATPase C dsRNAs were maintained in siRNAs derived from WCR fed with the mismatched dsRNAs in a strand specific manner. The distribution of all siRNAs was restricted to within the original target sequence regions, which may indicate the lack of new dsRNA synthesis leading to production of secondary siRNA. Thus, the systemic spread of RNAi in WCR may be derived from the original dsRNA molecules taken up from the gut lumen. These results indicate that the initial dsRNA dose is important for a lethal systemic RNAi response in WCR and have implications in developing effective dsRNA traits to control WCR and in resistance management to prolong the durability of RNAi trait technology.

关键词： corn rootworm Diabrotica secondary siRNA production systemic RNAi transitive RNAi

Acetylsalicylic acid supplementation improves protein utilization efficiency while vitamin e supplementation reduces markers of the inflammatory response in weaned pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic ***

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第1期8卷 143-153页

作者： Jae Cheol Kim Bruce P. Mullan John L. Black robert J. e. Hewitt robert J. van Barneveld John R. Pluske School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch WA 6150 Australia Department of Agriculture and Food Pork Innovation South Perth WA 6151 Australia John L Black Consulting Warrimoo NSW 2774 Australia SunPork Farms Solutions Loganholme QLD 4129 Australia Barneveld Nutrition Pry Ltd Loganholme QLD 4129 Australia

Background： This experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that vitamin e（Vit e） and acetylsalicylic acid（ASA）, a cyclooxygenase-2（COX-2） inhibitor, will additively reduce the production of the immunosuppressive molecule prostaglandin e_2（PGe_2） and hence reduce inflammatory responses in weaner pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of e. ***： The experiment was conducted in a research facility with 192 individually-housed male weaner pigs（Landrace × Large White） weighing 6.6 ± 0.04 kg（mean ± SeM）. The pigs were experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of e. coli and were allocated to a 2 × 3 factorial design with the respective factors being without and with 125 ppm ASA and three levels of Vit e supplementation（50, 100 or 200 IU/kg diet, dl-α-tocopheryl acetate）.Results： Acetylsalicylic acid supplementation improved average daily gain（P 〈 0.05） and tended to improve feed：gain ratio（P 〈 0.10） during the first 14 d after weaning. Acetylsalicylic acid supplementation also improved（P 〈 0.001） amino acid utilization efficiency（as assessed by plasma urea level） and tended to decrease（P 〈 0.10） PGe2 production in the liver without affecting smal intestinal histology and tight junction protein mR NA expression in the jejunal epithelium. Vitamin e supplementation greater than 100 IU/kg diet sustained both the plasma Vit e concentration（P 〈 0.001） and plasma haptoglobin content（P 〈 0.001） after weaning. However, there was no additive effects of the combined supplementation of ASA and Vit e on performance, intestinal barrier function and inflammatory responses of weaned ***： Although ASA and vitamin e improved amino acid utilization efficiency and reduced acute inflammatory responses, ASA and vitamin e did not additively reduce production of PGe2 and inflammatory responses in weaner pigs experimental y infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of e. coli.

关键词： Acetylsalicylic acid e.coli infection PGe_2 Vitamin e Weaner pigs