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Reconciling Local and Global Agendas in Sustainable Development: Participatory Research with Indigenous Andean Communities

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Journal of Mountain Science 2006年第4期3卷 334-346页

作者： robert e. Rhoades Virginia Nazarea University of Georgia USA Professor of Anthropology University of Georgia USA

This paper discusses participatory research in the Andes and presents a case study in Cotacachi, ecuador, where sustainability scientists and indigenous people seek common ground in their respective but drastically different research and social agendas. Participatory research based on Andean experiences pre-dated and inspired much of the later international movement in agriculture, health, and conservation. Andean communities have a long history in demanding that outsiders address the needs of the community as a condition for carrying out scientific or applied activities. What an Andean community, however, sees as relevant may or may not be within the rubric of ‘participatory research’ as it is practiced throughout much of the world. In fact, overzealous participatory researchers are just as bothersome as their predecessors bearing long questionnaires. More important to Andean people is an equitable relationship with researchers and developers in which exchanges of value are made. A distinction between ‘enriching’ and ‘extractive’ research is drawn. In the case of the SANReM project in Cotacachi, ecuador, scientists carried out enriching research activities of interest to local people as a wayto generate social capital for conducting basic research which does not have an obvious, immediate local benefit. The requested research did not have a conventional participatory methodology but provided valuable products (educational opportunity, germplasm, community visualization tools, and information) to the indigenous community in exchange for time and resources to conduct research on more basic natural resource questions. We argue that in the Andean context the key to reconciling the needs of scientists and of local needs is seeking new forms of equitable collaboration which reach beyond the present and now somewhat tired discourse of ‘participation’.

关键词： Andes indigenous peoples participatory research sustainability

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Characteristics of Anthropogenic Sulfate and Carbonaceous Aerosols over east Asia: Regional Modeling and Observation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2008年第6期25卷 946-959页

作者： Yan HUANG William L. CHAMeIDeS Qian TAN robert e. DICKINSON School of earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 Nicholas School of the environment and earth Sciences Duke University Durham NC 27708 Goddard earth Sciences and Technology Center University of Maryland Baltimore MD 21228

The authors present spatial and temporal characteristics of anthropogenic sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols over east Asia using a 3-D coupled regional climate-chemistry-aerosol model, and compare the simulation with the limited aerosol observations over the region. The aerosol module consists of SO2, SO4^2-, hydrophobic and hydrophilic black carbon （BC） and organic carbon compounds （OC）, including emission, advections, dry and wet deposition, and chemical production and conversion. The simulated patterns of SO2 are closely tied to its emission rate, with sharp gradients between the highly polluted regions and more rural areas. Chemical conversion （especially in the aqueous phase） and dry deposition remove 60% and 30% of the total SO2 emission, respectively. The SO4^2- shows less horizontal gradient and seasonality than SO2, with wet deposition （60%） and export （27%） being two major sinks. Carbonaceous aerosols are spatially smoother than sulfur species. The aging process transforms more than 80% of hydrophobic BC and OC to hydrophilic components, which are removed by wet deposition （60%） and export （30%）. The simulated spatial and seasonal SO4^2-, BC and OC aerosol concentrations and total aerosol optical depth are generally consistent with the observations in rural areas over east Asia, with lower bias in simulated OC aerosols, likely due to the underestimation of anthropogenic OC emissions and missing treatment of secondary organic carbon. The results suggest that our model is a useful tool for characterizing the anthropogenic aerosol cycle and for assessing its potential climatic and environmental effects in future studies.

关键词： regional climate modeling anthropogenic emission sulfate aerosol black carbon and organic carbon east Asia

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Biological Markers on Human Pregnancy

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Biomedical and environmental Sciences 1991年第1期4卷 56-58页

作者： robert e.CANFIeLD JOHN F.O'CONNOR Departments of Medicine Pathology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York New York 10032

This article reviews a selected set of recently described pregnancy-associated proteins which possess potential for both signaling pregnancy onset and monitoring its course. These molecules are compared and contrasted with human chorionic gonadotropin, the first pregnancy-associated protein to be discovered, and the standard biomarker of pregnancy to which all others must still be referenced. Recent advances in hCG research have focused on the structural determination and diagnostic significance of the subunits and fragments of the hCG molecule, particularly in urine. An outline of the potential utility of this approach is also presented.

关键词： Biological Markers on Human Pregnancy

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eNVIRONMeNTAL LIFe CYCLe ASSeSSMeNT OF ANALOGOUS NeW ZeALAND ‘eXeMPLAR HOUSe’ DeSIGNS

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Journal of Green Building 2013年第4期8卷 127-145页

作者： James e.McDevitt robert W.Allison Sustainable Design Group Wellington 6143New Zealand Manufacturing and Bio-products Group RotoruaNew Zealand

To reduce the environmental impact of residential construction a holistic understanding of the building life cycle is *** Cycle Assessment(LCA)is well suited to the task of calculating the impacts associated with building products and systems so it is used in this study to assess building material options for a typical New Zealand house *** LCA and underlying data adhered to international standards and *** house designs comparing concrete and timber flooring,steel and timber framing and fibre cement and timber cladding were *** different designs were modified to have the same thermal performance using NZS4214:*** the difference in environmental performance can be attributed to the wooden building *** steel with timber framing results in a 20–30%decrease in global warming emissions,eutrophication and photochemical oxidation,but an increase in land and water *** concrete with timber flooring results in a similar trend but there is a significant reduction of solid *** fibre cement cladding with timber weatherboards yielded had little difference on the *** is an over-simplification to focus on environmental performance as other building product characteristics are important.

关键词： Life Cycle Assessment New Zealand residential construction material selection sustainability timber concrete steel fibre cement

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Predicting the coefficient of friction in a sliding contact by applying machine learning to acoustic emission data

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Friction 2024年第6期12卷 1299-1321页

作者： robert GUTIeRReZ Tianshi FANG robert MAINWARING Tom ReDDYHOFF Tribology Group Department of Mechanical EngineeringImperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondon SW72AZUK Shell Global Solutions(US)Inc.Shell Technology Center Houston 3333 Highway 6 SouthHoustonTX 77082USA Shell International Petroleum Company Limited Shell CentreYork RoadLondon SE17NAUK

It is increasingly important to monitor sliding interfaces within machines,since this is where both energy is lost,and failures *** emission(Ae)techniques offer a way to monitor contacts remotely without requiring transparent or electrically conductive ***,acoustic data from sliding contacts is notoriously complex and difficult to ***,we simultaneously measure coefficient of friction(with a conventional force transducer)and acoustic emission(with a piezoelectric sensor and high acquisition rate digitizer)produced by a steel‒steel rubbing *** data is then used to train machine learning(ML)algorithms(e.g.,Gaussian process regression(GPR)and support vector machine(SVM))to correlated acoustic emission with *** training requires the dense Ae data to first be reduced in size and a range of processing techniques are assessed for this(e.g.,down-sampling,averaging,fast Fourier transforms(FFTs),histograms).Next,fresh,unseen Ae data is given to the trained model and the resulting friction predictions are compared with the directly measured *** is excellent agreement between the measured and predicted friction when the GPR model is used on Ae histogram data,with root mean square(RMS)errors as low as 0.03 and Pearson correlation coefficients reaching ***,predictions remain accurate despite changes in test conditions such as normal load,reciprocating frequency,and stroke *** paves the way for remote,acoustic measurements of friction in inaccessible locations within machinery to increase mechanical efficiency and avoid costly failure/needless maintenance.

关键词： acoustic emission condition monitoring friction machine learning Gaussian process regression support vector machine

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Generation and Propagation of an Urban Flash Flood and Our Collective Responsibilities

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Journal of earth Science 2022年第6期33卷 1624-1628页

作者： robert e.Criss eric M.Stein David L.Nelson Department of earth and Planetary Sciences Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO 63130USA 7427 Chamberlain Ave. University CitySt.LouisMO 63130USA 470 Columbia Circle PasadenaCA 91105USA

0 INTRODUCTION Destructive flash flooding is a growing global problem,with dangers being particularly acute in densely populated urban areas. The intensity of rainfall events is increasing, creating high runoff rates ... 详细信息

关键词： Flash flash Generation

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Has Axial Spin Decline Affected earth's Geologic and Tectonic History?

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Journal of earth Science 2022年第5期33卷 1333-1336页

作者： Anne M.Hofmeister robert e.Criss Timothy M.Kusky Department of earth and Planetary Science Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO63130USA State Key Laboratory for Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Center for Global TectonicsSchool of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Badong National Observatory and Research Station for Geohazards China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China

0 INTRODUCTION Among the rocky planets,only earth remains active 4.5 Ga after ***,only earth has a chemically and structurally complex,bimodal surface with unequivocal horizontal *** unique plate motions are currently... 详细信息

关键词： earth formation mantle

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Method for rapid on-site identification of VOCs

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第7期21卷 1005-1008页

作者： Justin D Fair William F Bailey robert A Felty Amy e Gifford Benjamin Shultes Leslie H Volles Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut 06269-3060 USA. INFICON Inc. 2 Technology Place East Syracuse New York 13057 USA

Rapid on-site identification of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in ambient air is an important first step in remediation efforts. This study describes modification of a commercially available, portable GC/MS system and development of an analysis protocol for rapid （〈 3 min） sampling and identification of VOCs typically found at contaminated sites at the low ppbv level.

关键词： field analysis gas chromatograph mass spectrometer toxic industrial chemicals thermal desorption

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The liberatory thought of Martin Luther King Jr.

The liberatory thought of Martin Luther King Jr.

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作者： (1952-)Birt robert e.

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P-Lite: A study of parallel coordinate plot literacy

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Visual Informatics 2022年第3期6卷 81-99页

作者： elif e.Firat Alena Denisova Max L.Wilson robert S.Laramee School of Computer Science University of NottinghamUK Department of Computer Science University of YorkUK

Visualization literacy,the ability to interpret and comprehend visual designs,is recognized as an essential skill by the visualization *** identify and investigate barriers to comprehending parallel coordinates plots(PCPs),one of the advanced graphical representations for the display of multivariate and high-dimensional *** develop a parallel coordinates literacy test with diverse images generated using popular PCP software *** test improves PCP literacy and evaluates the user’s literacy *** introduce an interactive educational tool that assists the teaching and learning of parallel coordinates by offering a more active learning *** this pedagogical tool,we aim to advance novice users’parallel coordinates literacy *** on the hypothesis that an interactive tool that links traditional Cartesian Coordinates with PCPs interactively will enhance PCP literacy further than static slides,we compare the learning experience using traditional slides with our novel software tool and investigate the efficiency of the educational software with an online,crowdsourced ***-study results show that our pedagogical tool positively impacts a user’s PCP comprehension.

关键词： Human-centered computing Visualization systems and tool empirical studies in visualization

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