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Natural parasites in conjunction with behavioral and color traits explain male agonistic behaviors in a lizard

Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 59-69页

作者： Rodrigo Megia-Palma dhanashree Paranjpe robert d.cooper Pauline Blaimont Barry Sinervo department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Parasitology UnitUniversidad de Alcala(UAH)E-28805Alcala de HenaresSpain CIBio Centro de Investigagao em Biodiversidade e Recursos GeneticosInBIO Laboratorio AssociadoCampus de VairaoUniversidade do PortoP-4485-661 VairaoPortugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de VairaoP-4485-661 VairaoPortugal Rupa Rahul Bajaj Center for Environment and Art Empress Botanical GardensKavade MalaPuneIndia department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA department of Biology University of Houston Downtown1Main St.HoustonTX 77002USA department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaSanta CruzCA 95064USA

Male competition conforms to a cost-benefit model,because while aggression may increase reproductive prospects,it can also increase the risk of *** hypothesize that an additional cost in aggressive males would be an increase in parasite load associated with a high energy investment into sexual *** of these infections,in turn,may downmodulate the level of host aggression via energetic *** staged dyadic male contests in the lab to investigate the relationships of multiple parasites with the agonistic behavior of lizard hosts,Sceloporus *** also included both color and behavioral traits from opponents in the analyses because(1)color patches of lizards may serve as intraspecific signals used by conspecifics to assess the quality of opponents,and(2)contests between male lizards fit classical models of escalated aggression,where lizards increase aggression displays in response to an opponent's *** results conform to our hypothesis because male lizards displayed more pushups when they had more ***,some parasites may modulate the levels of aggression because lizards infected by hematic coccidians performed fewer ***,lizards also displayed fewer pushups when both the chroma and size of the opponent's blue patch were *** results thus also supported the role of the blue patch of *** as a sexual armament,because it contributed to the deterrence of aggression from opponent *** revealed that natural parasitic infections in lizard hosts can contribute to their agonistic *** encourage future studies to account for parasites in behavioral testswithlizards.

关键词： Ixodes pacificus Lankesterella sexual selection social interactions ticks

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Sarcopenic obesity in patients awaiting liver transplant: Unique challenges for nutritional recommendations

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 40-47页

作者： darya M Herscovici Katherine M cooper Alessandro Colletta Michelle Rightmyer Alexandra Shingina Lauren d Feld department of Medicine UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States division of Transplant Nutrition UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37215United States division of Gastroenterology UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States

Sarcopenic obesity increases the risk of mortality in patients with liver disease awaiting liver transplantation and in the post-transplant *** recommendations for individuals with sarcopenia differ from recommendations for patients with obesity or sarcopenic *** these nutrition guidelines have been established in non-cirrhotic patients,established guidelines for liver transplant candidates with sarcopenic obesity are *** this paper,we review existing literature on sarcopenic obesity in patients with chronic liver disease and address opportunities to improve nutritional counseling in patients awaiting liver transplantation.

关键词： Nutrition Sarcopenia Sarcopenic obesity Liver transplant Cirrhosis Chronic liver disease Body composition Myostatin

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Customized scaffolds for large bone defects using 3d‑printed modular blocks from 2d‑medical images

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Bio-design and Manufacturing 2024年第1期7卷 74-87页

作者： Anil AAcar Evangelos daskalakis Paulo Bartolo Andrew Weightman Glen cooper Gordon Blunn Bahattin Koc Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci UniversityIstanbul 34956Türkiye d Bioprinting Laboratory Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application CenterIstanbul 34956Türkiye School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringManchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Singapore Centre for 3d Printing School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12UPUK

Additive manufacturing(AM)has revolutionized the design and manufacturing of patient-specific,three-dimensional(3d),complex porous structures known as scaffolds for tissue engineering *** use of advanced image acquisition techniques,image processing,and computer-aided design methods has enabled the precise design and additive manufacturing of anatomically correct and patient-specific implants and ***,these sophisticated techniques can be timeconsuming,labor-intensive,and ***,the necessary imaging and manufacturing equipment may not be readily available when urgent treatment is needed for trauma *** this study,a novel design and AM methods are proposed for the development of modular and customizable scaffold blocks that can be adapted to fit the bone defect area of a *** modular scaffold blocks can be combined to quickly form any patient-specific scaffold directly from two-dimensional(2d)medical images when the surgeon lacks access to a 3d printer or cannot wait for lengthy 3d imaging,modeling,and 3d printing during *** proposed method begins with developing a bone surface-modeling algorithm that reconstructs a model of the patient’s bone from 2d medical image measurements without the need for expensive 3d medical imaging or *** algorithm can generate both patient-specific and average bone ***,a biomimetic continuous path planning method is developed for the additive manufacturing of scaffolds,allowing porous scaffold blocks with the desired biomechanical properties to be manufactured directly from 2d data or *** algorithms are implemented,and the designed scaffold blocks are 3d printed using an extrusion-based AM *** and instructions are also provided to assist surgeons in assembling scaffold blocks for the self-repair of patient-specific large bone defects.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Modular scaffolds Large bone defect Customized scaffold design Patient-specific scaffolds

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Predicting the coefficient of friction in a sliding contact by applying machine learning to acoustic emission data

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Friction 2024年第6期12卷 1299-1321页

作者： robert GUTIERREZ Tianshi FANG robert MAINWARING Tom REddYHOFF Tribology Group Department of Mechanical EngineeringImperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondon SW72AZUK Shell Global Solutions(US)Inc.Shell Technology Center Houston 3333 Highway 6 SouthHoustonTX 77082USA Shell International Petroleum Company Limited Shell CentreYork RoadLondon SE17NAUK

It is increasingly important to monitor sliding interfaces within machines,since this is where both energy is lost,and failures *** emission(AE)techniques offer a way to monitor contacts remotely without requiring transparent or electrically conductive ***,acoustic data from sliding contacts is notoriously complex and difficult to ***,we simultaneously measure coefficient of friction(with a conventional force transducer)and acoustic emission(with a piezoelectric sensor and high acquisition rate digitizer)produced by a steel‒steel rubbing *** data is then used to train machine learning(ML)algorithms(e.g.,Gaussian process regression(GPR)and support vector machine(SVM))to correlated acoustic emission with *** training requires the dense AE data to first be reduced in size and a range of processing techniques are assessed for this(e.g.,down-sampling,averaging,fast Fourier transforms(FFTs),histograms).Next,fresh,unseen AE data is given to the trained model and the resulting friction predictions are compared with the directly measured *** is excellent agreement between the measured and predicted friction when the GPR model is used on AE histogram data,with root mean square(RMS)errors as low as 0.03 and Pearson correlation coefficients reaching ***,predictions remain accurate despite changes in test conditions such as normal load,reciprocating frequency,and stroke *** paves the way for remote,acoustic measurements of friction in inaccessible locations within machinery to increase mechanical efficiency and avoid costly failure/needless maintenance.

关键词： acoustic emission condition monitoring friction machine learning Gaussian process regression support vector machine

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data-driven analysis of chemicals,proteins and pathways associated with peanut allergy:from molecular networking to biological interpretation

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1322-1335页

作者： Emmanuel Kemmler Julian Braun Florent Fauchère Sabine dölle-Bierke Kirsten Beyer robert Preissner Margitta Worm Priyanka Banerjee Institute for Physiology Charité-University Medicine BerlinBerlin 10115Germany Member of the KFO339 FOOD@Berlin 10115Germany Si-M/“der Simulierte Mensch”a science framework of Technische Universität Berlin and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin 10115Germany Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt-Universität zu Berlinand Berlin Institute of HealthBerlin 10115Germany division of Allergy and Immunology Department of DermatologyVenerology and AllergyCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlin 10115Germany Pediatrics Campus VirchowCharité-University Medicine BerlinBerlin 10115Germany

Peanut allergy is majorly related to severe food induced allergic *** food including cow's milk,hen's eggs,soy,wheat,peanuts,tree nuts(walnuts,hazelnuts,almonds,cashews,pecans and pistachios),fish and shellfish are responsible for more than 90%of food ***,we provide promising insights using a large-scale data-driven analysis,comparing the mechanistic feature and biological relevance of different ingredients presents in peanuts,tree nuts(walnuts,almonds,cashews,pecans and pistachios)and ***,we have analysed the chemical compositions of peanuts in different processed form raw,boiled and *** the data-driven approach we are able to generate new hypotheses to explain why nuclear receptors like the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPARs)and its isoform and their interaction with dietary lipids may have significant effect on allergic *** results obtained from this study will direct future experimeantal and clinical studies to understand the role of dietary lipids and PPARisoforms to exert pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory functions on cells of the innate immunity and influence antigen presentation to the cells of the adaptive immunity.

关键词： Allergy informatics Knowledge-graph data analysis Food allergy Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors Fatty acids

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Exploring the effects of coronary artery disease as a preexisting comorbidity on mortality in hospitalized septic patients:a retrospective observation study

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 47-51页

作者： Anmol Multani Greg Stahl Kerry Johnson Scott Goade robert d.Arnce College of Osteopathic Medicine Kansas City UniversityJoplinMOUSA department of data Improvement Freeman Health SystemJoplinMOUSA department of Mathematics Missouri Southern State UniversityJoplinMOUSA department of Pharmacy Freeman Health SystemJoplinMOUSA

Background:Sepsis has high prevalence and mortality rate,and it is imperative to identify populations at risk of poor sepsis *** patients with preexisting chronic comorbidities are shown to have worse sepsis *** identifying comorbidities with greater influence on sepsis progression,we can direct limited resources to septic patients with comorbidities and reduce health care *** comorbidities can impact the risk of developing sepsis and having worse *** artery disease(CAd)is a common comorbidity,especially in the elderly,and a leading cause of death *** wished to investigate the influence of CAd as a comorbidity on sepsis and hypothesized that preexisting CAd would increase mortality in hospitalized septic ***:We conducted retrospective observational study using patient data from Freeman Health System in Joplin,*** analyzed patient records from Freeman Health System database from January 1,2019,to June 30,*** patients were identified using the International Classification of diseases,Tenth Revision sepsis *** identify septic patients with preexisting CAd,we used International Classification of diseases,Tenth Revision codes for *** compared mortality rates for septic patients with and without ***:Two-sample proportion test was conducted to test the difference in mortality between septic patients with and without preexisting *** difference in mortality for the total population was−0.016(P=0.553).In the male and female subgroups,the differences in mortality were 0.0122(P=0.739)and−0.0511(P=0.208),*** differences in mortality in patients aged 40 to 64 years and 65 years and older were−0.0077(P=0.870)and 0.0007(P=0.983),*** statistical tests failed to find significant differences when comparing septic patients with and without preexisting *** was no significant difference in the age and sex ***:Our study showed that CAd alone was n

关键词： Comorbidity Coronary artery disease Inflammation Mortality rate in sepsis prognosis Sepsis

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Optical measurements of dissolved organic matter as proxies for COd_(Mn)and BOd_(5)in plateau lakes

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第3期19卷 132-138页

作者： Xuan Yang Yongqiang Zhou Xiaoying Yang Yunlin Zhang robert G.M.Spencer Justin d.Brookes Erik Jeppesen Hucai Zhang Qichao Zhou Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes School of Ecology and Environmental SciencesYunnan UniversityKunming650500China Institute of International River and Eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunming650500China Zhejiang College of Security Technology Wenzhou325016China Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and EnvironmentNanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210008China department of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahassee32306United States Water Research Centre School of Biological ScienceThe University of AdelaideAdelaide5005Australia department of Ecoscience Aarhus UniversityAarhus8000Denmark Sino-danish Centre for Education and Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Limnology Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and ImplementationMiddle East Technical UniversityAnkara06800Turkey Institute of Marine Sciences Middle East Technical UniversityErdemliMersin33731Turkey Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed Yunnan Research Academy of Eco-environmental SciencesKunming650034China

The presence of organic matter in lakes profoundly impacts drinking water supplies,yet treatment processes involving coagulants and disinfectants can yield carcinogenic disinfection *** assessments of organic matter,such as chemical oxygen demand(COd_(Mn))and biochemical oxygen demand(BOd_(5)),are often ***,optical measurements of dissolved organic matter(dOM)offer a rapid and reliable means of obtaining organic matter composition *** we employed dOM optical measurements in conjunction with parallel factor analysis to scrutinize COd_(Mn)and BOd_(5)*** was performed using an independent dataset encompassing six lakes on the Yungui Plateau from 2014 to 2016(n=256).Leveraging multiple linear regressions(MLRs)applied to dOM absorbance at 254 nm(a254)and fluorescence components C1-C5,we successfully traced COd_(Mn)and BOd_(5)variations across the entire plateau(68 lakes,n=271,R^(2)>0.8,PdOM optical indices yielded superior estimates(higher R^(2))of COd_(Mn)and BOd_(5)during the rainy season compared to the dry season and demonstrated increased accuracy(R^(2)>0.9)in mesotrophic lakes compared to oligotrophic and eutrophic *** study underscores the utility of MLR-based dOM indices for inferring COd_(Mn)and BOd_(5)variability in plateau lakes and highlights the potential of integrating in situ and remote sensing platforms for water pollution early warning.

关键词： dissolved organic matter Chemical oxygen demand Biochemical oxygen demand Water quality Yungui plateau lakes

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Actuating droplets with electrowetting: Force and dynamics

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droplet 2024年第2期3卷 113-124页

作者： robert Hennig Vito Cacucciolo Herbert Shea Soft Transducers Laboratory(LMTS) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)NeuchatelSwitzerland Politecnico di Bari BariItaly

Electrowetting on dielectric(EWOd)allows rapid movement of liquid droplets on a smooth surface,with applications ranging from lab-on-chip devices to *** in-plane force on a droplet is a key indicator of EWOd *** force has been extensively modeled but few direct experimental measurements are *** study the EWOd force on a droplet using two setups that allow,for the first time,the simultaneous measurement of force and contact angle,while imaging the droplet shape at 6000 frames/*** several liquids and surfaces,we observe that the force saturates at a voltage of approximately 150 *** of voltages of up 2 kV,that is,10 times higher than is typical,does not significantly increase forces beyond the saturation ***,we observe that the transient dynamics,localized at the front contact line,do not show saturation with *** the higher voltages,the initial front contact line speed continues to increase,the front contact angle temporarily becomes near zero,creating a thin liquid film,and capillary waves form at the liquid–air *** the localized EWOd forces at the contact line exceed the capillary forces,projectile droplets *** surface tension allows for higher droplet forces,which we demonstrate with mercury.

关键词： capillary forces dynamics

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Effects of soil metal(loid)s pollution on microbial activities and environmental risks in an abandoned chemical smelting site

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 60-70页

作者： Hao Li Jun Yao Jianli Liu Ning Min Geoffrey Sunahara dongyang Men robert duran School of Water Resources and Environment Research Center of Environmental Science and EngineeringChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University21111Lakeshore DriveSte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebecH9X 3V9Canada Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie MELODY groupUniversitéde Pau et des Pays de l’AdourE2S-UPPAIPREM UMR CNRS 5254BP 115564013 Pau CedexFrance

Abandoned chemical smelting sites containing toxic substances can seriously threaten and pose a risk to the surrounding ecological *** samples were collected from different depths(0 to 13 m)and analyzed for metal(loid)s content and fractionation,as well as microbial *** potential ecological risk indices for the different soil depths(ordered from high to low)were:1 m(d-1)>surface(S-0)>5 m(d-5)>13 m(d-13)>9 m(d-9),ranging between 1840.65-13,089.62,and representing extremely high environmental risks,of which Cd(and probably not arsenic)contributed to the highest environmental risk.A modified combined pollution risk index(MCR)combining total content and mobile proportion of metal(loid)s,and relative toxicities,was used to evaluate the degree of contamination and potential environmental *** the near-surface samples(S-0 and d-1 layers),the MCR considered that As,Cd,Pb,Sb,and Zn achieved high and alarming degrees of contamination,whereas Fe,Mn,and Ti were negligible or low to moderate pollution *** microcalorimetry and enzymatic activity measurements of contaminated soil samples were used to assess the microbial metabolic activity *** analysis elucidated the relationship between metal(loid)s exchangeable fraction or content and microbial activity characteristics(pd-1 layer was low presumably due to heavy metal *** activity indicators and microcalorimetric growth rate(k)measurements were considered sensitive indicators to reflect the soil microbial activities in abandoned chemical smelting sites.

关键词： Abandoned chemical smelting sites Microbial activities Modified combined pollution risk Microcalorimetry Enzymatic activities

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High Impact Polylactide Based on Organosilicon Nucleation Agent

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第6期42卷 787-797页

作者： daria Pakuła Bogna Sztorch Eliza Romańczuk-Ruszuk Bogdan Marciniec robert E.Przekop Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 861-614PoznańPoland Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 1061-614PoznańPoland Institute of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBialystok University of TechnologyWiejska 45C15-351BialystokPoland

Various sectors of the industry are searching for new materials with specific requirements,providing improved *** study presents novel composite materials based on polylactide that have been modified with the organosilicon compound,(3-thiopropyl)polysilsesquioxane(SSQ-SH).The SSQ-SH compound is a mixture of cage structures and not fully condensed random *** composite materials were obtained through injection *** study includes a comprehensive characterization of the new materials that analyze their functional properties,such as rheology(MFR),mechanical strength(tensile strength,Charpy impact strength),and thermal *** microscopic photos were also taken to analyze the microstructure of the *** addition of a 5%by-weight organosilicon compound to polylactide resulted in a significant increase in MFR by 73.8%compared to the neat *** greatest improvement in impact strength was achieved for the 5%SSQ-SH/PLA composite,increasing it by 32.0 kJ/m^(2)compared to PLA,which represents an increase of up to 187%.The conducted research confirms the possibility of modifying the properties of the polymer by employing organosilicon compounds.

关键词： Octa(3-thiopropyl)silsesquioxane 8SH-POSS Polylactide(PLA) Injection moulding Composites

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