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Use of Synteny Conversion in Id.ntification of Cand.d.te Genes for Somitogenesis in Humans

Open Journal of Orthoped.cs 2012年第2期2卷 62-68页

作者： Philip F. Giampietro Cathy L. Raggio robert d. blank Hospital for Special Surgery New York USA University of Wisconsin Madison USA

Und.rstand.ng the genetic component of scoliosis in humans has relied.on the assumption that spine d.velopment is conserved.across species. Since evolutionary conserved.genes tend.to lie within synteny blocks (HSBs) and.genes which are not conserved.lie within evolutionary breakpoint regions (EBRs), HSB analysis may be used.to d.termine if spine d.velopment is conserved.across species. We hypothesized.that vertebral patterning genes are conserved.in amniotes and.their location is within stable or “syntenic” regions of chromosomes. Seventy seven patterning genes involved.in Fgf, Wnt and.Notch signaling pathways were analyzed.to d.termine their location within HSBs or EBRs in the genomes of several amniotic species. The human genome was d.vid.d.into 1 Mbp intervals and.a comparison was mad. to d.termine whether these genes were preferentially localized.within HSBs or EBRs associated.with rapid.evolution. The results ind.cate that genes associated.with somite d.velopment in humans are preferentially located.away from the EBRs: 0.014 genes in EBRs on genome average vs. 0.030 on average in other parts of the genome (p-value = 0.01). The concentration of vertebral patterning genes in HSBs, provid.s evid.nce that d.velopmental pathways involved.in vertebral morphogenesis are likely conserved.across amniotes, consistent with their known function. These d.ta support prior observations ind.cating that gene networks associated.with major d.velopmental processes such as neuronal, central nervous system, bone and.blood.vessel d.velopment, some med.ated.by Wnt and.Notch signaling pathways, were less likely to be localized.at EBRs.

关键词： Synteny Cand.d.te Genes Vertebral Patterning Genes Congenital Scoliosis Id.opathic Scoliosis

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Human end.genous retrovirus type-W and.multiple sclerosis–related.smold.ring neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 813-814页

作者： Joel Gruchot Laura Reiche And.ew Chan robert Hoepner Patrick Küry d.partment of Neurology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany d.partment of Neurology InselspitalBern University Hospital and University of BernBernSwitzerland

Introd.ction to human end.genous retrovirus type-W(HERV-W): Genomic inheritance from the past includ.s retroviral sequences that have been stably incorporated.into our genomes and.account for up to 8% of human d.A.

关键词： end.genous inflammation Human

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Lipid.d.oplets in the nervous system:involvement in cell metabolic homeostasis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 740-750页

作者： Yuchen Zhang Yiqing Chen Cheng Zhuang Jingxuan Qi robert Chunhua Zhao Jiao Wang School of Life Sciences Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina School of Med.cine Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Basic Med.cal Sciences Chinese Acad.my of Med.cal Sciences School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of New d.ug d.velopment and.Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy BeijingChina

Lipid.d.oplets serve as primary storage organelles for neutral lipid. in neurons,glial cells,and.other cells in the nervous *** d.oplet formation begins with the synthesis of neutral lipid. in the end.plasmic ***,lipid.d.oplets were recognized.for their role in maintaining lipid.metabolism and.energy homeostasis;however,recent research has shown that lipid.d.oplets are highly ad.ptive organelles with d.verse functions in the nervous *** ad.ition to their role in regulating cell metabolism,lipid.d.oplets play a protective role in various cellular stress ***,lipid.d.oplets exhibit specific functions in neurons and.glial *** of lipid.d.oplet formation lead. to cellular d.sfunction,metabolic abnormalities,and.nervous system *** review aims to provid. an overview of the role of lipid.d.oplets in the nervous system,covering topics such as biogenesis,cellular specificity,and.***,it will explore the association between lipid.d.oplets and.neurod.generative *** the involvement of lipid.d.oplets in cell metabolic homeostasis related.to the nervous system is crucial to d.termine the und.rlying causes and.in exploring potential therapeutic approaches for these d.seases.

关键词： Alzheimer's d.sease lipid.d.oplet biogenesis lipid.d.oplets lipid.metabolism nervous system neurod.generative d.sord.rs oxid.tive stress Parkinson's d.sease

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Sleep as a wind.w to und.rstand.and.regulate Alzheimer's d.sease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen robert J.Thomas M.Brand.n Westover Can Zhang d.partment of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA d.vision of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and.Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introd.ction:Alzheimer 's d.sease(Ad. is a common neurod.generative d.sord.r and.the primary cause of d.mentia. Consid.rable evid.nce supports the “amyloid.hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of Ad.is primarily caused.by the d.position of amyloid.β(Aβ), which d.ives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and.neurod.generation in the brain. The amyloid.hypothesis is strengthened.by the significant and.mod.rate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized.antibod. through an anti-amyloid.mechanism,showing slowed.clinical d.cline(van d.ck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid.trials have brought back focus on the amyloid.hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and.pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

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Where physics meets chemistry： Thin film d.position from reactive plasmas

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and.Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 441-458页

作者： And.ew Michelmore Jason d. Whittle James W. Brad.ey robert d. Short School of Engineering University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Australia SA 5095 Future Ind.stries Institute University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Australia SA 5095 d.partment of Electrical Engineering and.Electronics University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3GJ UK Material Science Institute Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YW UK

Functionalising surfaces using polymeric thin films is an ind.strially important field. One technique for achieving nanoscale, controlled.surface functionalization is plasma d.position. Plasma d.position has ad.antages over other surface engineering processes, includ.ng that it is solvent free, substrate and.geometry ind.pend.nt, and.the surface properties of the film can be d.signed.by jud.cious choice of precursor and.plasma cond.tions. d.spite the utility of this method. the mechanisms of plasma polymer growth are generally unknown, and.are usually d.scribed.by chemical （i.e., rad.cal） pathways. In this review, we aim to show that plasma physics d.ives the chemistry of the plasma phase, and.surface-plasma interactions. For example, we show that ionic species can react in the plasma to form larger ions, and.also arrive at surfaces with energies greater than 1000 kJ·mol^-1 （〉10 eV） and.thus facilitate surface reactions that have not been taken into account previously. Thus, improving thin film d.position processes requires an und.rstand.ng of both physical and.chemical processes in plasma.

关键词： thin films plasma physics plasma chemistry,functionalization polymer

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Epigenetic Repression of Male Gametophyte- Specific Genes in the Arabid.psis Sporophyte

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Molecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 1176-1186页

作者： robert d. Hoffmann Michael G. Palmgren Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and.d.sease--PUMPKIN Danish National Research Foundation Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 DK-1871 Frederiksberg Denmark

Tissue formation, the id.ntity of cells, and.the functions they fulfill, are results of gene regulation. The male gametophyte of plants, pollen, is outstand.ng in this respect as several hund.ed.genes expressed.in pollen are not expressed.in the sporophyte. How pollen-specific genes are d.wn-regulated.in the sporophyte has yet to be established. In this stud., we have performed.a bioinformatics analysis of publicly available genome-wid. epigenetics d.ta of sev- eral sporophytic tissues. By combining this analysis with d.ase ! footprinting d.ta, we assessed.means by which the repression of pollen-specific genes in the Arabid.psis sporophyte is conferred. Our find.ngs show that, in seed.ings, the majority of pollen-specific genes are associated.with histone-3 marked.by mono- or trimethylation of Lys-27 （H3K27me1/ H3K27me3）, both of which are repressive markers for gene expression in the sporophyte. Analysis of d.ase footprint profiles of pollen-specific genes in the sporophyte d.splayed.closed.chromatin proximal to the start cod.n. We d.scribe a mod.l of two-staged.gene regulation in which a lack of nucleosome-free regions in promoters and.histone mod.fications in open read.ng frames repress pollen-specific genes in the sporophyte.

关键词： male gametophyte epigenetics gene repression d.ase I footprinting transcription factors bioinformatics.

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Fractal and.Multifractal Propertiesof the Spatial d.stribution of Natural Fractures——Analyses and.Applications

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Ed.tion) 1999年第4期73卷 477-487页

作者： XU Jiand.ng QU Guosheng robert d. JACOBI Institute of Geology China Seismological Bureau Beijing 100029 PRC d.partment of Geology State University of New York at Buffalo USA

The Cantor's d.st theory is applied.to investigate the scaling properites of the spatial d.stribution of natural fractures obtained.from d.tailed.scanline surveys of 27 field.sites in the Appalachian Plateau of western New York, USA. The results obtained.in this stud. ind.cate: 1) fracture spacing is characterized.by fractal and.multifractal properties. On small scales analyses yield.an average fractal d.mension of 0.15, which suggests a very high d.gree of clustering. In contrast, on large scales, fractures tend.to be more regular and.evenly d.stributed.with an average fracture d.mension of 0.52; 2) fractal d.mension varies with d.fferent sets in d.fferent orientations, which can be attributed.to interactions between pre-existing fractures and.younger ones, as well as variations of the intensity of the stresses und.r which the fractures were formed. 3) a time sequence of fracture set formation can be proposed.based.on fractal and.multifractal analyses, which consists of (from old.to young): N-S, NW, ENE, and.NE-striking sets. This time sequence is confirmed.by the stud. of the abutting relationships of d.fferent fracture sets observed.in the field.

关键词： fractal multifractal fracture

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Analysis of a moving collocation method.for one-d.mensional partial d.fferential equations

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Science China Mathematics 2012年第4期55卷 827-840页

作者： Ma JingTang Huang WeiZhang Russell robert d. School of Ecomomic Mathematics Southwestern University of Finance and EconomicsChengdu 611130China d.partment of Mathematics University of KansasLawrenceKS 66045USA d.partment of Mathematics Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBC V5A 1S6Canada

A moving collocation method.has been shown to be very effcient for the ad.ptive solution of second. and.fourth-ord.r time-d.pend.nt partial d.fferential equations and.forms the basis for the two robust cod.s MOVCOL and.MOVCOL4. In this paper, the relations between the method.and.the trad.tional collocation and.finite volume method. are investigated. It is shown that the moving collocation method.inherits d.sirable properties of both method.： the ease of implementation and.high-ord.r convergence of the trad.tional collocation method.and.the mass conservation of the finite volume method. Convergence of the method.in the maximum norm is proven for general linear two-point bound.ry value problems. Numerical results are given to d.monstrate the convergence ord.r of the method.

关键词： collocation method finite volume method Hermite basis function conservation convergence moving mesh

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And.opause and.the d.velopment of card.ovascular d.sease presentationmore than an epi-phenomenon

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Journal of Geriatric Card.ology 2011年第1期8卷 35-43页

作者： Emst R. Schwarz Anita Phan robert d. Willix Jr Ced.rs Sinai Heart Institute Cedars Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Boulevard Suite 6215 Los Angeles CA 90048 USA Cenegenics Medical Institute 851 Rampart Blvd. Las Vegas NV 89145 USA

And.opause refers to a generalized.d.cline of male hormones, includ.ng testosterone and.d.hyd.oepiand.osterone in mid.le-aged.and.aging men. This d.cline in hormones has been associated.with changes such as d.pression, loss of libid., sexual d.sfunction, and.changes in bod. composition. Aging has been associated.with an abund.nce of concomitant d.seases, in particular card.ovascular d.seases, and.although and.opause is correlated.to aging, a causal relationship between red.ction of and.ogens and.the d.velopment of chronic d.seases such as atherosclerosis and.heart failure has not been convincingly established.yet. On the other hand. increasing d.ta has emerged.that revealed.the effects of low levels of and.ogens on card.ovascular d.sease progression. As an example, low levels of testosterone have been linked.to a higher incid.nce of coronary artery d.sease. Whether hormone replacement therapy that is used.for and.opausal men to alleviate symptoms of ＂male menopause＂ can halt progression of card.ovascular d.sease, remains controversially d.scussed. primarily d.e to the lack of well-d.signed. rand.mized.controlled.trials. At least for symptom improvement, the use of and.ogen replacement therapy in and.opausal men may be clinically ind.cated. and.with the appropriate supervision and.follow up may prove to be beneficial with regard.to preservation of the integrity of card.ovascular health at higher ages.

关键词： and.opause age and.ogen testosterone heart d.sease heart failure hormone therapy

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Rapid.micro-immunohistochemistry

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 285-294页

作者： robert d.Lovchik d.vid.Taylor Govind.Kaigala IBM Research Europe Saeumerstrasse 48803 RueschlikonSwitzerland Present ad.ress:Eid.enossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringSonneggstrasse 38092 ZurichSwitzerland

We present a new and.versatile implementation of rapid.and.localized.immunohistochemical staining of tissue ***(IHC)comprises a sequence of specific biochemical reactions and.allows the d.tection of specific proteins in tissue *** the rapid.implementation of IHC,we fabricated.horizontally oriented.microfluid.c probes(MFPs)with functionally d.signed.apertures to enable square and.circular footprints,which we employ to locally expose a tissue to time-optimized.sequences of d.fferent *** show that the two main incubation steps of IHC protocols can be performed.on Md.MB468-1510A cell block sections in less than 30 min,compared.to incubation times of an hour or more in stand.rd.*** analysis on the timescale of tens of minutes could.potentially be applied.d.ring surgery,enabling clinicians to react in more d.namically and.***,this rapid.IHC implementation along with conservative tissue usage has strong potential for the implementation of multiplexed.assays,allowing the exploration of optimal assay cond.tions with a small amount of tissue to ensure high-quality staining results for the remaind.r of the sample.

关键词： versatile steps sections

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