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Multi-Scale Dilated Convolution Network for SPECT-MPI Cardiovascular Disease Classification with Adaptive Denoising and Attenuation Correction

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 299-327页

作者： A.robert Singh Suganya Athisayamani Gyanendra Prasad Joshi Bhanu Shrestha Department of Computational Intelligence SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203Tamil NaduIndia School of Computing Sastra Deemed to be UniversityThanjavur613401Tamil NaduIndia Department of Artificial Intelligence&Software Kangwon National UniversitySamcheok25913Republic of Korea Department of Information Convergence System Graduate School of Smart ConvergenceKwangwoon UniversitySeoul01897Republic of Korea

Myocardial perfusion imaging(MPI),which uses single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT),is a well-known estimating tool for medical diagnosis,employing the classification of images to show situations in coronary artery disease(CAD).The automatic classification of SPECT images for different techniques has achieved near-optimal accuracy when using convolutional neural networks(CNNs).This paper uses a SPECT classification framework with three steps:1)Image denoising,2)Attenuation correction,and 3)Image *** denoising is done by a U-Net architecture that ensures effective image *** correction is implemented by a convolution neural network model that can remove the attenuation that affects the feature extraction process of ***,a novel multi-scale diluted convolution(MSDC)network is *** merges the features extracted in different scales and makes the model learn the features more *** scales of filters with size 3×3 are used to extract *** three steps are compared with state-of-the-art *** proposed denoising architecture ensures a high-quality image with the highest peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNr)value of *** proposed classification method is compared with the five different CNN models,and the proposed method ensures better classification with an accuracy of 96%,precision of 87%,sensitivity of 87%,specificity of 89%,and F1-score of 87%.To demonstrate the importance of preprocessing,the classification model was analyzed without denoising and attenuation correction.

关键词： SPECT-MPI CAD MSDC denoising attenuation correction classification

Three-Stage Transfer Learning with AlexNet50 for MrI Image Multi-Class Classification with Optimal Learning rate

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 155-183页

作者： Suganya Athisayamani A.robert Singh Gyanendra Prasad Joshi Woong Cho School of Computing Sastra Deemed to be UniversityThanjavur613401India Department of Computational Intelligence SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203India Department of AI and Software Engineering Kangwon National UniversitySamcheok25913Republic of Korea Department of Electronics Information and Communication EngineeringKangwon National UniversitySamcheok25913Republic of Korea

In radiology,magnetic resonance imaging(MrI)is an essential diagnostic tool that provides detailed images of a patient’s anatomical and physiological *** is particularly effective for detecting soft tissue ***,radiologists manually interpret these images,which can be labor-intensive and time-consuming due to the vast amount of *** address this challenge,machine learning,and deep learning approaches can be utilized to improve the accuracy and efficiency of anomaly detection in MrI *** manuscript presents the use of the Deep AlexNet50 model for MrI classification with discriminative learning *** are three stages for learning;in the first stage,the whole dataset is used to learn the *** the second stage,some layers of AlexNet50 are frozen with an augmented dataset,and in the third stage,AlexNet50 with an augmented dataset with the augmented *** method used three publicly available MrI classification datasets:Harvard whole brain atlas(HWBA-dataset),the School of Biomedical Engineering of Southern Medical University(SMU-dataset),and The National Institute of Neuroscience and Hospitals brain MrI dataset(NINS-dataset)for *** hyperparameter optimizers like Adam,stochastic gradient descent(SGD),root mean square propagation(rMS prop),Adamax,and AdamW have been used to compare the performance of the learning ***-dataset registers maximum classification *** evaluated the performance of the proposed classification model using several quantitative metrics,achieving an average accuracy of 98%.

关键词： MrI tumors classification AlexNet50 transfer learning hyperparameter tuning optimizer

Lipid droplets in the nervous system:involvement in cell metabolic homeostasis

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第3期20卷 740-750页

作者： Yuchen Zhang Yiqing Chen Cheng Zhuang Jingxuan Qi robert Chunhua Zhao Jiao Wang School of Life Sciences Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina School of Medicine Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy BeijingChina

Lipid droplets serve as primary storage organelles for neutral lipids in neurons,glial cells,and other cells in the nervous *** droplet formation begins with the synthesis of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic ***,lipid droplets were recognized for their role in maintaining lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis;however,recent research has shown that lipid droplets are highly adaptive organelles with diverse functions in the nervous *** addition to their role in regulating cell metabolism,lipid droplets play a protective role in various cellular stress ***,lipid droplets exhibit specific functions in neurons and glial *** of lipid droplet formation leads to cellular dysfunction,metabolic abnormalities,and nervous system *** review aims to provide an overview of the role of lipid droplets in the nervous system,covering topics such as biogenesis,cellular specificity,and ***,it will explore the association between lipid droplets and neurodegenerative *** the involvement of lipid droplets in cell metabolic homeostasis related to the nervous system is crucial to determine the underlying causes and in exploring potential therapeutic approaches for these diseases.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease lipid droplet biogenesis lipid droplets lipid metabolism nervous system neurodegenerative disorders oxidative stress Parkinson's disease

Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen robert J.Thomas M.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

Climate Change:No Going Back

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China Today 2025年第1期74卷 42-44页

作者： robert walk.r Beijing Normal University royal Society of Arts Academy of Social Sciences in the U.K

With a commitment to reduce emissions,and its investment in green technology bringing down global costs,China is emerging as the leader in fighting climate *** knows that our world is getting *** also know *** out po... 详细信息

关键词： investment bringing fighting

Current strategies for reproductive management of gilts and sows in North America

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 191-204页

作者： robert r Kraeling Stephen K Webel L&r research Associates JBS United Animal Health

Many advances in genetic selection, nutrition, housing and disease control have been incorporated into modern pork production since the 1950s resulting in highly prolific females and practices and technologies, which significantly increased efficiency of reproduction in the breeding herd. The objective of this manuscript is to review the literature and current industry practices employed for reproductive management. In particular the authors focus on assisted reproduction technologies and their application for enhanced productivity. Modern maternal line genotypes have lower appetites and exceptional lean growth potential compared to females of 20 yr ago. Thus, nutrient requirements and management techniques and technologies, which affect gilt development and sow longevity, require continuous updating. Failure to detect estrus accurately has the greatest impact on farrowing rate and litter size. Yet, even accurate estrus detection will not compensate for the variability in the interval between onset of estrus and actual time of ovulation. However, administration of GnrH analogs in weaned sows and in gilts after withdrawal of altrenogest do overcome this variability and thereby synchronize ovulation, which makes fixed-time AI practical. Seasonal infertility, mediated by temperature and photoperiod, is a persistent problem. Training workers in the art of stockmanship is of increasing importance as consumers become more interested in humane animal care. Altrenogest, is used to synchronize the estrous cycle of gilts, to prolong gestation for 2-3 d to synchronize farrowing and to postpone post-weaning estrus. P.G. 600~ is used for induction of estrus in pre-pubertal gilts and as a treatment to overcome seasonal anestrous. Sperm cell numbers/dose of semen is significantly less for post cervical AI than for cervical AI. real-time ultrasonography is used to determine pregnancy during wk 3-5. PGF2a effectively induces farrowing when administered within two d of normal gestati

关键词： Gilts Management Nutrition reproductive technology Sows

Conditions for advantageous quantum Bitcoin mining

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Blockchain(research and Applications) 2023年第3期4卷 52-63页

作者： robert r.Nerem Daya r.Gaur Institute for Quantum Science and Technology University of CalgaryAlbertaT2N 1N4Canada Department of Mathematics University of California San DiegoCalifornia92093United States Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of LethbridgeAlbertaT1K 3M4Canada

Our aim is to determine the conditions for quantum computing technology to give rise to the security risks associated with quantum Bitcoin ***,we determine the speed and energy efficiency a quantum computer needs to offer an advantage over classical *** analyze the setting in which the Bitcoin network is entirely classical except for a single quantum miner with a small hash rate compared to the *** develop a closed-form approximation for the probability that the quantum miner successfully mines a block,with this probability dependent on the number of Grover iterations the quantum miner applies before making a ***,we show that for a quantum miner that is“peaceful”,this success probability is maximized if the quantum miner applies Grover iterations for 16 min before measuring,which is surprising,as the network mines blocks every 10 min on *** this optimal mining procedure,we show that the quantum miner outperforms a classical computer in efficiency(cost per block)if the condition Qrb is satisfied,where Q is the cost of a Grover iteration,C is the cost of a classical hash,r is the quantum miner's speed in Grover iterations per second,and b is a factor that attains its maximum if the quantum miner uses our optimal mining *** condition lays the foundation for determining when quantum mining and the known security risks associated with it will arise.

关键词： Quantum algorithms Quantum mining Grover search Bitcoin Quantum attacks

Impact of a physician-supervised exercise-nutrition program with testosterone substitution in partial androgen-deficient middle-aged obese men

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2011年第4期8卷 201-206页

作者： Ernst r Schwarz robert D Willix Jr Cenegenics Education and research Foundation Las Vegas and Heart Institute of Southern CaliforniaBeverly Hills348 S Oakhurst DrBeverly HillsCA 90212USA

Background Partial androgen deficiency syndrome in the aging male is associated with signs of aging such as a development of abdominal obesity,sexual dysfunction,increase body fat,weight gain and the development of cardiac *** We assessed the outcome of a commercially available physician supervised nutrition and exercise program with concomitant testosterone replacement therapy in middle age obese men with partial androgen deficiency in order to reduce cardiac risks *** Fifty-six self referred men without diabetes mellitus,hypertension,or cardiovascular disease(ages 52.3±7.8 years)were randomly selected from a large *** weight,body fat composition,fasting glucose,hemoglobin A1c and fasting lipid levels,as well as free and total testosterone levels were *** patients were assessed and followed 6–18 months after initiation of the *** program consisted of a low glycemic load balanced nutrition diet,a recommended structured daily exercise program of 30–60 minutes,as well as once to twice weekly intramuscular testosterone injections(113.0±27.8 mg).results At follow up,weight was reduced from 233.9±30.0 pounds(lbs)to 221.3±25.1 lbs(Preduced from 33.2±3.3 kg/m2 to 31.3±2.8 kg/m^(2)(Preduced from 95.3±14.4 mg/dL to 87.5±12.6 mg/dL(Prol was reduced from 195.4±33.0 mg/dL to 172.7±35.0 mg/dL(Prse events were *** Testosterone replacement therapy in middle aged obese men with partial androgen deficiency appeared safe and might have promoted the effects of a weight reduction diet and daily exercise program as long as an adequate physician supervision and follow up was *** combination therapy significantly reduced coronary risk factors such as glucose intolerance and hyperlipidemia.

关键词： aging heart disease androgen deficiency testosterone

Skeletal phenotypes in secreted frizzled-related protein 4 gene knockout mice mimic skeletal architectural abnormalities in subjects with Pyle's disease from SFrP4 mutations

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Bone research 2023年第1期11卷 193-200页

作者： robert Brommage Jeff Liu David r.Powell Department of Metabolism research Lexicon PharmaceuticalsThe WoodlandsTX77381USA

Mutations in SFrP4 cause Pyle’s bone disease with wide metaphyses and increased skeletal *** WNT signaling pathway plays important roles in determining skeletal architecture and SFrP4 is a secreted Frizzled decoy receptor that inhibits WNT *** cohorts of male and female Sfrp4 gene knockout mice,examined through 2 years of age,had a normal lifespan but showed cortical and trabecular bone *** human Erlenmeyer flask deformities,bone cross-sectional areas were elevated 2-fold in the distal femur and proximal tibia but only 30%in femur and tibia *** cortical bone thickness was observed in the vertebral body,midshaft femur and distal *** trabecular bone mass and numbers were observed in the vertebral body,distal femur metaphysis and proximal tibia *** femurs retained extensive trabecular bone through 2 years of *** bodies had increased compressive strength,but femur shafts had reduced bending ***,but not cortical,bone parameters in heterozygous Sfrp4mice were modestly *** resulted in similar declines in both cortical and trabecular bone mass in wild-type and Sfrp4 KO ***4 is critical for metaphyseal bone modeling involved in determining bone ***4 KO mice show similar skeletal architecture and bone fragility deficits observed in patients with Pyle’s disease with SFrP4 mutations.

关键词： SFrP4 skeletal elevated