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Human endogenous retrovirus type-w and multiple sclerosis–related smoldering neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 813-814页

作者： Joel Gruchot Laura Reiche Andrew Chan robert Hoepner Patrick Küry Department of Neurology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Department of Neurology InselspitalBern University Hospital and University of BernBernSwitzerland

Introduction to human endogenous retrovirus type-w(HERV-w): Genomic inheritance from the past includes retroviral sequences that have been stably incorporated into our genomes and account for up to 8% of human DNA.

关键词： endogenous inflammation Human

POLY (β-HYDROXYALKANOATES): NATURAL BIOCOMPATIBLE AND BIODEGRADABLE POLYESTERS PRODUCED BY BACTERIA

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 1989年第4期7卷 289-298页

作者： robert w. lenz RICHARD A. GROSS HELMUT BRANDL R. CLINTON FULLER Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USADepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Lowell1 University Ave.LowellMA 01854USAInstitute for Plant BiologyZollikerstrasse 1078008 ZurichSwitzerlandDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA

A wide variety of different types of microorganisms are known to produce intracellular energy and carbon storage products, which have been generally described as being poly (β-hydroxybutyrate), PHB, but which are, more often than not, copolymers containing different alkyl groups at the β-position. Hence, PHB belongs to the family ofpoly (β-hydroxyalkanoastes), PHA, all of which are usually formed as intracellular inclusions in bacteria under unbalanced growth conditions. Recently, it became of industrial interest to evaluate these PHA polyesters as natural biodegradable and biocompatible plastics for a wide range of possible applications, such as surgical sutures or packaging containers. For industrial applications, the controlled incorporation of repeating units with different chain lengths into a series of copolymers is desirable in order to produce polyesters with a range of material properties because physical and chemical characteristics depend strongly on the polymer composition. Such 'tailor-made' copolymers can be produced under controlled growth conditions in that, if a defined mixture of substrates for a certain type of microorganisms is supplied, a well defined and reproducible copolymer is formed.

关键词： PHB POLY HYDROXYALKANOATES NATURAL BIOCOMPATIBLE AND BIODEGRADABLE POLYESTERS PRODUCED BY BACTERIA

COMPARING TwO CLUSTERING-BASED TECHNIQUES TO TRACK MOBILE NODES IN INDUSTRIAL wIRELESS SENSOR NETwORKS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2016年第2期25卷 177-209页

作者： Mohammad Gholami robert w. Brennan Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Schulich School of Engineering University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada T2N 1N4

Tracking mobile nodes in dynamic and noisy conditions of industrial environments has provided a paradigm for many issues inherent in the area of distributed control systems in general and wireless sensor networks in particular. Due to the dynamic nature of the industrial environments, a practical tracking system is required that is adaptable to the changes in the environment. More specifically, given the limited resources of wireless nodes and the challenges created by harsh industrial environments there is a need for a technique that can modify the configuration of the system on the fly as new wireless nodes are added to the network and obsolete ones are removed. To address these issues, two cluster-based tracking systems, one static and the other dynamic, are proposed to organize the overall network field into a set of tracking zones, each composed of a sink node and a set of corresponding anchor nodes. To manage the wireless nodes activities and inter and intra cluster communications, an agent-based technique is employed. To compare the architectures, we report on a set of experiments performed in JADE （Java Agent Development Environment）. In these experiments, we compare two agent-based approaches （dynamic and static） for managing clusters of wireless sensor nodes in a distributed tracking system. The experimental results corroborate the efficiency of the static clusters versus the robustness and effectiveness of the dynamic clusters.

关键词： wireless sensor networks tracking mobile nodes factory automation distributed adaptive systems reconfigurability

An Empirical Study on the Impact of Automation on the Requirements Analysis Process

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2007年第3期22卷 338-347页

作者： Giuseppe Lami robert w.Ferguson Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione"Alessandro Faedo" 1-56124 Pisa Italy Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University 15213 PittsburghPAU.S.A.

Requirements analysis is an important phase in a software project. The analysis is often performed in an informal way by specialists who review documents looking for ambiguities, technical inconsistencies and incomplete parts. Automation is still far from being applied in requirements analyses, above all since natural languages are informal and thus difficult to treat automatically. There are only a few tools that can analyse texts. One of them, called QuARS, was developed by the Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell＇Informazione and can analyse texts in terms of ambiguity. This paper describes how QuARS was used in a formal empirical experiment to assess the impact in terms of effectiveness and efficacy of the automation in the requirements review process of a software company.

关键词： requirements/specifications analysis requirements/specifications tools process metrics

Motor tract reorganization after acute central nervous system injury: a translational perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1144-1149页

作者： Hajime Takase robert w.Regenhardt Department of Neurosurgery Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan Departments of Radiology and Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMAUSA Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Acute central nervous system injuries are among the most common causes of disability worldwide,with widespread social and economic *** tract injury accounts for the majority of this disability;therefore,there is impetus to understand mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of injury and subsequent reorganization of the motor tract that may lead to *** acute central nervous system injury,there are changes in the microenvironment and structure of the motor *** example,ischemic stroke involves decreased local blood flow and tissue death from lack of oxygen and *** injury,in contrast,causes stretching and shearing injury to microstructures,including myelinated axons and their surrounding *** involve blood-brain barrier dysfunction,which is an important initial *** acute central nervous system injury,motor tract reorganization occurs in the form of cortical remapping in the gray matter and axonal regeneration and rewiring in the white *** remapping involves one cortical region taking on the role of ***-response-element binding protein is a key transcription factor that can enhance plasticity in the peri-infarct *** regeneration and rewiring depend on complex cell-cell interactions between axons,oligodendrocytes,and other *** RhoA/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase signaling pathway plays a central role in axon growth/regeneration through interactions with myelin-derived axonal growth inhibitors and regulation of actin cytoskeletal *** and their precursors play a role in myelination,and neurons are involved through their voltage-gated calcium *** the pathophysiology of injury and the biology of motor tract reorganization may allow the development of therapies to enhance recovery after acute central nervous system *** include targeted rehabilitation,novel pharmacotherapies,such as growth factors and axonal growt

关键词： corticospinal tract myelin-axon interaction recovery remapping reorganization RhoA/ROCK translation

The development of policy approaches for reducing nitro-gen pollution to coastal waters of the USA

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第z2期48卷 791-806页

作者： robert w.Howarth Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Cornell University NY 14853USA

Two-thirds of the coastal rivers and bays in the United States are degraded from nutrient pollution, and nitrogen inputs these waters continue to increase. The nitrogen comes from a variety of sources, including runoff from agricultural fields, concentrated animal feeding operations, atmospheric deposition from fossil fuel combustion, and sewage and septic wastes. Technical solutions for nitrogen pollution exist at reasonable cost. That most of these solutions have not yet been implemented to any significant extent across the United States suggests that new policy approaches are necessary. The best solution may involve a combination of voluntary and mandatory approaches, applying different approaches to different sources of nitrogen pollution. A watershed-based approach that relies heavily on voluntary mechanisms (such as crop-yield insurance to reduce over-fertilization) is likely to be the most effective for some sources of nitrogen (such as runoff from agricultural fields), while a uniform national regulatory approach may be better for others (such as NOx emissions from fossil fuel combustion). Implementation of management strategies should be carefully coupled to monitoring programs to assess the effectiveness of these strategies. while both nitrogen and phosphorus are important to control, the focus should be on nitrogen management, in part because nitrogen is more generally the causal agent of coastal eutrophication. Also, while nitrogen-control practices tend to also reduce phosphorus pollution, phosphorus-control practices often have little effect on nitrogen. Although current scientific and technical knowledge is sufficient to begin to make substantial progress toward solving coastal nitrogen pollution, progress will be made more quickly and more cost effectively with increased investment in appropriate scientific research.

关键词： development of policy approaches, reducing nitrogen pollution, coastal water of the USA.

Calibration of the Albian/Cenomanian Boundary by Ammonite Biostratigraphy:*** Interior

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第6期81卷 940-948页

作者： robert w.SCOTT University of Tulsa and Precision Stratigraphy Associates

Calibration of numerical ages to the geological time scale is a long scientific pursuit that requires the integration of multiple data sets. A case study of the Albian/Cenomanian stage boundary, also the Lower/Upper Cretaceous series boundary, illustrates the calibration process. The numerical age of this boundary has shifted from 96 Ma to 99 Ma over a time span of nearly fifty years. Recalibration resulted first from improvements in radiometric dating, and later from inferences about ammonite phylogeny, and most recently from radiometric dates of newly discovered volcanic beds interbedded with diagnostic guide fossils. However, the calibration process continues with study of cosmopolitan dinoflagellates.

关键词： Albian/Cenomanian ammonite biostratigraphy age calibration

Periodic waves of a Discrete Higher Order Nonlinear SchrSdinger Equation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2006年第6X期46卷 961-965页

作者： robert Conte K.w. Chow Service de physique de Pétat condensé (URA 2464) CEA-Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong China

The Hirota equation is a higher order extension of the nonlinear Schr6dinger equation by incorporating third order dispersion and one form of self steepening effect, New periodic waves for the discrete Hirota equation are given in terms of elliptic functions. The continuum limit converges to the analogous result for the continuous Hirota equation, while the long wave limit of these discrete periodic patterns reproduces the known resulr of the integrable Ablowitz-Ladik system.

关键词： discrete higher-order nonlinear SchrSdinger equation discrete Hirota equation elliptic function solutions

Clostridium difficile colitis and zoonotic origins—a narrative review

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Gastroenterology Report 2018年第3期6卷 157-166,I0001页

作者： Alexander w.w.Brown robert B.wilson General Surgery Department Liverpool HospitalElizabeth StLiverpoolNSW 2170Australia

Clostridium difficile is amajor cause of hospital-associated diarrhoea,and in severe cases leads to pseudomembranous colitis and *** frequency of *** infection(CDI)has increased in recent decades,with 453000 cases identified in 2011 in the *** is related to antibiotic-selection pressure,disruption of normal host intestinalmicrobiota and emergence of antibiotic-resistant *** *** burden of community-acquired CDI has been increasingly appreciated,with disease identified in patients previously considered low-risk,such as young women or patients with no prior antibiotic *** has been identified in livestock animals,meat products,seafood and *** has been postulated that the pool of *** in the agricultural industrymay contribute to human *** is widespread environmental dispersal of *** *** households,turf lawns and public spaces are extensively contaminated,providing a potential reservoir for community-acquired *** Australia,this is particularly associated with porcine-derived *** UK PCR ribotype 014/*** this article,the epidemiological differences between hospital-and community-acquired CDI are discussed,including some emerging evidence for community-acquired CDI being a possible zoonosis.

关键词： Clostridium difficile healthcare-associated infections zoonoses