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Evaluation of the azoospermic male

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第1期14卷 82-87,177页

作者： robert Oates Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA 02118 USA

when presented with an azoospermic patient, a thorough history and careful, considered physical examination often leads to a definite or presumptive diagnosis. An algorithmic, logical thought process is important to have in mind when embarking on the evaluation. Adjunctive laboratory tests, such as hormonal assays or genetic studies, are often complementary and/or additive and allow a very precise determination to be made as to the etiologies, either genetic or acquired. It is only with this information that a therapeutic plan can be made for the patient. As will be discussed, a targeted approach to testing is far more satisfying and cost-effective than a blind, shotgun approach.

关键词： azoospermia congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens male infertility Y chromosomal microdeletion

Bayesian methods in reporting and managing Australian clinical indicators

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world Journal of Clinical Cases 2015年第7期3卷 625-634页

作者： Peter P Howley Stephen J Hancock robert w Gibberd Sheuwen Chuang Frank A Tuyl School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences\Statistics The University of Newcastle Health Services Research Group Faculty of HealthThe University of Newcastle School of Health Care Administration Health Policy and Care Research CenterTaipei Medical University

Sustained clinical improvement is unlikely without appropriate measuring and reporting techniques. Clinical indicators are tools to help assess whether a standard of care is being met. They are used to evaluate the potential to improve the care provided by healthcare organisations(HCOs). The analysis and reporting of these indicators for the Australian Council on Healthcare Standards have used a methodology which estimates, for each of the 338 clinical indicators, the gains in the system that would result from shifting the mean proportion to the 20 th centile. The results are used to provide a relative measure to help prioritise quality improvement activity within clinical areas, rather than simply focus on "poorer performing" HCOs. The method draws attention to clinical areas exhibiting larger between-HCO variation and affecting larger numbers of patients. HCOs report data in six-month periods, resulting in estimated clinical indicator proportions which may be affected by small samples and sampling variation. Failing to address such issues would result in HCOs exhibiting extremely small and large estimated proportions and inflated estimates of the potential gains in the system. This paper describes the 20 th centile method of calculating potential gains for the healthcare system by using Bayesian hierarchical models and shrinkage estimators to correct for the effects of sampling variation, and provides an example case in Emergency Medicine as well as example expert commentary from colleges based upon the reports. The application of these Bayesian methods enables all collated data to be used, irrespective of an HCO's size, and facilitates more realistic estimates of potential system gains.

关键词： Clinical indicators Improvement System gains Bayesian Statistical models

A putative plant organelle RNA recognition protein gene is essential for maize kernel development

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第3期57卷 236-246页

作者： Antony M.Chettoor Gibum Yi Elisa Gomez Gregorio Hueros robert B.Meeley Philip w.Becraft Department of Genetics Development and Cell BiologyIowa State University Carnegie Institution of Science Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute Seoul National University Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine University of AlcalaUniversity Campus Du Pont Pioneer Department of Agronomy Iowa State University

Basal endosperm transfer layer（BETL） cells are responsible for transferring apoplastic solutes from the maternal pedicel into the endosperm,supplying the grain with compounds required for embryo development and storage reserve ***,we analyze the maize（Zea mays L.） empty pericarp6（emp6） mutant,which causes early arrest in grain *** Emp6 tgene function is required independently in both the embryo and *** emp6 mutant causes a notable effect on the differentiation of BETL cells;the extensive cell wall ingrowths that distinguish BETL cells are diminished and BETL marker gene expression is compromised in mutant *** tagging identified the emp6 locus as encoding a putative plant organelle RNA recognition（PORR） protein,1 of 15 PORR family members in *** emp6 transcript is widely detected in plant tissues with highest Researclevels in embryos and developing ***6-green fluorescent protein（GFP） fusion proteins transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves were targeted specifically to *** results suggest that BETL cell differentiation might be particularly energy intensive,or alternatively,that mitochondria might confer a developmental function.

关键词： Empty pericarp endosperm mitochondria RNA processing transfer cell

Freeze-assisted Tape Casting of Vertically Aligned MXene Films for High Rate Performance Supercapacitors

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2020年第3期3卷 380-388页

作者： wenji Yang Jae Jong Byun Jie Yang Francis Peter Moissinac Yudong Peng GustavoTontini robert A.w.Dryfe Suelen Barg Royce Institute and Department of Materials University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUK Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of ManchesterSackville Street BuildingManchester M13BBUK National Graphene Institute University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUK Department of Chemistry University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUK

Conventional electrode preparation techniques of supercapacitors such as tape casting or vacuum filtration often lead to the restacking or agglomeration of twodimensional(2 D)*** a result,tortuous paths are created for the electrolyte ions and their adsorption onto the surfaces of the active materials can be ***,maintaining high rate performance while increasing the thickness of electrodes has been a ***,a facile freeze-assisted tape-casting(Fa TC)method is reported for the scalable fabrication of flexible MXene(Ti3C2Tx)supercapacitor electrode films of up to 700μm thickness,exhibiting homogeneous ice-template microstructure composed of vertically aligned MXene walls within lamellar *** efficient ion transport created by the internal morphology allows for fast electrochemical charge–discharge cycles and near thickness-independent performance at up to 3000 m V s-1 for films of up to 300μm in *** increasing the scan rate from 20 to 10,000 m V s-1,Ti3C2Tx films of 150μm in thickness sustain 50%of its specific capacitance(222.9 F g-1).when the film thickness is doubled to 300μm,its capacitance is still retained by 60%(at 213.3 F g-1)when the scan rate is increased from 20 to3000 m V s-1,with a capacitance retention above 97.7%for over 14,000 cycles at10 A *** also showed a remarkably high gravimetric and areal power density of 150 k w kg-1 at 1000 A g-1 and 667 m w cm-2 at 4444 m A cm-2,*** TC has the potential to provide industry with a viable way to fabricate electrodes formed from 2 D materials on a large scale,while providing promising performance for use in a wide range of applications,such as flexible electronics and wearable energy storage devices.

关键词： freeze-assisted tape casting MXene supercapacitors thickness-independent capacitance vertically aligned electrodes

Energy consumption for creep fracture of metallic materials

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2008年第4期24卷 469-472页

作者： robert A.Arutyunyan Universitetskii pr.28 Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics Sankt-Petersburg State University Petrodvoretz Sankt-Petersburg 198504 Russia

The energy conservation law is applied to formulate the ductile and brittle creep fracture criterion for metallic materials. The criterion contains a summary of heat and latent energies. Assuming that the heat energy is given out so it has no effect on the fracture process, the ductile creep fracture criterion is simplified. To take into account the evaluation of the damage state of materials the compressibility condition is introduced and the brittle creep fracture law is formulated.

关键词： Ductile and brittle fracture criterion Energy conservation law Heat and latent energies

Conserved sequences identify the closest living relatives of primates

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Zoological Research 2019年第6期40卷 532-540页

作者： Mei-Ling Zhang Ming-Li Li Adeola Oluwakemi Ayoola robert w. Murphy Dong-Dong wu Yong Shao Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and PreventionKunming Yunnan 650022China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming Yunnan 650223China Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Royal Ontario MuseumToronto M5S 2C6Canada Kunming College of Life Science University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming Yunnan 650223China

Elucidating the closest living relatives of extant primates is essential for fully understanding important biological processes related to the genomic and phenotypic evolution of primates, especially of humans. However, the phylogenetic placement of these primate relatives remains controversial, with three primary hypotheses currently espoused based on morphological and molecular evidence. In the present study, we used two algorithms to analyze differently partitioned genomic datasets consisting of 45.4 Mb of conserved non-coding elements and 393 kb of concatenated coding sequences to test these hypotheses. we assessed different genomic histories and compared with other molecular studies found solid support for colugos being the closest living relatives of primates. Our phylogeny showed Cercopithecinae to have low levels of nucleotide divergence, especially for Papionini, and gibbons to have a high rate of divergence. The MCMCtree comprehensively updated divergence dates of early evolution of Primatomorpha and Primates.

关键词： Phylogeny Colugos Primates Conserved non-coding elements Divergence time

On-line non-intrusive particle size measurement of pulverised fuel through digital imaging

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仪器仪表学报 2007年第11期28卷 1942-1946页

作者： Carter robert M Department of Electronics University of Kent

This paper presents the basic principles of particle size measurement and latest industrial results recorded using an innovative optical instrumentation system designed to measure the size distribution of particles in a pneumatic *** system is non-intrusive and cost-effective.A low-cost CCD camera is used to capture images of the particulate flow field,which is illuminated by a low-cost pulsed laser sheet *** particle size distribution is then determined by processing the particle images through the use of novel processing *** results obtained in the past on a small scale particle flow test rig have demonstrated that the system is capable of measuring the size distribution of pneumatically conveyed particles with an accuracy of a few *** the present paper results obtained when testing the system at a 4 Mw industrial test facility are *** are made with both off-line reference data achieved through sieving and on-line laser diffraction data recorded using an intrusive,extractive,Malvern Instruments *** general there is good agreement between results when considering the characteristics and limitations of the individual *** novel imaging system shows itself to be rugged,practical and useful under genuine industrial conditions.

关键词：粒子测量方法数字成像数码

Does multiple seed loading in Blue Jays result in selective dispersal of smaller acorns?

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第3期6卷 235-243页

作者： Andrew w.BARTLOw Michael KACHMAR Nathanael LICHTI robert K.SwIHART Jeffrey A.STRATFORD Michael A.STEELE Department of Biology Wilkes UniversityWilkes BarrePennsylvaniaUSA Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA

Studies from both tropical and temperate systems show that scatter-hoarding rodents selectively disperse larger seeds farther from their source than smaller seeds,potentially increasing seedling establishment in larger-seeded ***-biased dispersal is evident in many oaks(Quercus)and is true both across and within ***,we predict that intraspecifc variation in seed size also influences acorn dispersal by the Blue Jay(Cyanocitta cristata Linnaeus),but in an opposite *** Jays are gape-limited and selectively disperse smaller acorn species(*** oaks[Quercus palustris Münchh]),but often carry several acorns in their crop during a single dispersal *** predict that jays foraging on smaller acorns will load more seeds per trip and disperse seeds to greater distances than when single acorns are carried in the *** test this,we presented free-ranging Blue Jays with pin oak acorns of different sizes over a 2-year *** each of 16 experimental trials,we monitored the birds at a feeding station with remote cameras and determined the number of acorns removed and the distance acorns were dispersed when *** were significantly more likely to engage in multiple seed loading with smaller seeds in both years of the *** the second year,these smaller acorns were dispersed farther than larger acorns,and during the first year,larger acorns were dispersed farther,revealing an inconsistent response to seed size during our *** suggest that in some circumstances,multiple seed loading by Blue Jays may favor dispersal in some plant species.

关键词： acorn dispersal Blue Jays Cyanocitta cristata Quercus seed size

Field test and probabilistic analysis of irregular steel debris casualty risks from a person-borne improvised explosive device

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第6期17卷 1852-1863页

作者： Piotr w.Sielicki Mark G.Stewart Tomasz Gajewski MichałMalendowski Piotr Peksa Hasan Al-Rifaie robert Studzinski wojciech Sumelka Institute of Structural Analysis Faculty of Civil and Transport EngineeringPoznan University of Technology5 Maria Skłodowska-Curie Square60-965PoznanPoland Institute of Building Engineering Faculty of Civil and Transport EngineeringPoznan University of Technology5 Maria Skłodowska-Curie Square60-965PoznanPoland Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability The University of NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghanNSW2308Australia

Person-borne improvised explosive devices(PBIEDs)are often used in terrorist attacks in western *** study aims to predict the trajectories of PBIED fragments and the subsequent safety risks for people exposed to this *** explosive field test with a typical PBIED composed of a plastic explosive charge and steel nut enhancements was performed to record initial fragment behaviour,including positions,velocity,and trajectory *** data were used to predict the full trajectory of PBIED fragments using a probabilistic *** the probabilistic analyses a probability of fatality or serious injury was *** on the results presented,many practical conclusions can be drawn,for instance,regarding safe evacuation distances if a person were exposed to a suspected PBIED.

关键词： Flying fragments Human safety Person-borne improvised explosive device experiment Probabilistic analysis