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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2018年第8期9卷 293-309页

作者： robert B. Raffa Joseph v. Pergolizzi robert Taylor Sanjib Choudhuri robert Rodenbeck University of Arizona College of Pharmacy Tucson AZ USA Professor Emeritus Temple University School of Pharmacy Philadelphia PA USA Neumentum Inc. Palo Alto CA USA NEMA Research Inc. Naples FL USA Delta Faucet Co. Indianapolis IN USA

The most frequent adverse event in the healthcare delivery system is acquisition of an infection within a healthcare facility. Since infection control measures are known, simple, and low-cost, we examine why the problem of healthcare-associated infections persists. Hundreds of millions of patients each year are affected by a healthcare-associated infection, with negative medical outcome and financial cost. It is a major public health problem even in countries with advanced healthcare systems. This is a bit perplexing, given that hygienic practices have been known and actively promoted. The objective is to address the question: doesn’t the use of disinfection, sterilization, handwashing, and alcohol rubs prevent the spread of pathogenic organisms? We conclude that the persistent high prevalence of nosocomial infections despite known hygienic practices is attributable to two categories of factors: biological and inherent shortcomings of some practices (considered in Part 1), and human factors (considered in Part 2). A new approach is presented in Part 3.

关键词： Infection Nosocomial Hospital Healthcare-Associated Hygiene Handwashing

Short mucin 6 alleles are associated with H pylori infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第37期12卷 6021-6025页

作者： Thai v Nguyen Marcel JR Janssen Paulien Gritters René HM te Morsche Joost PH Drenth Henri van Asten robert JF Laheij Jan BMJ Jansen Department of Gastroenterology Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Can Tho Viet Nam Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands Nijmegen Institute for International Health Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands

AIM： To investigate the relationship between mucin 6 （MUC6） vNTR length and Hpylori infection. METHODS： Blood samples were collected from patients visiting the Can Tho General Hospital for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. DNA was isolated from whole blood, the repeated section was cut out using a restriction enzyme （Pvu 11） and the length of the allele fragments was determined by Southern blotting. Hpylori infection was diagnosed by ^14C urea breath test. For analysis, MUC6 allele fragment length was dichotomized as being either long （〉 13.5 kbp） or short （≤ 13.5 kbp） and patients were classified according to genotype [long- long （LL）, long-short （LS）, short-short （SS）]. RESULTS： 160 patients were studied （mean age 43 years, 36% were males, 58% H pylori positive）. MUC6 PvuⅡ-restricted allele fragment lengths ranged from 7 to 19 kbp. Of the patients with the LL, LS, SS MUC6 genotype, 43% （24/56）, 57% （25/58） and 76% （11/46） were infected with Hpylori, respectively （P = 0.003）. CONCLUSION： Short MUC6 alleles are associated with H pylori infection.

关键词： H pylori Mucin 6 Polymorphism variable number of tandem repeats

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喷流对飞机尾流涡影响的试验研究

航空学报 2010年第5期31卷 899-908页

作者：黄烁桥申功忻 robert Konrath Carl F.v. Carmer Kompenhans Jurgen 北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院北京100191 德国宇航院气动与流动技术研究所哥廷根37073

飞机产生的尾流涡,特别是大尺度的翼尖涡,对尾随其后的飞行器是非常有害的,本文旨在探索利用飞机发动机产生的喷流加速尾流涡消亡的方法。试验采用简化的飞机模型(有尾翼),建立了包含一对翼尖涡及一对反向旋转的尾翼涡(通过以负迎角安... 详细信息

飞机产生的尾流涡,特别是大尺度的翼尖涡,对尾随其后的飞行器是非常有害的,本文旨在探索利用飞机发动机产生的喷流加速尾流涡消亡的方法。试验采用简化的飞机模型(有尾翼),建立了包含一对翼尖涡及一对反向旋转的尾翼涡(通过以负迎角安装尾翼得到)的4涡尾流系统。在无外来扰动的情况下,不同的尾翼设置下得到的尾翼涡对翼尖涡的作用效果不同,有的能导致翼尖涡提前消亡,有的则不能。考察了不同强度的喷流对不同4涡尾流系统的影响,且作为对比,对无尾翼(2涡系统)及无喷流下的各种情况也分别作了观测。试验在拖曳水槽中进行,运用体视粒子图像测速(SPIv)技术,观测了与模型拖曳方向垂直的、从机翼后缘到下游约45翼展间均布的一系列切面。结果表明:当喷流直接作用于涡时,其效果主要取决于两者之间的初始距离及相对强度;而当喷流作用于整个4涡尾流系统时,其引入的扰动对不同的系统均能起到一定程度的改善作用,这种作用的关键在于利用喷流优化对翼尖涡进行扰动的机制,而不仅仅取决于喷流的强度。

关键词：流体力学飞机尾流喷流体视粒子图像测速

Outcomes of central hepatectomy versus extended hepatectomy

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2019年第3期18卷 249-254页

作者： Jenny Chan Luke Bradshaw Nezor Houli Laurence Weinberg Marcos v Perini Michael Fink vijayaragavan Muralidharan Graham Starkey robert Jones Bao Zhong Wang Christopher Christophi Mehrdad Nikfarjam Department of Surgery University of Melbourne Austin Health Heidelberg Melbourne Victoria Australia Department of Surgery University of Melbourne Northern Health Epping Victoria Australia Department of Anaesthesia University of Melbourne Austin Health Heidelberg Melbourne Victoria Australia

Background: Central hepatectomy(CH) is more difficult than extended hepatectomy(EH) and is associated with greater morbidity. In this modern era of liver management with aims to prevent posthepatectomy liver failure(PHLF), there is a need to assess outcomes of CH as a parenchyma-sparing procedure for centrally located liver tumors. Methods: A total of 178 major liver resections performed by specialist surgeons from two Australian tertiary institutions between June 2009 and March 2017 were reviewed. Eleven patients had CH and 24 had EH over this study period. Indications and perioperative outcomes were compared between the groups. Results: The main indication for performing CH was colorectal liver metastases. There was no perioperative mortality in the CH group and four(16.7%) in the EH group( P = 0.285). No group differences were found in median operative time [CH vs. EH: 450 min(290–840) vs. 523 min(310–860), P = 0.328], intraoperative blood loss [850 mL(40 0–150 0) vs. 650 mL(10 0–20 0 0), P = 0.746] or patients requiring intraoperative blood transfusion [1(9.1%) vs. 7(30.4%), P = 0.227]. There was a trend towards fewer hepatectomyspecific complications in the CH group [3(27.3%) vs. 13(54.2%), P = 0.167], including PHLF(CH vs. EH: 0 vs. 29.2%, P = 0.072). Median length of stay was similar between groups [CH vs. EH: 9 days(5–23) vs. 12 days(4–85), P = 0.244]. Conclusions: CH has equivalent postoperative outcomes to EH. There is a trend towards fewer hepatectomy-specific complications, including PHLF. In appropriate patients, CH may be considered as a safe parenchyma-sparing alternative to EH.

关键词： Central hepatectomy Mesohepatectomy Central bisectionectomy Central bisegmentectomy Extended hepatectomy

Dismantling Marchandiomphalina into Agonimia(verrucariaceae)and Lawreymyces ***.(Corticiaceae):setting a precedent to the formal recognition of thousands of voucherless fungi based on type sequences

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Fungal Diversity 2017年第3期84卷 119-138页

作者： robert Lücking Bibiana Moncada Botanischer Garden und Botanisches Museum Freie Universitat BerlinKonigin-Luise-Straße 6-814195 BerlinGermany Licenciatura en Biologia Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de CaldasCra.4 No.26D-54Torre de LaboratoriosHerbarioBogotaD.C.Colombia

Based on an unexpected result of obtaining molecular sequence data from tropical representatives of the genus Normandina,we revised the biological concept of the neotropical taxon Marchandiomphalina *** obtained data let us conclude that *** is not a basidiomycete,as originally proposed,but belongs in verrucariaceae,in the genus Agonimia,including its perithecia which had been identified with the lichenicolous Norrlinia *** ITS(and nuLSU)sequences previously obtained from ***,seemingly confirming its status as a basidiomycete,are from an unmanifested lichenicolous fungus,present also in numerous specimens of *** data suggest the presence of seven lineages that can be recognized at the species level,forming two clusters:one cluster of three lineages found in thalli of ***,and a second cluster of four lineages found in thalli of *** pattern is similar to what has recently been found in the basidiomycete genus Cyphobasidium occurring predominantly in Parmeliaceae *** propose the combination of Omphalina foliacea into the genus Agonimia,as Agonimia foliacea(P.M.Jørg.)Lucking&Moncada,***.,and place Marchandiomphalina in synonymy with *** formally recognize the unnamed lichenicolous basidiomycete present in Agonimia and Normandina thalli,we take advantage of provision ICN Art.40.5 in the Code and describe the unmanifested fungus as a new genus,with seven new species,even if no physical type specimens can be preserved(except for the corresponding host lichens which,however,do not show the features of the fungus):Lawreymyces Lucking&Moncada,***.(Type:***),with *** Lucking&Moncada,***.,*** Lucking&Moncada,***.,*** Lucking&Moncada,***.,L,foliaceae Lucking&Moncada,***.,*** Lucking&Moncada,***.,*** Lucking&Moncada,***.,and *** Lucking&Moncada,*** opens the door to the formal recognition of thousands of spec

关键词： Artwork International Code of Nomenclature for algae,fungi,and plants Illustration Sequences as types Typification Work of art

Predicting the inhibition efficiencies of magnesium dissolution modulators using sparse machine learning models

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1783-1791页

作者： Elisabeth J.Schiessler Tim Würger Sviatlana v.Lamaka robert H.Meißner Christian J.Cyron Mikhail L.Zheludkevich Christian Feiler Roland C.Aydin Institute of Material Systems Modeling Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonGeesthachtGermany Institute of Surface Science Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonGeesthachtGermany Institute of Polymers and Composites Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Institute for Continuum and Material Mechanics Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Institute for Materials Science Faculty of EngineeringKiel UniversityKielGermany

The degradation behaviour of magnesium and its alloys can be tuned by small organic ***,an automatic identification of effective organic additives within the vast chemical space of potential compounds needs sophisticated ***,we propose two systematic approaches of sparse feature selection for identifying molecular descriptors that are most relevant for the corrosion inhibition efficiency of chemical *** is based on the classical statistical tool of analysis of variance,the other one based on random *** demonstrate how both can—when combined with deep neural networks—help to predict the corrosion inhibition efficiencies of chemical compounds for the magnesium alloy *** particular,we demonstrate that this framework outperforms predictions relying on a random selection of molecular ***,we point out how autoencoders could be used in the future to enable even more accurate automated predictions of corrosion inhibition efficiencies.

关键词： corrosion alloy magnesium

Update on the Development of Anti-viral Agents Against Hepatitis C

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2013年第1期1卷 9-21页

作者： Kristin L. MacArthur robert Smolic Martina v. Smolic Catherine H. Wu George Y. Wu Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA02215 Faculty of Medicine Osijek Croatia University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington CT USA Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington CT USA

Hepatitis C virus (HCv) infects nearly 170 million people worldwide and causes chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The search for a drug regimen that maximizes efficacy and minimizes side effects is quickly evolving. This review will discuss a wide range of drug targets currently in all phases of development for the treatment of HCv. Direct data from agents in phase Ⅲ/Ⅳ clinical trials will be presented, along with reported side-effect profiles. The mechanism of action of all treatments and resistance issues are highlighted. Special attention is given to available trial data supporting interferon-free treatment regimens. HCv has become an increasingly important public health concern, and it is important for physicians to stay up to date on the rapidly growing novel therapeutic options.

关键词： HCv Protease Polymerase Triple therapy Drug.

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飞机尾流控制的SPIv实验研究

实验流体力学 2009年第1期23卷 18-22页

作者：黄烁桥申功炘 robert Konrath Carl F.v. Carmer Kompenhans Jürgen 北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院流体所北京100191 Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology Germany Aerospace Center (DLR) Gottingen Germany

利用简化的飞机模型,通过改变尾翼的迎角及展弦比,试图建立一种能加速自我消亡的尾流涡系统。该实验在拖曳水槽中进行,运用SPIv(体视粒子图像测速技术)系统进行测量,获得了一系列空间切面的2D/3C(二维/三分量)数据,给出了三种不同尾翼情... 详细信息

利用简化的飞机模型,通过改变尾翼的迎角及展弦比,试图建立一种能加速自我消亡的尾流涡系统。该实验在拖曳水槽中进行,运用SPIv(体视粒子图像测速技术)系统进行测量,获得了一系列空间切面的2D/3C(二维/三分量)数据,给出了三种不同尾翼情况(两种有尾翼情况及一种无尾翼情况)下的SPIv观测结果,并将这几种情况作了对比。

关键词：尾流涡 SPIv Rayleigh-Ludwieg不稳定性飞机模型水槽

<i>Commentary</i>: Benzodiazepine (BZD) and Related BZD-Receptor Agonists: Basic Science Reasons to Limit to Four Weeks or Less

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2019年第8期10卷 357-364页

作者： robert B. Raffa Joseph v. Pergolizzi Neumentum Inc. Palo Alto CA USA Univ Arizona College of Pharmacy Tucson AZ USA Temple Univ. School of Pharmacy Philadelphia PA USA NEMA Research Inc. Naples FL USA

Benzodiazepines and related benzodiazepine-receptor agonists such as the pyrazolopyrimidinezalepl -on;?the imidazopyridine zolpidem;and the cyclopyrroloneszopiclone and eszopiclone, are among the most widely prescribed drugs, and for a variety of conditions. Surprisingly: 1) there are only a few conditions for which there is a good evidence basis, 2) efficacy has only been well demonstrated for short-term use (i.e., less than 4 weeks), and 3) much less is known about the basic science of these drugs than is widely believed. We suggest that the use of these drugs beyond four or less weeks exceeds the available knowledge base, so best-practice use suggests that the prescribing of these drugs for most patients should be limited to only short-term use until more is known about the basic pharmacology of their actions in the brain and in the periphery.

关键词： Benzodiazepine (BZD) BZD-Receptor Agonist Evidence-Based Short-Term Use

Differences in the Receptor Binding Profile of Lofexidine Compared to Clonidine

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2019年第1期10卷 1-10页

作者： robert B. Raffa Joseph v. Pergolizzi robert Taylor robert P. James Mark Pirner Neumentum Inc. Palo Alto CA USA University of Arizona College of Pharmacy Tucson AZ USA Temple University School of Pharmacy Philadelphia PA USA NEMA Research Inc. Naples FL USA US WorldMeds LLC Louisville KY USAs

Lucemyra? (lofexidine hydrochloride) has recently been approved by the US FDA for the mitigation of withdrawal symptoms to facilitate abrupt discontinuation of opioids in adults. Lofexidine is an alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist. However, the clinical attributes of lofexidine differ in advantageous ways from the classical alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist clonidine. In the present study, we measured the receptor binding profile of lofexidine and clonidine in an effort to gain an insight into the clinical difference(s).

关键词： Lofexidine Clonidine Opioid Withdrawal Receptor Affinity Alpha-2 Agonist