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Development,validation and comparison of multivariable risk scores for prediction of total stroke and stroke types in Chinese adults:a prospective study of 0.5 million adults

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第4期7卷 328-336,I0023-I0045页

作者： Matthew Chun robert Clarke tingting Zhu David Clifton Derrick A bennett Yiping Chen Yu Guo Pei Pei Jun Lv Canqing Yu Ling Yang Liming Li Zhengming Chen Benjamin J Cairns 无 Clinical trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordOxfordUK Department of Biomedical Engineering Oxford-Suzhou Centre for Advanced ResearchSuzhouChina Medical Research Council Health Research Unit Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK CKB Project Department Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina CKB Project Department Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina Department of Epidemiology Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and ResponseBeijingChina On behalf of the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group

Background and purpose Low-income and middle-income countries have the greatest stroke burden,yet remain *** study compared the utility of Framingham versus novel risk scores for prediction of total stroke and stroke types in Chinese *** China Kadoorie Biobank(CKB)is a prospective study of 512726 adults,aged 30-79 years,recruited from 10 areas in China in *** 1 January 2018,43234 incident first stroke cases(36310 ischaemic stroke(IS);8865 haemorrhagic stroke(HS))were recorded in 503842 participants with no history of stroke at *** compared the predictive utility of the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile(FSRP)with novel CKB stroke risk scores and included recalibration,refitting,stratifying by study area and addition of other risk *** was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)and calibration was assessed using Greenwood-Nam-D’Agostinoχ^(2) *** Incidence of total stroke varied fivefold by area in *** FSRP had good discrimination for total stroke(AUC(95%CI);men:0.78(0.77 to 0.79),women:0.77(95%CI 0.76 to 0.78)),but poor calibration(χ^(2);men:1,825,women:3,053),substantially underestimating absolute *** reducedχ^(2) by>80%,but did not improve *** the FSRP did not materially improve discrimination,but further improved *** by area improved discrimination(AUC;men:0.82(0.82 to 0.83);women:0.82(0.82 to 0.83)),but not *** other risk factors yielded modest,but statistically significant,improvements in the *** findings for IS and HS were similar to those for total *** the FSRP reliably differentiated Chinese adults with incident stroke,but substantially underestimated the absolute risks of *** local risk prediction equations that took account of differences in stroke incidence within China enhanced risk prediction of total stroke and major stroke pathological type

关键词： prediction income absolute

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Serelaxin increases the antifibrotic action of rosiglitazone in a model of hepatic fibrosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第22期23卷 3999-4006页

作者： robert G bennett Ronda L Simpson Frederick G Hamel Research Service Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System Department of Internal Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center

AIM to determine the effect of combined serelaxin and rosiglitazone treatment on established hepatic *** Hepatic fibrosis was induced in mice by carbon tetrachloride administration for 6 wk, or vehicle alone(nonfibrotic mice). For the final 2 wk, mice were treated with rosiglitazone, serelaxin, or both rosiglitazone and serelaxin. Serum liver enzymes and relaxin levels were determined by standard methods. the degree of liver collagen content was determined by histology and immunohistochemistry. Expression of type?Ⅰ?collagen was determined by quantitative PCR. Activation of hepatic stellate cells was assessed by alpha-smoothmuscle actin(SMA) levels. Liver peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha(PGC1α) was determined by Western *** treatment of mice with CCl4 resulted in hepatic fibrosis as evidenced by increased liver enzyme levels(ALt and ASt), and increased liver collagen and SMA. Monotherapy with either serelaxin or rosiglitazone for 2 wk was generally without effect. In contrast, the combination of serelaxin and rosiglitazone resulted in significantly improved ALt levels(P total liver collagen content as determined by Sirius red staining revealed that only combination treatment was effective in reducing total liver collagen(P these results were supported by immunohistochemistry for type?Ⅰ?collagen, in which only combination treatment reduced fibrillar collagen levels(P the level of hepatic stellate cell activation was modestly, but significantly, reduced by serelaxin treatment alone, but combination treatment resulted in significantly lower SMA levels. Finally, while hepatic fibrosis reduced liver PGC1α levels, the combination of serelaxin and rosiglitazone resulted in restoration of PGC1α protein *** the combination of serelaxin and rosiglitazone treatment for 2 wk was effective in significantly reducing established hepatic fibrosis, providing a potential new treatmen

关键词：松弛激素 Peroxisome 激活 proliferator 的受体肝肝硬化肝疾病纤维变性

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Hydrologic time Scale:A Fundamental Stream Characteristic

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第5期33卷 1291-1297页

作者： robert E.Criss Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO63130USA

A new,fundamental catchment attribute called the hydrologic time scaleτgoverns the rate of delivery of runoff to a particular site,and is equal to∫Qdt/∫|dQ|,where Q is discharge and t is *** value ofτfor any gauged site is readily calculated from tabulated discharge data by replacing the integrals with *** quantity,coupled with the square root of catchment area,√A,form a coordinate pair that embodies the characteristic time and length scales for any catchment,which govern its flow *** fitting constants used in several unit hydrograph models are simple multiples ofτ,so knowledge ofτallows rapid calibration of these models for the particular site,facilitating flow prediction from rainfall *** ofτreflect many different landscape attributes,but for multiple sub-basins in watersheds with homogeneous land use and lithologic conditions,they correlate linearly with √*** ratio √A/τprovides a characteristic velocity that is high for channelized,floodprone rivers,for flashy urban streams with high impervious cover,and for sites downstream of hydropower *** with low velocities are resistant to flooding,as their landscapes have a greater ability to delay the delivery of runoff by retention,detention,and infiltration into the groundwater system.

关键词： unit hydrograph time constant flash floods impervious cover urban streams flashiness hydrogeology

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Metamaterial-based octave-wide terahertz bandpass filters

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Photonics Research 2023年第4期11卷 526-532页

作者： ALI MALEKI AVINASH SINGH AHMED JABER WEI CUI YONGBAO XIN BRIAN t.SULLIVAN robert W.BOYD JEAN-MICHEL MÉNARD Department of Physics University of OttawaOttawaOntario K1N 6N5Canada Iridian Spectral technologies Ltd OttawaOntario K1G 6R8Canada School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of OttawaOttawaOntario K1N 6N5Canada Institute of Optics and Department of Physics and Astronomy University of RochesterRochesterNew York 14627USA

We present octave-wide bandpass filters in the terahertz(tHz)region based on bilayer-metamaterial(BLMM)*** passband region has a super-Gaussian shape with a maximum transmittance approaching 70%and a typical stopband rejection of 20 *** design is based on a metasurface consisting of a metallic squarehole array deposited on a transparent polymer,which is stacked on top of an identical metasurface with a subwavelength *** superimposed metasurface structures were designed using finite-difference time-domain(FDtD)simulations and fabricated using a photolithography *** characterization of these structures between 0.3 and 5.8 tHz is performed with a time-domain tHz spectroscopy *** agreement between experiment and simulation results is *** also demonstrated that two superimposed BLMM(2BLMM)devices increase the steepness of the roll-offs to more than 85 dB/octave and enable a superior stopband rejection approaching 40 dB while the maximum transmittance remains above 65%.this work paves the way toward new tHz applications,including the detection of tHz pulses centered at specific frequencies,and an enhanced time-resolved detection sensitivity toward molecular vibrations that are noise dominated by a strong,off-resonant,driving field.

关键词： process. field. approaching

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Obesity is associated with decreased risk of microscopic colitis in women

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第2期28卷 230-241页

作者： robert S Sandler temitope O Keku John t Woosley Dale P Sandler Joseph A Galanko Anne F Peery Department of Medicine University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27514-7555United States Department of Medicine University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27514-7555United States Department of PathologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27514United States Department of Health and Human Services National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesDurhamNC 27709United States

BACKGROUND Microscopic colitis is a leading cause of diarrhea in the older *** is limited information about risk *** hypothesized that obesity would be associated with microscopic *** to examine the association between obesity and microscopic colitis in men and women undergoing *** We conducted a case-control study at the University of North Carolina *** identified and enrolled men and women referred for elective,outpatient colonoscopy for chronic *** excluded patients with a past diagnosis of Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.A research pathologist reviewed biopsies on every patient and classified them as microscopic colitis cases or non-microscopic colitis *** provided information on body weight,height and exposure to medications via structured interviews or Internet based *** analysis included 110 patients with microscopic colitis(cases)and 252 nonmicroscopic colitis *** analyses were performed using logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95%confidence *** Cases were older and more likely than controls to be white *** subjects were well educated,but cases were better educated than *** with microscopic colitis had lower body mass index than controls and reported more weight loss after the onset of *** to patients who were normal or under-weight,obese(BMI>30 kg/m2)patients were substantially less likely to have microscopic colitis after adjusting for age and education,adjusted OR(aOR)0.35,95%confidence interval(CI)0.18-0.66).When stratified by sex,the association was limited to obese women,aOR 0.21,95%CI:*** with microscopic colitis were more likely to report weight loss after the onset of *** stratifying by weight loss,there remained a strong inverse association between obesity and microscopic colitis,aOR 0.33,95%CI:0.10-1.11 among the patients who did not lose *** use of birth

关键词： Colitis Microscopic/epidemiology Humans Diarrhea/epidemiology Obesity

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Perceived stigma and quality of life in Parkinson’s disease with additional health conditions

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General Psychiatry 2022年第3期35卷 192-200页

作者： Samia S Islam Sandy Neargarder Shraddha B Kinger Joshua t Fox-Fuller robert D Salazar Alice Cronin-Golomb Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Boston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Psychology Bridgewater State UniversityBridgewaterMassachusettsUSA

Background Parkinson’s disease(PD)is associated with perceived stigma and affects quality of life(QoL).Additional health conditions may influence these consequences of *** this study assessed the impact of health conditions on perceived stigma and QoL in persons with *** hypothesised that individuals with more health conditions would report more stigma and poorer *** also examined the contributions of demographic and clinical characteristics to the correlations between health conditions and perceived stigma/*** We identified 196 eligible participants from the Boston University Online Survey Study of Parkinson’s Disease and examined their health history,performance on multiple stigma measures,and scores on the 39-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire assessing *** At least one health condition was reported by 79%of the sample,with a median of 2 and a range of 0–7 health *** perceived stigma and poorer QoL were associated with thyroid disease,depression,anxiety,and the total number of health *** correlations were related to younger age,less education,and earlier disease *** health conditions(high blood pressure,back/leg surgery,headache,cancer/tumours,and heart disease)were not significantly correlated with stigma or *** Having more health conditions,or thyroid disease,depression,or anxiety,was associated with more perceived stigma and poorer QoL,with younger age,less education,and earlier disease onset affecting the *** is important to consider the burden of health conditions and how they affect persons with PD with specific clinical characteristics.

关键词： younger life education

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Sodium modification of zirconia catalysts for ethanol coupling to 1-butanol

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2013年第1期22卷 58-64页

作者： Joseph t. Kozlowski robert J. Davis Department of Chemical Engineering University of Virginia

the influences of adding sodium to zirconia on the acid-base properties of the surface and on the catalytic conversion of ethanol and acetone were investigated. the rates of ethanol dehydration, dehydrogenation and coupling were evaluated in a fixed-bed flow reactor operating at temperatures from 613 to 673 K. the rate of acetone condensation was evaluated in the same reactor operating at 473-573 K. Addition of 1.0 wt% Na to ZrO2 decreased the rate of ethanol dehydration by more than an order of magnitude, which was consistent with a neutralization of acid sites evaluated by ammonia adsorption microcalorimetry. Addition of 1.0 wt% Na to ZrO2 also increased the base site density quantified by carbon dioxide adsorption microcalorimetry and the rate of acetone condensation. Although the rate of ethanol coupling was not increased by the addition of Na, the overall selectivity of ethanol to butanol was improved over the 1.0 wt% Na/ZrO2 sample because of the significant inhibition of ethanol dehydration.

关键词： Guerbet reaction alcohol condensation zirconia microcalorimetry acetone condensation

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traumatic brain injury and sight loss in military and veteran populations–a review

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Military Medical Research 2022年第1期9卷 71-85页

作者： Syeda F.Hussain Zara Raza Andrew t.G.Cash thomas Zampieri robert A.Mazzoli Randy H.Kardon Renata S.M.Gomes Research&Innovation Blind Veterans UK12-14 Harcourt StreetLondon W1H 4HDUK. Bravo Victor Research12-14 Harcourt StreetLondon W1H 4HDUK Blinded Veterans Association 1101 King StreetSuite 300AlexandriaVirginia 22314USA Department of Ophthalmology Madigan Army Medical Center9040 Jackson AvenueTacomaWashington 98431USA lowa City VA Health Care System and Iowa City VA Center for the Prevention and treatment of Visual Loss Iowa CityIowa 52246USA department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The University of IowaIowa CityIowa 52242USA Northern Hub for Veterans and Military Families Research Department of NursingMidwifery and HealthFaculty of Health and Life SciencesNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle NE77XAUK.

War and combat exposure pose great risks to the vision *** recently,vision related deficiencies and impairments have become common with the increased use of powerful explosive devices and the subsequent rise in incidence of traumatic brain injury(tBI).Studies have looked at the effects of injury severity,aetiology of injury and the stage at which visual problems become *** was little discrepancy found between the frequencies or types of visual dysfunctions across blast and non-blast related groups,however complete sight loss appeared to occur only in those who had a blast-related ***,the more severe the injury,the greater the likelihood of specific visual disturbances occurring,and a study found total sight loss to only occur in cases with greater *** of mild tBI(mtBI)is *** able to identify a potential tBI via visual symptoms may offer a new avenue for diagnosis.

关键词： traumatic brain injury Visual impairment Military Veteran

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New developments in Western blot technology

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2015年第4期26卷 416-418页

作者： Shi Jin robert t.Kennedy Department of Chemistry University of Michigan

Western blotting is a highly valued method for protein identification and relative quantitation in complex samples. It combines size-based electrophoretic separation with immunoaffinity to identify specific proteins. this technique remains popular and has become a workhorse in biochemical research and clinical laboratories. Despite its utility and popularity, this method has many limitations including slow analysis, incompatibility with limited sample application, low throughput and low information content. Recently there has been significant success in improving different aspects of Western blotting. In this review, we provide an overview of the developments in the area of improving conventional Western blotting methods with a focus on recent developments in microfluidic Western blotting. We overview different separation platforms, and discuss studies on protein transfer methods as well as protein immobilization methods and chemistries. We also describe integrated miniaturized platforms that can perform rapid separations and immunodetections.

关键词： Western blotMicrofluidicGel electrophoresislmmunoassay

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Diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome:Increasingly difficult

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第39期18卷 5495-5503页

作者： tetsuhide Ito Guillaume Cadiot robert t Jensen Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuoka 812-8582Japan Hepato-Gastroenterology Service Centre hospitalier universitaire de ReimsHospital Robert DebreF-51092 ReimsFrance Digestive Diseases Branch National Insitutes of DiabetesDigestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892United States

In the present paper the increasing difficulty of diag-nosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) due to issues raised in two recent papers is discussed. these issues involve the difficulty and need to withdraw patients suspected of ZES from treatment with Proton Pump Inhibitors (omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, pantoprazole) and the unreliability of many gastrin radioimmunoassays. the clinical context of each of these important issues is reviewed and the conclusions in these articles commented from the per-spective of clinical management.

关键词：综合征诊断质子泵抑制剂临床管理放射免疫法奥美拉唑兰索拉唑胃泌素

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