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three-stage pyrolysis–steam reforming–water gas shift processing of household,commercial and industrial waste plastics for hydrogen production

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第1期6卷 25-37页

作者： Rayed Alshareef robert Sait-Stewart Mohamad A.Nahil Paul t.Williams School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Five common single plastics and nine different household,commercial and industrial waste plastics were processed using a three-stage(i)pyrolysis,(ii)catalytic steam reforming and(iii)water gas shift reaction system to produce *** of plastics produces a range of different hydrocarbon species which are subsequently catalytically steam reformed to produce H_(2)and CO and then undergo water gas shift reaction to produce further H_(2).the process mimics the commercial process for hydrogen production from natural *** of the single polyalkene plastics(high-density polyethylene(HDPE),low-density polyethylene(LDPE),and polypropylene(PP))produced similar H_(2)yields between 115 mmol and 120 mmol per gram *** though PS produced an aromatic product slate from the pyrolysis stage,further stages of reforming and water gas shift reaction produced a gas yield and composition similar to that of the polyalkene plastics(115 mmol H_(2)per gram plastic).PEt gave significantly lower H_(2)yield(41 mmol per gram plastic)due to the formation of mainly CO,CO_(2)and organic acids from the pyrolysis stage which were not conducive to further reforming and water gas shift reaction.A mixture of the single plastics typical of that found in municipal solid waste produced a H_(2)yield of 102 mmol per gram *** the gas yields and composition from the single plastics enabled an estimation of the yields from a simulated waste plastic mixture and a‘real-world’waste plastic mixture to be *** different household,commercial and industrial waste plastic mixtures produced H_(2)yields between 70 mmol and 107 mmol per gram *** H_(2)yield and gas composition from the single waste plastics gave an indication of the type of plastics in the mixed waste plastic samples.

关键词： Waste plastic Hydrogen Catalyst Pyrolysis reforming Water gas shift

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the Impact of Opioid Drugs on Memory and Other Cognitive Functions: A Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第4期12卷 264-287页

作者： Mason t. bennett Yuliya Modna Dev Kumar Shah School of Biomedical Sciences Trinity Medical Sciences University Kingstown Saint Vincent and Grenadines Department of Physiology Trinity Medical Sciences University Kingstown Saint Vincent and Grenadines

Background and Purpose: Opioids, used for centuries to alleviate pain, have become a double-edged sword. While effective, they come with a host of adverse effects, including memory and cognition impairment. this review delves into the impact of opioid drugs on cognitive functions, explores underlying mechanisms, and investigates their prevalence in both medical care and illicit drug use. the ultimate goal is to find ways to mitigate their potential harm and address the ongoing opioid crisis. Methods: We sourced data from PubMed and Google Scholar, employing search combinations like “opioids,” “memory,” “cognition,” “amnesia,” “cognitive function,” “executive function,” and “inhibition.” Our focus was on English-language articles spanning from the inception of these databases up to the present. Results: the literature consistently reveals that opioid use, particularly at high doses, adversely affects memory and other cognitive functions. Longer deliberation times, impaired decision-making, impulsivity, and behavioral disorders are common consequences. Chronic high-dose opioid use is associated with conditions such as amnesiac syndrome (OAS), post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), depression, anxiety, sedation, and addiction. Alarming trends show increased opioid use over recent decades, amplifying the risk of these outcomes. Conclusion: Opioids cast a shadow over memory and cognitive function. these effects range from amnesiac effects, lessened cognitive function, depression, and more. Contributing factors include over-prescription, misuse, misinformation, and prohibition policies. Focusing on correct informational campaigns, removing punitive policies, and focusing on harm reduction strategies have been shown to lessen the abuse and use of opioids and thus helping to mitigate the adverse effects of these drugs. Further research into the impacts of opioids on cognitive abilities is also needed as they are well demonstrated in

关键词： Opioids Memory Cognition Pain

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Protocol for the development and validation of a clinical measurement tool for fear of disease progression and recurrence in cardiac patients

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Chronic Diseases and translational Medicine 2024年第3期10卷 195-204页

作者： Sarah t.Clarke Michael Le Grande Barbara M.Murphy robert Hester Alun C.Jackson Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Australian Centre for Heart Health MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Centre on Behavioral Health University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina

Introduction: One in two cardiac patients fear having another heart event or their heart condition getting worse. Research in other chronic illnesses demonstrates that screening for fear of progression and recurrence is vital for adequately addressing such concerns in clinical care. the current project aims to develop and validate a measure for fear of progression and recurrence in cardiac ***: the Fear of Cardiac Recurrence and Progression Scale (FCRP) will be developed through a multistep process. An initial item pool will be generated through a review of the literature and existing measures and consultation with and feedback from key informants. the item pool will be tested in a sample of over 250 adults who have ever had an acute coronary event, undergone cardiac surgery, or a chronic cardiac condition. Exploratory factor analysis will be used to identify the underlying factors, and Rasch analysis will be used to reduce the number of items. A short form version of the FCRP will be developed for use as a brief screening tool, informed by clinical relevance and Rasch psychometric ***: While many cardiac patients experience fears related to the progression or recurrence of their illness, there remains the need for a validated tool with which these concerns can be identified and measured. It is expected that the design and validation of the FCRP will aid identification of cardiac patients suffering from clinically significant levels of fear of progression and recurrence and facilitate the design of tailored psychological interventions to target these fears.

关键词： anxiety cardiac anxiety cardiac recovery cardiac rehabilitation depression fear of progression fear of recurrence psychological measurement psychosocial screening

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Characterization of optimal resting tension in human pulmonary arteries

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World Journal of Cardiology 2016年第9期8卷 553-558页

作者： Azar Hussain robert t bennett Mubarak A Chaudhry Syed S Qadri Mike Cowen Alyn H Morice Mahmoud Loubani Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Castle Hill Hospital Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Hull York Medical SchoolCastle Hill Hospital

AIM to determine the optimum resting tension(ORt) for in vitro human pulmonary artery(PA) ring *** Pulmonary arteries were dissected from disease free sections of the resected lung in the operating theatre and tissue samples were directly sent to the laboratory in Krebs-Henseleit solution(Krebs).the pulmonary arteries were then cut into 2 mm long *** rings were mounted in 25 m L organ baths or 8 m L myograph chambers containing Krebs compound(37 ℃,bubbled with 21% O_2:5% CO_2) to measure changes in isometric *** resting tension was set at 1-gram force(gf) with vessels being left static to equilibrate for duration of one *** contractile reactions to 40 mmol/L KCl were obtained from a resting tension of 1 *** reactions to 40 mmol/L KCl were then obtained from stepwise increases in resting tension(1.2,1.4,1.6,1.8 and 2.0 gf).RESULtS twenty PA rings of internal diameter between 2-4 mmwere prepared from 4 *** human PA rings incrementing the tension during rest stance by 0.6 gf,up to 1.6 gf significantly augmented the 40 mmol/L KCl stimulated *** enhancement of active tension by 0.4 gf,up to 2.0 gf mitigate the 40 mmol/L KCl stimulated *** Myograph and the organ bath demonstrated identical conclusions,supporting that the radial optimal resting tension for human PA ring was 1.61 *** the radial optimal resting tension in our experiment is 1.61 gf(15.78 m N) for human PA rings.

关键词： Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary artery Optimal resting tension Pulmonary artery rings Human

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Differential effects of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides on human pulmonary artery:An in vitro study

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World Journal of Cardiology 2019年第10期11卷 236-243页

作者： Azar Hussain robert t bennett Zaheer tahir Emmanuel Isaac Mubarak A Chaudhry Syed S Qadri Mahmoud Loubani Alyn H Morice Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Castle Hill HospitalCottingham HU165JQUnited Kingdom Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Hull York Medical SchoolCastle Hill HospitalCottingham HU165JQUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases,especially heart failure,continues to rise *** heart failure,increasing levels of circulating atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)are associated with a worsening of heart failure and a poor *** to test whether a high concentration of BNP would inhibit relaxation to *** Pulmonary arteries were dissected from disease-free areas of lung resection,as well as pulmonary artery rings of internal diameter 2.5–3.5 mm and 2 mm long,were *** artery rings were mounted in a multiwire myograph,and a basal tension of 1.61gf was *** equilibration for 60 min,rings were pre-constricted with 11.21μmol/L PGF2α(EC80),and concentration response curves were constructed to vasodilators by cumulative addition to the myograph *** Although both ANP and BNP were found to vasodilate the pulmonary vessels,ANP is more potent than ***50 of ANP and BNP were 8.96±0.21 and 7.54±0.18,respectively,and the maximum efficacy(Emax)for ANP and BNP was-2.03 gf and-0.24 gf,*** addition of BNP,the Emax of ANP reduced from-0.96gf to-0.675gf(P=0.28).CONCLUSION BNP could be acting as a partial agonist in small human pulmonary arteries,and inhibits relaxation to *** levels of circulating BNP could be responsible for the worsening of decompensated heart *** finding could also explain the disappointing results seen in clinical trials of ANP and BNP analogues for the treatment of heart failure.

关键词： Heart failure Atrial natriuretic peptide Brain natriuretic peptide In-vitro Humans

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Nitrate reduction capacity of the oral microbiota is impaired in periodontitis:potential implications for systemic nitric oxide availability

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International Journal of Oral Science 2024年第1期16卷 52-61页

作者： Bob t.Rosier William Johnston Miguel Carda-Diéguez Annabel Simpson Elena Cabello-Yeves Krystyna Piela robert Reilly Alejandro Artacho Chris Easton Mia Burleigh Shauna Culshaw Alex Mira Department of Genomics and Health FISABIO FoundationCenter for Advanced Research in Public HealthValenciaSpain Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Glasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowUK Oral Sciences University of Glasgow Dental SchoolSchool of MedicineDentistry and NursingCollege of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute University of the West of ScotlandBlantyreScotland Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(IBV-CSIC)ValenciaSpain CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health MadridSpain

the reduction of nitrate to nitrite by the oral microbiota has been proposed to be important for oral health and results in nitric oxide formation that can improve cardiometabolic conditions. Studies of bacterial composition in subgingival plaque suggest that nitrate-reducing bacteria are associated with periodontal health, but the impact of periodontitis on nitrate-reducing capacity(NRC)and, therefore, nitric oxide availability has not been evaluated. the current study aimed to evaluate how periodontitis affects the NRC of the oral microbiota. First, 16S rRNA sequencing data from five different countries were analyzed, revealing that nitratereducing bacteria were significantly lower in subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients compared with healthy individuals(P tasets with n = 20–82 samples per dataset). Secondly, subgingival plaque, saliva, and plasma samples were obtained from 42 periodontitis patients before and after periodontal treatment. the oral NRC was determined in vitro by incubating saliva with 8 mmol/L nitrate(a concentration found in saliva after nitrate-rich vegetable intake) and compared with the NRC of 15healthy individuals. Salivary NRC was found to be diminished in periodontal patients before treatment(P t recovered to healthy levels 90 days post-treatment. Additionally, the subgingival levels of nitrate-reducing bacteria increased after treatment and correlated negatively with periodontitis-associated bacteria(P t effect of periodontal treatment on the baseline saliva and plasma nitrate and nitrite levels was found, indicating that differences in the NRC may only be revealed after nitrate intake. Our results suggest that an impaired NRC in periodontitis could limit dietary nitrate-derived nitric oxide levels, and the effect on systemic health should be explored in future studies.

关键词： impaired intake nitrate

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水基Ag-SiO纳米流体分频光伏/光热集热器功能单元性能实验研究

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新能源进展 2024年

作者：刘仙萍田东 tAYLOR robert A 湖南科技大学土木工程学院新南威尔士大学机械与制造工程学院

以纳米流体分频的光伏/光热（PV/t）集热器能使光伏和光热模块的工作温度解耦，从而获得更高的太阳能综合利用效率。以水基Ag-SiO2纳米流体为分频液和集热工质，设计新型的分频PV/t集热器结构，研究在Ag-SiO2纳米流体4种质量浓度和运行... 详细信息

以纳米流体分频的光伏/光热（PV/t）集热器能使光伏和光热模块的工作温度解耦，从而获得更高的太阳能综合利用效率。以水基Ag-SiO2纳米流体为分频液和集热工质，设计新型的分频PV/t集热器结构，研究在Ag-SiO2纳米流体4种质量浓度和运行条件下，分频PV/t集热器功能单元的热、电性能。结果表明：Ag-SiO2纳米流体的质量浓度显著影响PV/t集热器功能单元的性能，质量浓度为0.025%时，综合效率约为63.21%，比水为分频流体时的综合效率提升约38.04%；得出水基Ag-SiO2纳米流体分频时PV/t集热器功能单元的热、电效率和综合效率与不同纳米颗粒质量浓度的拟合关系式，为通过控制纳米流体质量浓度参数从而调节PV/t集热器的热、电输出提供理论依据。

关键词：太阳能纳米流体光谱分频光伏/光热系统质量浓度

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Advances in discovery of novel investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B:A comprehensive review of phases II and III therapeutic agents

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 331-343页

作者： robert Lam Joseph K Lim Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States

Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection affects over 295 million people globally and an estimated 1.6 million people in the United *** is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to cirrhosis,liver failure,and liver *** therapy with oral nucleos(t)ide analogues is associated with high rates of virologic suppression,which in turn has been associated with a decreased risk of liver ***,current antiviral regimens are limited by concerns with adverse effects,adherence,resistance,long-term treatment,and ongoing risk for liver *** investigational agents are currently in development and are targeted at achieving functional cure with sustained hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)loss and suppression of HBV *** we review key evidence from phases II and III trials defining the efficacy and safety profiles for key investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B,including core/capsid inhibitors,entry inhibitors,RNA interference(siRNA/ASO),HBsAg inhibitors,toll-like receptor agonists,checkpoint inhibitors,and therapeutic vaccines.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus treatment Clinical trials RNA interference Entry inhibitors Core inhibitors Immunomodulators

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Excess dietary Lys reduces feed intake, stimulates jejunal CCK secretion and alters essential and non‑essential blood AA profile in pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1336-1346页

作者： Maximiliano Muller Elout Van Liefferinge Alan tilbrook robert van Barneveld Eugeni Roura Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality(LANUPRO) Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic EcologyGhent University339000 GhentFlandersBelgium Centre for Animal Science Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation and the School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia SunPork Group BrisbaneQueensland 4009Australia

Background Commercial diets are frequently formulated to meet or exceed nutrient levels including those of lim-iting essential amino acids(AA)covering potential individual variations within the ***,the provision of dietary excess of AA,such as Lys,may lead to reduced appetite and growth in *** mechanisms modulat-ing these responses have not been extensively *** study evaluated the effect of Lys dietary excesses on performance and satiety biomarkers in post weaning *** twenty-four pigs aged 21 d and weighing 6.81±0.12kg(mean±SEM)were individually housed and offered 1 of 4 dietary treatments for 3weeks:a diet containing a standardized ileal digestible Lys reaching 100%(t0),120%(t1),150%(t2)or 200%(t3)of the NRC(2012)*** the end of the experiment,blood samples from the cephalic vein of the t0 and t3 groups were obtained for AA *** addition,primary intestinal cultures from t0 pigs were used,following their humane killing,to evaluate the effect of Lys on gut hormone secretion and AA sensors gene expression under ex vivo *** Feed intake was linearly reduced(Pthe weight gain to feed ratio reduced(Pth increased dietary levels of Lys during the third-and first-week post weaning,*** con-centration(Pthe metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 and the solute carrier family 7 member 2(Ptissues incubated with Lys at 20mmol/L when compared to the control(Lys 0mmol/L).Plasma Lys and Glu(Ptration increased in the t3 compared to t0 *** contrast,plasma levels of His,Val,thr,Leu(Pt3 than t0 *** the present results confirm that excess dietary Lys inhibits hunger in ***,the results provide evidence of pre-and post-absorptive mechanisms modulating these *** dietary excesses should be nar-rowed,when possible,to avoid negative effects of

关键词： Amino acid Blood Cholecystokinin Feed intake Lysine Pig Satiety

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Coverage and determinants of infant postnatal care in Nigeria:A population-based cross-sectional study

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Pediatric Investigation 2024年第1期8卷 27-36页

作者： Bolaji Emmanuel Egbewale Olusola Oyedeji Jesse Bump Christopher robert Sudfeld Department of Global Health and Population Takemi Program in International HealthHarvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Community Medicine College of Health SciencesLadoke Akintola University of TechnologyOgbomosoNigeria Department of Pediatrics and Child Health College of Health SciencesLadoke Akintola University of TechnologyOgbomosoNigeria

Importance:In 2019,Nigeria had the largest number of under-5 child deaths globally and many of these deaths occurred within the first week of *** World Health Organization recommends infant postnatal care(PNC)attendance to support newborn survival;however,utilization of PNC is known to be low in many ***:this study examined coverage and individual-level determinants of infant PNC attendance in ***:Nigeria Demographic Health Survey(NDHS)2018 data were used to evaluate infant PNC coverage and *** PNC was defined as receipt of care within 2 days of *** delivered up to 2 years before the 2018 NDHS were *** examined predictors of infant PNC with modified Poisson regression models to estimate relative risks(RRs).Results:the national coverage of infant PNC was 37.3%(95%confidence interval[CI]:35.8%–38.7%).Significant heterogeneity in PNC attendance existed at state and regional *** delivery was strongly associated with the uptake of PNC(RR:6.07;95%CI:5.60–6.58).Greater maternal education,maternal employment,urban residence,female head of household,and greater wealth were also associated with an increased likelihood of PNC ***:the uptake of infant PNC is low and interventions are urgently needed to promote equity in access and increase demand for PNC in Nigeria.

关键词： Infant postnatal care Epidemiology Coverage Determinants Nigeria

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