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Redefinition of Fatty Liver Disease from NAFLD to MAFLD through the Lens of Drug Development and Regulatory Science

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第2期10卷 374-382页

作者： Yasser Fouad Melissa Palmer Minjun Chen Arie Regev Rajarshi Banerjee Rob Myers robert riccio Richard Torstenson Ramy Younes Puneet SArora Henrik Landgren Morten A.Karsdal Martin Blake David A.Shapiro Hans-Juergen Gruss Muhammad Y.Sheikh Dina Attia Steven Bollipo Alastair D.Smith Bradley Freilich robert G.Gish Detlef Schuppan Department of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand Endemic MedicineFaculty of MedicineMinia UniversityMiniaEgypt Gan-nex/Ascletis Pharma Co Ltd BeijingChina Liver Consulting LLC New YorkNYUSA Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatis-tics National Center for Toxicological ResearchUS Food and Drug AdministrationJeffersonARUSA Eli Lilly and Company IndianapolisINUSA Perspectum Diagnostics Ltd OxfordUK Gilead Sciences Inc Foster CityCAUSA Syneos Health LLC MorrisvilleNCUSA Allergan Marlow International BuckinghamshireUKAstraZenecaCambridgeUK Boehringer Ingel-heim International GmbHIngelheimGermany Genentech IncSouth San FranciscoCAUSA AbbVie MarlowBuck-inghamshireUK Nordic Bioscience A/S HerlevDenmark Resonance Health BurswoodWAAustralia Intercept Phar-maceuticals Inc San DiegoCAUSA Fresno Clinical Research Center FresnoCAUSA Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department Beni-Suef UniversityBeni SuefEgypt Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy John Hunter HospitalNewcastleNSWAustralia School of Medicine and Public Health University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia Kan-sas City Research Institute Kansas CityMOUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Loma Linda UniversityLoma LindaCAUSA Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy University Medical CenterMainzGermany Division of Gastroenterology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Metabolic(dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)affects a third of the population and is a leading cause of liver-related *** no effective treatments exist,novel approaches to drug development are ***,outdated terminology and definitions of the disease are hampering efforts to develop new drugs and *** international consensus panel has put forth an influential proposal for the disease to be renamed from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)to MAFLD,includ-ing a proposal for how the disease should be *** allies with the many stakeholders in MAFLD care―including patients,patients’advocates,clinicians,researchers,nurse and allied health groups,regional societies,and others―we are aware of the negative consequences of the NAFLD term and *** share the sense of urgency for change and will act in new ways to achieve our *** there is much work to be done to overcome clinical inertia and reverse worrisome recent trends,the MAFLD initiative provides a firm foundation to build *** provides a roadmap for moving for-ward toward more efficient care and affordable,sustainable drug and device innovation in MAFLD *** hope it will bring promising new opportunities for a brighter future for MAFLD care and improve care and outcomes for patients of one of the globe’s largest and costliest public health *** this viewpoint,we have revisited this initiative through the perspectives of drug development and regulatory science.

关键词： NAFLD MAFLD NASH Fatty liver disease Liver Fibrosis

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Motility of Stallion Spermatozoa after Centrifugation and Cooling in INRA96 or Walworth Extender

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2016年第2期6卷 143-147页

作者： Gabrielle Nicolette riccio Robyn Ellienne Ellerbrock Igor Frederico Canisso robert Victor Knox Kevin Halden Kline Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 1207 West Gregory Drive Urbana IL 61801 USA Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA

A total of 18 ejaculates were collected, once per week, from six fertile stallions for three consecutive weeks in October and November, to compare motility over time between extenders using four semen processing treatments. Four total aliquots of semen were used. Two aliquots of each semen collection were extended in either INRA96 or an experimental proprietary milk-based extender Walworth （WW） extender, and each was designed for multi-day storage of fresh chilled semen. Each aliquot was divided again, and either centrifuged at 600 μg for 10 min without cushion, or not centrifuged and extended to a final concentration of 25 × 10^6 spermatozoa/mL. The treatments evaluated were INRA96 without centrifugation （INRA-NC） or with centrifugation （INRA-C）, and Walworth extender without centrifugation （WW-NC） or with centrifugation （WW-C）. Total and progressive motility were measured using Sperm Vision~ CASA at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h post-collection. Samples were stored at 4 ℃. No differences were found between extenders in progressive （P = 0.13） or total motility （P = 0.14） over the four different time points without centrifugation. However, ejaculates processed in INRA-C group had the greater total and progressive motility （P 〈 0.05） over the four time points than ejaculates in the WW-C group. It was found that centrifugation and re-suspension of stallion semen in INRA96 improved the longevity of fresh chilled semen. However, when not using centrifugation, the Walworth extender proved to be as effective for maintaining spermatozoa motility across all time points as 1NRA96 , and may be an alternative for use in the equine breeding industry.

关键词： Stallion semen extender centrifugation fresh chilled.

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