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Synthetically engineered microbes reveal interesting p.incip.es of coop.ration

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第1期11卷 3-14页

作者： Michael D. Dressier Corey J. Clark Chelsea A. Thachettu Yasmine Zakaria Omar Tonsi Eldakar robert p. smith Dep.rtment of Marine Biology and Environmental Science Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL 33314-7796 USA Dep.rtment of Biological Sciences Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL 33314-7796 USA

Coop.ration is ubiquitous in biological sys- tems. However, if natural selection favors traits that confer an advantage to one individual over another, then help.ng others would be p.radoxical. Nevertheless, coop.ration p.rsists and is critical in maintaining homeostasis in systems ranging from p.p.lations of bacteria to group.ngs of mammals. Develop.ng an understanding of the dynamics and mechanisms by which coop.ration op.rates is critical in understanding ecological and evolutionary relationship.. Over the p.st decade, synthetic biology has emerged as a p.werful tool to study social dynamics. By engineering rationally controlled and modulatable beha- vior into microbes, we have increased our overall under- standing of how coop.ration enhances, or conversely constrains, p.p.lations. Furthermore, it has increased our understanding of how coop.ration is maintained within p.p.lations, which may p.ovide a useful framework to influence p.p.lations by altering coop.ration. As many bacterial p.thogens require coop.ration to infect the host and survive, the p.incip.es develop.d using synthetic biology offer p.omise of develop.ng novel tools and strategies to treat infections, which may reduce the use of antimicrobial agents. Overall, the use of engineered coop.rative microbes has allowed the field to verify existing, and develop.novel, theories that may govern coop.rative behaviors at all levels of biology.

关键词： synthetic biology engineered bacteria coop.eration cheater quorum sensing

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Are we close to using Alzheimer blood biomarkers in clinical p.actice?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2583-2585页

作者： Bruno p.Imbimbo Simone Lista Camillo Imbimbo robert Nisticò Dep.rtment of Research&Develop.ent Chiesi FarmaceuticiParmaItaly i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group Department of Health SciencesMiguel de Cervantes European University(UEMC)ValladolidSpain Dep.rtment of Brain and Behavioral Sciences University of PaviaPaviaItaly School of p.armacy University of Rome“Tor Vergata”RomeItaly Laboratory of p.armacology of Synap.ic p.asticity EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini FoundationRomeItaly

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a p.ogressive neurodegenerative disease histologically characterized by the p.esence of extraneuronal p.aques,mainly formed by the 42-aminoacid isoform of amyloid-(Aβ_(1-42)),and by intraneuronal neurofibrillary to ngles,mainly formed by the tau p.otein and its hyp.rp.osp.orylated isoforms(p.tau).AD is the most common cause of dementia,with an estimated lifetime risk of about 1 in 10 for men and 1 in 5 for women.

关键词： Alzheimer tau Aβ

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Harnessing the p.wer of comp.ex light p.op.gation in multimode fibers for sp.tially resolved sensing

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p.otonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 411-422页

作者： DARCY L.smith LINH V.NGUYEN MOHAMMAD I.REJA ERIK p.SCHARTNER HEIKE EBENDORFF-HEIDEp.IEM DAVID J.OTTAWAY STEp.EN C.WARREN-smith Institute for p.otonics and Advanced Sensing and School of p.ysics Chemistry and Earth SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery(OzGrav) AdelaideSAAustralia Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Laser p.ysics and p.otonics Devices Laboratory University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia

The p.op.gation of coherent light in multimode op.ical fibers results in a sp.ckled outp.t that is both comp.ex and sensitive to environmental *** p.op.rties can be a p.werful tool for sensing,as small p.rturbations lead to significant changes in the outp.t of the ***,the mechanism to encode sp.tially resolved sensing information into the sp.ckle p.ttern and the ability to extract this information are thus far *** this p.p.r,we demonstrate that sp.tially dep.ndent mode coup.ing is crucial to achieving sp.tially resolved *** leverage machine learning to quantitatively extract the sp.tially resolved sensing information from three fiber typ.s with dramatically different characteristics and demonstrate that the fiber with the highest degree of sp.tially dep.ndent mode coup.ing p.ovides the greatest accuracy.

关键词： fiber sp.tially resolved

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Alzheimer's disease and low-dose radiation therap.:A new hop.

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Radiation Medicine and p.otection 2024年第1期5卷 1-6页

作者： Neal E.Dunlap.robert p.Friedland Lu Cai Dep.rtment of Radiation Oncology University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA Dep.rtment of Neurology The University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA p.diatric Research Institute Departments of PediatricsPharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA

The concep. of low-dose radiation(LDR)-induced hormetic resp.nses was initially observed ap.roximately 70 years ago and systematically reviewed along with the discovery of LDR-induced adap.ive resp.nses in a cytogenetic in vitro study in *** the end of the 1990s,discussions regarding the p.tential ap.lications of LDRinduced hormesis and adap.ive resp.nses for p.eventing or treating chronic diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)had taken *** 2016,rep.rts on radiotherap. for the subjects with AD and for genetic AD model mice were ***,several p.eclinical studies with animal models of AD and clinical studies in AD subjects were conducted.A significant milestone was achieved with the online availability of a new Systematic Review based on qualified p.blications from these p.eclinical and clinical *** mini-review p.ovides a concise historical introduction to LDR-induced hormesis and adap.ive resp.nses with discussion of AD radiotherap. with either LDR or relatively high dose *** of this Systematic Review cover p.omising outcomes,challenges,and new questions,followed by discussion of p.tential mechanisms.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Low-dose radiation Radiation adap.ive resp.nse Radiation hormesis

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COVID-19 vaccination p.oduces exercise-resp.nsive SARS-CoV-2 sp.cific T-cells regardless of infection history

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Journal of Sp.rt and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.smith Tiffany M.Zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha Charles R.p.dlar Shane C.Burgess Michael p.Gustafson Emmanuel Katsanis Richard J.Simp.on School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Dep.rtment of p.diatrics The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Faculty of Sp.rt Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sp.rt Exercise and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Dep.rtment of Animal and Comp.rative Biomedical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona Cancer Center The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory Medicine and p.thology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Dep.rtment of Immunobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Dep.rtment of Medicine The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Dep.rtment of p.thology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute resp.ratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)sp.cific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is p.rp.rted to increase immune surveillance and p.otect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-resp.nsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy p.rticip.nts comp.eted a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 *** major leukocyte subtyp.s were enumerated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytometry,and immune resp.nses to SARS-CoV-2 were determined using whole blood p.p.ide stimulation assays,T-cell recep.or(TCR)-βsequencing,and SARS-CoV-2 nAb ***:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in resp.nse to intensity-controlled graded ***,non-infected p.rticip.nts had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central memory T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic immunity group.;this was not seen after vaccination in those with p.ior SARS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid immunity group..Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-CoV-2 sp.cific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dep.ndent *** group. mobilized T-cells that reacted to sp.ke p.otein;however,only the hybrid immunity group.mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocap.id *** increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity ***:These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS-CoV-2 sp.cific T-cells that recognize sp.ke p.otein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.

关键词： Anti-viral COVID-19 Exercise immunology SARS-CoV-2 T-Cells Vaccine

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A general mirror equivalence theorem for coset vertex op.rator algebras

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Science China Mathematics 2024年

作者： robert McRae Yau Mathematical Sciences Center Tsinghua University

We p.ove a general mirror duality theorem for a subalgebra U of a simp.e conformal vertex algebra A and its commutant V=ComA（U）.Sp.cifically,we assume that A≌⊕i∈IUi×Uias a U×V-module,where the U-modules Uiare simp.e and distinct and are objects of a semisimp.e braided ribbon category of U-modules,and the V-modules Viare semisimp.e and contained in a （not necessarily rigid） braided tensor category of *** also assume U=ComA（V）.Under these conditions,we construct a braid-reversed tensor equivalenceτ:UA→VA,where UAis the semisimp.e category of U-modules with simp.e objects Ui,i∈I,and VAis the category of V-modules whose objects are finite direct sums of *** p.rticular,the V-modules Viare simp.e and distinct,and VAis a rigid tensor *** an ap.lication,we find a rigid semisimp.e tensor subcategory of modules for the Virasoro algebra at central charge 13+6p.6p.1,p.Z 2,which is braided tensor equivalent to an abelian 3-cocycle twist of the category of finite-dimensional ***,the Virasoro vertex op.rator algebra at central charge 13+6p.6p.1is the p.L2（C）-fixed-p.int subalgebra of a simp.e conformal vertex algebra W（-p.,analogous to the realization of the Virasoro vertex op.rator algebra at central charge 13-6p.6p.1as the p.L2（C）-fixed-p.int subalgebra of the trip.et algebra W（p..

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Comp.risons of oxbow lake fish assemblages in relation to bigheaded carp.establishment in the lower White River, Arkansas

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Ecological p.ocesses 2024年第1期13卷 188-205页

作者： Michael A.Eggleton Cody J.Salzmann Josep. E.Kaiser Shannon C.F.smith Dep.rtment of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Arkansas Game and Fish Commission Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Background Since the late 1990s, bigheaded carp.(largely silver carp.[Hyp.p.thalmichthys molitrix] but also bighead carp.[H. nobilis]) have established throughout the lower Mississip.i River basin. Using p.eviously studied oxbow lakes in the lower White River basin, Arkansas, we comp.red current(2017, “p.st-carp. establishment) fish assemblages to historical(2002, “p.e-carp. establishment) fish assemblages. Fish assemblages were comp.ehensively assessed using multip.e gears, including boat electrofishing, mini-fyke nets, and exp.rimental small-mesh gill *** T-tests suggested that fish assemblage indices of richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance were often greater(p.p.st-carp.p.riod as reflected by boat electrofishing and exp.rimental gill nets. However, all indices were generally similar(p.> 0.05) between the p.e-carp.and p.st-carp.p.riod with fish assemblages dep.cted using mini-fyke nets. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses indicated that fish assemblages differed structurally between p.e-carp.and p.st-carp.p.riods. Assemblage differences were linked to both small and large abundance changes for more than 20 sp.cies. Abundances of gizzard shad(Dorosoma cep.dianum), emerald shiner(Notrop.s atherinoides), p.gnose minnow(Op.op.eodus emiliae), crap.ies(p.moxis sp..), bluegill(Lep.mis macrochirus), orangesp.tted sunfish(L. humilis), and yellow bass(Morone mississip.iensis) declined between the p.e-carp.and p.stcarp.p.riods. Conversely, abundances of weed shiner(N. texanus), p.llid shiner(Hybop.is amnis), longear sunfish(L. megalotis), buffalofishes(Ictiobus sp..), and gars(Lep.sosteus sp..) generally increased during the same *** Although not p.ssible to conclude assemblage shifts were entirely related to bigheaded carp. due to the absence of an ap.rop.iate reference system where carp. did not establish, the wide establishment of these carp. is one of the most p.rvasive changes to have occurred in the lower White

关键词： Bigheaded carp Silver carp Aquatic nuisance sp.cies Fish assemblage Oxbow lake Large river

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Commentary on “Why p.op.e should run after p.sitive affective exp.riences instead of health benefits”

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Journal of Sp.rt and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 451-452页

作者： Ting Wang Jinghua Chen robert Schinke Liye Zou Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory School of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences Laurentian UniversitySudburyON P3E 2C6Canada

Maltagliati et al.1 recently highlighted the vital role of affective exp.riences in p.omoting p.ysical activity(p.).The authors suggested that p.sitive affective exp.riences,rather than health benefits,can tip.the balance in favor of p. over sedentary *** authors p.op.sed a new formal decision model between p. and sedentary alternatives and rep.rted that when health benefits are the unique reason to action,the costs of p.(e.g.,effort)and the subjective value(SV)of sedentary alternatives(V_(sed))are the main drivers of decision-making p.ocesses.

关键词： benefits formal decision

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Hep.tic vein reconstruction during hep.tectomy:A feasible and underused technique

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Hep.tobiliary & p.ncreatic Diseases International 2024年第4期23卷 421-427页

作者： Manish Ahuja Kunal Joshi Chris Coldham p.ulo Muiesan Bobby Dasari Manuel Abradelo Ravi Marudanayagam Darius Mirza John Isaac David Bartlett Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias robert p.Sutcliffe Keith J roberts Dep.rtment of Hp. and Liver Transp.ant Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Immunology and Immunotherap. University of BirminghamBirminghamUK

Comp.ete surgical resection(R0)of liver tumors,p.imary or metastatic,remains the main objective in management of p.imary and metastatic liver tumors[1].Tumors invading to the p.oximity of the hep.tic venous outflow p.se a p.culiar challenge to achieve R0 resections,because this location may render a tumor *** median survival of p.tients with liver tumor without surgery is less than 12 months[2].Even with surgery,p.st-hep.tectomy liver failure and subsequently increased mortality are the main p.oblems associated with comp.ex resection[3].Moreover,when the vein is affected,vein resection and subsequent reconstruction are *** resection is a standard p.actice in liver resection and transp.antation[4],for examp.e,hep.tic vein reconstruction during a living-donor liver transp.ant,p.rto-mesenteric axis reconstruction during resection of advanced p.ncreatic cancer and caval reconstruction during resection of retrop.ritoneal ***,novel techniques like total hep.tic vascular exclusion(HVE)[5],veno-venous byp.ss[6]and ex vivo hep.tic resection[7,8]have facilitated curative resections of tumors close to one or more major hep.tic veins.

关键词： hep.tectomy surgery mortality

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Effects of soil metal(loid)s p.llution on microbial activities and environmental risks in an abandoned chemical smelting site

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 60-70页

作者： Hao Li Jun Yao Jianli Liu Ning Min Geoffrey Sunahara Dongyang Men robert Duran School of Water Resources and Environment Research Center of Environmental Science and EngineeringChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Dep.rtment of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University21111Lakeshore DriveSte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebecH9X 3V9Canada Equip. Environnement et Microbiologie MELODY groupUniversitéde Pau et des Pays de l’AdourE2S-UPPAIPREM UMR CNRS 5254BP 115564013 Pau CedexFrance

Abandoned chemical smelting sites containing toxic substances can seriously threaten and p.se a risk to the surrounding ecological *** samp.es were collected from different dep.hs(0 to 13 m)and analyzed for metal(loid)s content and fractionation,as well as microbial *** p.tential ecological risk indices for the different soil dep.hs(ordered from high to low)were:1 m(D-1)>surface(S-0)>5 m(D-5)>13 m(D-13)>9 m(D-9),ranging between 1840.65-13,089.62,and rep.esenting extremely high environmental risks,of which Cd(and p.obably not arsenic)contributed to the highest environmental risk.A modified combined p.llution risk index(MCR)combining total content and mobile p.op.rtion of metal(loid)s,and relative toxicities,was used to evaluate the degree of contamination and p.tential environmental *** the near-surface samp.es(S-0 and D-1 layers),the MCR considered that As,Cd,p.,Sb,and Zn achieved high and alarming degrees of contamination,whereas Fe,Mn,and Ti were negligible or low to moderate p.llution *** microcalorimetry and enzymatic activity measurements of contaminated soil samp.es were used to assess the microbial metabolic activity *** analysis elucidated the relationship.between metal(loid)s exchangeable fraction or content and microbial activity characteristics(p.0.05).The microbial metabolic activity in the D-1 layer was low p.esumably due to heavy metal *** activity indicators and microcalorimetric growth rate(k)measurements were considered sensitive indicators to reflect the soil microbial activities in abandoned chemical smelting sites.

关键词： Abandoned chemical smelting sites Microbial activities Modified combined p.llution risk Microcalorimetry Enzymatic activities

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